scholarly journals The role of the hybrid-specific technological recommendations of maize in precision crop production procedures

2012 ◽  
pp. 297-302
Author(s):  
Endre Széll ◽  
Máté Makra
Keyword(s):  
Production Technology ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
The Impact

The necessity of application of hybrid specific crop production technology has been confirmed not only by trial results but also by the experiences gained from the agricultural practice. For this reason it is essential to test and collect data in field trials about the specific agronomic traits of the corn hybrids belonging to different maturity groups and genotypes. Corn hybrids are tested for their responses to sowing time, plant density and fertilizer supply; sensitivity to herbicides; and lately, the resistance to the damages caused by the larvae of corn root worm. Last but not least, mention should be made of the differences in the responses of the corn hybrids to the damages caused by drought stress. Based on the trial results, suggestions for the hybrid specific corn production are compiled and made public for the experts and farmers engaged in corn growing. Corn hybrids may deliver maximum yields on the impact of specific crop production technology only in case if it relies on carefully done general production technology including soil cultivation, seed bed preparation and weed control. Similarly, precision crop production technology may advance the yield increase in economic way if it is constantly drawing on the source of research results.

scholarly journals Production technology development of millet at different ecological conditions

2015 ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
Emese Seres ◽  
Mihály Sárvári
Keyword(s):  
Production Technology ◽  
Secondary Production ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
Late Sowing

The millet is a very special plant with good adaptation that gives the possibility for the late sowing and secondary production. However the effects of late sowing modifies the efficiency of the agrotechnological elements. The exainations – focused on this aspect – was conducted in the DU RINY and DU RIK in small plots in four replications in 2014. Among the examined factors (sowing time, nutrient supply, growing area) sowing time had the largest effect. The effectiveness of the agrotechnological elements decreases under unfavourable circumstances caused by the late sowing. The agrotechnical elements modifies the yields in the examined genotype. Sowing time had the biggest effect on the yields of millet. The genotype „Maxi” had the highest yield in the different treatment variations. The yield differences were significant between the sowing time and plant density variations, but the nutrient supply had not significant effect (the rate of precipitation was unfavourable in 2014 season).

Unraveling the impact of plant-density genetic architecture on agronomic traits in canola

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yesica C Menendez ◽  
Diego H Sanchez ◽  
Rod J Snowdon ◽  
Deborah P Rondanini ◽  
Javier F Botto
Keyword(s):  
Complex Traits ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Traits ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
High Plant Density ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Plant density defines vegetative architecture and competition for light between individuals. Brassica napus (canola), as a model system of indeterminate growth, presents a radically different plant architecture compared to traditional crops commonly cultivated at high density. Using a panel of 152 spring-type canola accessions and a double haploid (DH) population of 99 lines from a cross between Lynx and Monty, we performed Genome-Wide-Analysis-Studies (GWAS) and Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) mapping for 12 growth and yield traits at two contrasting plant densities (15 and 60 plants m -2). We revealed mostly novel associations by GWAS (19) and QTLs (11) for growth and yield traits being the most significant for flowering, biomass, rosette height, silique and seed number, and grain yield; often representing density-independent signals although we also uncovered some density-dependent associations typically mapping at low density. Further RNA-seq transcriptomics revealed distinctive latent gene regulatory responses to simulated shade between Lynx and Monty. Given the phylogenetic relatedness, we additionally used Arabidopsis thaliana aiming at testing genes to validate density effects of homologous counterparts mapping into relevant rapeseed QTLs. Our results suggest that TCP1 may promote the growth independently of plant neighbors, while HY5 could increase biomass and seed yield specifically at high plant density. For flowering time, the observations in tested mutants suggested that the corresponding genes may plausibly contribute to promote flowering in plant-density dependent (i.e., PIN) and independent (i.e., FT, HY5 and TCP1) manner. This work underscores the advantages of using agronomic field experiments together with genetic and transcriptomic approaches to decipher quantitative complex traits that potentially mediate superior crop productivity.

scholarly journals The Variability of Nitrogen Forms in Soils Due to Traditional and Precision Agriculture: Case Studies in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 465
Author(s):  
Anna Podlasek ◽  
Eugeniusz Koda ◽  
Magdalena Daria Vaverková
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
N Losses ◽  
N Dose ◽  
Spatial Diversification ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
The Impact

The soil and human health issues are closely linked. Properly managed nitrogen (N) does not endanger human health and increases crop production, nevertheless when overused and uncontrolled, can contribute to side effects. This research was intended to highlight that there is a need for carrying out monitoring studies in agricultural areas in order to expand the available knowledge on the content of N forms in agricultural lands and proper management in farming practice. The impact of two types of fertilization, concerning spatially variable (VRA) and uniform (UNI) N dose, on the distribution of N forms in soils was analyzed. The analysis was performed on the basis of soil monitoring data from agricultural fields located in three different experimental sites in Poland. The analyses performed at selected sites were supported by statistical evaluation and recognition of spatial diversification of N forms in soil. It was revealed that the movement of unused N forms to deeper parts of the soil, and therefore to the groundwater system, is more limited due to VRA fertilization. Finally, it was also concluded that the management in agricultural practice should be based on the prediction of spatial variability of soil properties that allow to ensure proper application of N fertilizers, resulting in the reduction of possible N losses.

scholarly journals Challenges and limtations of site specific crop production applications of wheat and maize

2012 ◽  
pp. 101-104
Author(s):  
István Balla ◽  
Ákos Tarnawa ◽  
Csaba Horváth ◽  
Judit Kis ◽  
Márton Jolánkai
Keyword(s):  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Management ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
The Impact

The development and implementation of precision agriculture or site-specific farming has been made possible by combining the Global Positioning System (GPS) and the Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Site specific agronomic applications are of high importance concerning the efficiency of management in crop production as well as the protection and maintenance of environment and nature. Precision crop production management techniques were applied at four locations to evaluate their impact on small plot units sown by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) in a Hungarian national case study. The results obtained suggest the applicability of the site specific management techniques, however the crops studied responded in a different way concerning the impact of applications. Maize had a stronger response regarding grain yield and weed canopy. Wheat was responding better than maize concerning plant density and protein content performance.

Impact of Cluster Front Line Demonstrations on Green Gram (MH-421) in Sirsa District of Haryana State

2022 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-168
Author(s):  
Devender Singh Jakhar ◽  
Sunil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Production Technology ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Important Food ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Bean Crop

Pulses are one of the important food crops globally due to higher protein content. In India,they are also responsible for yielding large financial gains by amounting for a large part ofthe exports. Cluster frontline demonstrations on moong bean crop covering 110 ha areaunder variety MH-421 were conducted by Krishi Vigyan Kendra at 110 locations in Sirsadistrict of Haryana state during four consecutive years viz. 2016 to 2019. The technologicalgaps were identified in existing crop production technology through farmers meetings andgroup discussions. The findings showed significant increase in the average yield ofdemonstrated plot (23.1%) over the farmer’s plot of moong bean crop. Average yield ofdemonstration plots was recorded higher by 26.90 per cent, 20.50 per cent, 20.00 per centand 25.00 per cent in years 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively. The extension gapwas 2.02 q/ha, 1.50 q/ha, 1.50 q/ha and 2.00 q/ha while technology gap was 2.48 q/ha,3.20 q/ha, 3.00 q/ha and 2.00 q/ha in 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019 respectively. Duringthese four years yield increase in demonstrations plots expressed as additional incomeover check plots accounted for Rs. 11300/ha, Rs. 900/ha, Rs. 6200/ha and Rs.14400/haduring various years.

scholarly journals Role of the Fungicide Seed Dressing in Controlling Seed-Borne Fusarium spp. Infection and in Enhancing the Early Development and Grain Yield of Maize

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 784
Author(s):  
Luca Capo ◽  
Alessandro Zappino ◽  
Amedeo Reyneri ◽  
Massimo Blandino
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Seed Dressing ◽  
The Impact

Fusarium spp. are key pathogens in maize seeds and seedlings. The aim of this study has been to evaluate the effects of applying fungicides to maize seeds to increase the survival of seedlings and to enhance the early vigor and grain yield of the plants. The protective effects of 2-way (fludioxonil, metalaxil-M) and four-way (fludioxonil, metalaxil-M, azoxystrobin, thiabendazole) fungicide seed treatments were compared with an F. verticillioides seed infected control in 11 field trials carried out in North Italy. A second study focused on the impact F. verticillioides and F. graminearum seed-borne infection on plant growth and on the possible advantages of applying the previously reported seed dressing. The seed dressing increased the plant density, vigor during the whole vegetative growth cycle for all the production situations, and grain yield. F. verticillioides led to a higher seedling mortality than F. graminearum, while both species reduced plant growth and delayed the flowering date. Seed-borne infection has an important impact on both the population and vigor of maize plants. The four-way fungicide enhanced both the defense of the seedlings and the vigor of F. verticillioides infected plants, which in turn resulted in a significant improvement in grain yield, compared to a conventional two-way fungicide.

scholarly journals Wheat Varietal Differences in Below Ground Biomass Revealed by a Semi-Quantitative Estimation of Wheat Root DNA in Soil Samples

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huw Jones ◽  
Steven Bentley ◽  
Lydia Smith ◽  
Alison Karley ◽  
Tracy Valentine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Biomass ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Wheat Root ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Root Washing ◽  
The Impact

Root research on field grown crops is hindered by the difficulty of estimating root biomass in soil. Root washing, the current standard method is laborious and expensive. Biochemical methods to quantify root biomass in soil, targeting species-specific DNA, have potential as a more efficient assay. We combined an efficient DNA extraction method, designed specifically to extract DNA from soil, with well-established quantitative PCR methods to estimate the root biomass of twenty-two wheat varieties grown in field trials over two seasons. We also developed an assay for estimating root biomass for black-grass, a common weed of wheat cultivation. Two robust qPCR assays were developed to estimate the quantity of plant root DNA in soil samples, one specific to wheat and barley, and a second specific to black-grass. The DNA qPCR method was comparable, with high correlations, with the results of root washing from soil cores taken from winter wheat field trials. The DNA qPCR assay showed both variety and depth as significant factors in the distribution of root biomass in replicated field trials. The results suggest that these DNA qPCR assays are a useful, high throughput tool for investigating the genetic basis of wheat root biomass distribution in field grown crops, and the impact of black-grass root systems on crop production.

Seedbed preparation, timing of seeding, fertility and root pathogens affect establishment and yield of alfalfa

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. Hwang ◽  
B. D. Gossen ◽  
G. D. Turnbull ◽  
K. F. Chang ◽  
R. J. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Seedbed Preparation ◽  
The Impact

Invasion by grasses and weedy species occurs when plant density in alfalfa fields falls below critical levels. Several soil-borne fungal pathogens can reduce stand density in alfalfa by impeding seedling establishment and by killing older plants weakened by other stresses. Surveys of alfalfa fields were conducted in 1997, and pathogenic fungi from rotted roots were isolated and identified. Isolates of selected pathogens were applied with the seed in field trials to assess the impact of fertilizer and seeding system (conventional vs. sod-seeding, spring vs. dormant-fall seeding) on seedling emergence and subsequent productivity when disease pressure was high. The impact of various fungicide seed treatments was also assessed. Seed treatment improved seedling emergence and initial forage productivity in one of three trials; however, it had little effect on long-term forage yield. Addition of sulphur fertilizer had little effect on seedling emergence or survival, but improved forage productivity at all three trial sites. Sod-seeded plots suffered more winterkill and were less vigorous than plots seeded into a tilled seedbed. Seedling emergence was lower when seedlings were planted in the fall than in the spring. However, fall-seeded treatments showed a less adverse response to inoculum treatments and, in some cases, these seedlings were able to take advantage of early-season moisture to produce higher yields than their spring-seeded counterparts. Key words: Medicago, Fusarium, Pythium, Phoma, fungicide, seed treatment, fertilizer, tillage

scholarly journals Weeds Biomass as Affected by Tillage Practices and Cropping Systems under a Semiarid Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
MEHMOOD-UL-HASSAN ◽  
A. QAYYUM ◽  
A. SHER ◽  
M.I. TAHIR ◽  
M. AZEEM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT: Tillage practice has a significant role on weeds eradication and soil water conservation in crop production. Under semiarid agriculture, the monsoon rains (65%) are major source of water in Potohar, Pakistan, which can effectively be used mostly for winter crops production. To evaluate the impact of different tillage system for prevailing cropping systems and their weeds biomass under semiarid conditions, field experiment was conducted at the Arid University Research Farm Koont Rawalpindi (Pakistan) during crop growth seasons 2013-14 and 2014-15. Tillage systems as treatments were (a) three cultivations with a cultivator, as control treatment, (b) mold-board with two cultivations, (c) chisel-plough with two cultivations and (d) minimum tillage (only tillage performed at sowing time) with glyphosate. Sowing was made using drill for all cropping systems i.e. a, b, and d except c which was planted on bed (made by bed planter). In addition to ploughing treatments, different cropping systems (a) wheat - fallow (b) wheat and brassica - fallow, (c) wheat and chickpea - fallow and (d) wheat - cluster bean (green manure crop) were also used for minimum two years rotations. On average in both study years, interactive effect of treatments (mold board with 2 cultivations) for the rotation wheat and brassica - fallow showed a reduction in weeds dry biomass of Anagallis arvensis (blue pimpernel, 55.6%), Asphodelus tenuifolius (jungle onion, 42.3%), Chenopodium album (common goosefoot, 40.8%), Circium arvense (creeping thistle, 53.1%), Convolvulus arvensis (field bind weed, 56.6%) and Cynodon dactylon (vilfa stellata, 45.8%) within 60 days after sowing (DAS) as compared with the control treatment (three cultivations on a wheat - fallow cropping system). Similar trends were observed at the crop maturity stage. Results of the experiment showed that better weed biomass suppression can be achieved by using moldboard plough for cultivation with followed by wheat- brassica cropping system and/or wheat - chickpea intercropping for semiarid soil condition in Pakistan.

scholarly journals Examination of the population density and sowing date of different maize genotypes in the Hajdúság region

2012 ◽  
pp. 111-115
Author(s):  
Károly Máriás ◽  
Péter Pepó
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Homogeneous Field ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Late Sowing

The experiment was carried out 6 km from Debrecen, next to the main road 47 on a homogeneous field on brown forest soil. Five corn hybrids were tested in the trial (DKC 4795, DKC 4995, KWS Kornelius, NK Cobalt, PR37 N01) at three different sowing times (early – 5th April, average – 21st April, late – 10th May). At each sowing time, three different plant densities were applied (modest – 58 500 plants ha-1, average –70 200 plants ha-1, high – 82 300 plants ha-1). The agrotechnics appliedin the experiment satisfied the requirements of modern corn cultivation. In the study, the best yield result was achieved with the early sowing time out of the three examined sowing times (11 315 kg ha-1), which was significantly different (LSD5%=495 kg) from that of the average sowing time (10 690 kg ha-1), however, there was no statistically justifiable difference between the yield results of the early and the late sowing times. There was a significant difference also between the average and late sowing time. Our results indicate that the different sowing times resulted in a different flowering times. Consequently, the stands of early and late sowing time reached this critical stadium of growth under proper climatic circumstances (precipitation: 39 mm and 136 mm, average temperature at flowering: 18.1 oC and 20.3 oC), while flowering in the case of the average sowing time of 21st April was in the first half of July and the average temperature at flowering was warmer (23.2 oC) with only 10 mm precipitation.In the experiment, the plant density response was also examined. According to the measured data, four of the five hybrids responded badly to the increasing plant density. We found that the plant density of 58 500 plant ha-1 gave the largest yield results (DKC 4995 11 794 kg ha-1 – NK Cobalt 10 998 kg ha-1, average of five hybrids: 11 430 kg ha-1), while the lowest yields were obtained at the plant density of 82 300 plant ha-1 (KWS Kornelius 11 037 kg ha-1 – NK Cobalt 10 019 kg ha-1, average of five hybrids 10 720 kg ha-1). The difference between the two plant densities was significant (LSD5%=494 kg), however, the 70 200 plant ha-1 plant density did not show any statistical difference from neither the 58 500 ha-1 nor from the 82 300 plant ha-1 stands. When examining the data of the hybrids separately, we found that there was a significant difference between the average yield of the lowest and highest plant densities only in the case of three (DKC 4795, DKC 4995, NKCobalt) out of the five hybrids (DKC 4795: 11 757 kg ha-1 – 10 857 ha-1 where LSD5% =816 kg; DKC 4995: 11 794 kg ha-1 – 10 738 kg ha-1 where LSD5%=853kg; NK Cobalt: 10 998 kg ha-1 – 10 019 kg ha-1 where LSD5%=630 kg ha-1), while a  significant difference between the second and third plant densities was observed only in one case (DKC 4995: 11 726 kg ha-1 – 10 738 ha-1 where LSD5%=853 kg). In all other cases, there was no statistical difference between the differentplant densities.

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