scholarly journals The importance of predator species in the population dynamics of the Brown hares (Lepus europaeus, Pallas 1778) – Literature review

2017 ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Péter Farkas ◽  
Szilvia Kusza ◽  
István Majzinger
Keyword(s):  
Wildlife Management ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Lepus Europaeus ◽  
Game Management ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Predator Species ◽  
Small Game ◽  
Important Prey

One of the conditions for successful small game management is the good management of predator species. The predator species play an important role in the sustainable utilization of the domestic brown hare populations. A portion of these species are under nature protection and with the rest of the species can be utilizing by the wildlife management professionals. Important prey species of brown hares: perspective are red fox, domestic dog and domestic cat. Based on latest date of the National Game Management Database in hunting bags increasing every year the number of the European badger, the stone marten and the golden jackal. In Hungary the brown hare’s most important predator bird species are common buzzard, marsh-harries and goshawk. The human race is not only as a top predator affects the number of the population of brown hares with the wildlife management but indirectly with traffic, (soil cultivation, mowing, and pest control) as well. The control of predators is absolutely necessary for successful small game management, but without sufficient habitat size and habitat development it is hardly sufficient.

scholarly journals Effects of hunting management on Mediterranean farmland birds

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
JESÚS CARO ◽  
MIGUEL DELIBES-MATEOS ◽  
ALBA ESTRADA ◽  
RUI BORRALHO ◽  
LUÍS GORDINHO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Alectoris Rufa ◽  
Game Management ◽  
Farmland Birds ◽  
Point Counts ◽  
Small Game ◽  
Circus Pygargus ◽  
Tetrax Tetrax ◽  
Ground Nesting

SummaryHunting and its associated management have significant costs and benefits for biodiversity conservation, which makes this socio-economic activity highly controversial at both international and regional levels. We investigated relationships between management for small game species (mainly Red-legged Partridges Alectoris rufa and rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus) and both abundance and richness of farmland and scrubland songbirds, raptors and ground-nesting birds, and on the abundance of three species of conservation concern (Little Bustard Tetrax tetrax, Eurasian Thick-knee Burhinus oedicnemus and Montagu’s Harrier Circus pygargus) in southern Portugal farmland. We compared 12 game estates and 12 matching areas with similar sizes and land uses but no game management. Richness and abundance were estimated from fixed point counts, and were related to game regime (managed or unmanaged), habitat characteristics and census period. Our results showed that game management was associated, albeit weakly, with higher abundance of raptors and ground-nesting birds, but no relationship (either positive or negative) was found for other guilds and species. Habitat was generally the most important factor explaining bird species richness and abundance. Our results suggest possibilities for promoting management systems that could maximize both hunting sustainability and conservation value of managed areas, particularly when management helps to improve or maintain beneficial habitats or practices for farmland birds.

Moving toward coordinated management of timber and other resource uses in Hungarian forests

1994 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 555-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Csányi
Keyword(s):  
Wildlife Management ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Tree Plantations ◽  
Common Elements ◽  
Game Management ◽  
Planning Systems ◽  
Wood Production ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Resource Conflicts ◽  
The Past

This paper presents the relationships and development of forestry and wildlife management in Hungary during the past 70 years. Current problems of coordination are rooted in the cardinal principle of Hungarian forestry that defines the purpose of forest management as "sustainable and increasing wood production", and regards recreational, educational, and wildlife management as secondary uses. Forestry and game management share several common elements such as educational and scientific underpinnings, direction and regulation, and planning systems. Nonetheless, poor coordination and profit-driven management have resulted in serious resource conflicts associated with extensive clearcutting, habitat destruction, diminished diversity in tree plantations, game damage to reforestation efforts, and other problems. Scientific and professional cooperation are necessary to create an ecologically-sound basis to coordinate resource uses and to harmonize the objectives of timber production, nature protection, and wildlife management in Hungarian forests.

Effect of agro-ecosystem components on the population dynamics of European brown hare (Lepus europaeus Pallas)

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-426
Author(s):  
Ákos Tarnawa ◽  
H. Klupács ◽  
M. Jolánkai
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Special Kind ◽  
Lepus Europaeus ◽  
Game Management ◽  
European Brown Hare ◽  
Small Game ◽  
Wild Fauna ◽  
The One ◽  
Hare Population

Most Hungarian ecosystems are agro-ecosystems dominated by crops. In these agroecosystems small game has a secondary, but nevertheless very important role. On the one hand, the wild fauna figures are an indicator of the sustainability of a system. On the other hand, game management and hunting are traditional activities. Hunting can be regarded as a special kind of agriculture and small game management takes place on agricultural land, so more should be known about the connection between ecosystem components, such as climatic factors, crops and small game populations, for example that of hare. Data on the land use in Hungary were collected between 1960 and 2006. The area and yield of 30 field crops and various meteorological parameters were examined, as well as hare populations. The results suggest that in general the magnitude of crop areas had a stronger effect than the yield, while weather parameters had the weakest impact on the hare population.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Overlap between the European Brown Hare and Its Potential Predators and Competitors

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 562
Author(s):  
Andrea Viviano ◽  
Emiliano Mori ◽  
Niccolò Fattorini ◽  
Giuseppe Mazza ◽  
Lorenzo Lazzeri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Roe Deer ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Lepus Europaeus ◽  
Brown Hare ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
European Brown Hare ◽  
Free Ranging

Analysis of spatiotemporal partitioning is pivotal to shed light on interspecific coexistence. Most research effort has involved large-sized carnivores and their prey, whereas little attention has been devoted to lagomorphs. We assessed spatiotemporal overlap among the European brown hare Lepus europaeus and its potential competitors and predators through camera-trapping in an area in Central Italy. We estimated the interspecific patterns of the spatiotemporal activity rhythms of brown hares, its potential predators (the red fox Vulpes vulpes, the pine marten Martes martes, the domestic cat Felis catus, and the domestic dog Canis familiaris), and a competitor, the roe deer Capreolus capreolus. Brown hare activity was studied in natural conditions as well as in a fenced area that excluded terrestrial predators and competitors. Free-ranging hares developed a more nocturnal behavior to avoid diurnal predators (i.e., domestic carnivores and martens). Although high temporal overlap was observed between free-ranging brown hares and both red foxes (82%) and roe deer (81%), hares avoided fox by being more active on darkest nights, as well as avoided roe deer through spatial partitioning. We suggest that hares may adapt their spatiotemporal behavior to avoid potential predators and competitors.

scholarly journals Cleaner birds: an overview for the Neotropics

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Sazima ◽  
Cristina Sazima
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
The Body ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Large Herbivores ◽  
Broad Category ◽  
Organic Debris ◽  
Marine Reptiles ◽  
Black Vulture ◽  
Do So

Several bird species feed on a variety of external parasites and epibionts, organic debris, dead and wounded tissue, clots and blood, and secretions from the body of other vertebrates (hosts or clients). We present an overview of so called cleaner birds from the Neotropics based on field records, literature, and photo survey. We found that 33 bird species in 16 families practice cleaning even if some of them do so very occasionally. The birds range from the Galápagos ground finch Geospiza fuliginosa to the widespread black vulture Coragyps atratus. Clients mostly are large herbivores such as capybaras, deer, and livestock, but also include medium-sized herbivores such as iguanas and tortoises, and carnivores such as boobies and seals - a few bird species associate with these latter marine mammals. No carnivorous terrestrial mammal client is recorded to date except for a domestic dog, from whose hair black vultures picked organic debris. Some clients adopt particular inviting postures while being cleaned, whereas others are indifferent or even disturbed by the activity of cleaner birds. Capybaras, giant tortoises, and iguanas are among the inviting clients, whereas boobies try to dislodge the 'vampire' finch Geospiza difficilis. Most of the Neotropical cleaner birds may be lumped in one broad category (omnivores that dwell in open areas and associate with large to medium-sized herbivores). A second, restricted category accommodates some species from Patagonia and the Galápagos Islands (omnivores that dwell in open areas and associate with carnivorous marine mammals, or seabirds and marine reptiles). Two still more restricted categories accommodate the following: 1) forest-dwelling cleaner birds; and 2) marine coastal cleaners. Additional records of Neotropical cleaner birds will mostly fall in the broad category.

scholarly journals Changes in the Eurasian eagle-owl (Bubo bubo) population in Czechia and their association with legal protection

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-44
Author(s):  
Jan Andreska ◽  
Dominik Andreska
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Birds Of Prey ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Predator Species ◽  
Bubo Bubo ◽  
Eagle Owl ◽  
Live Bait

Abstract The article deals with trends in the Eurasian eagle-owl (Bubo bubo) population in Czechia and the interplay between legal regulation of hunting and nature protection. In the early 20th century, the eagle-owl population in Bohemia decreased to an estimated 20 nesting pairs, and the population in Moravia and Silesia was subsequently estimated to be similarly low. In previous centuries, eagle-owls had been persecuted as pest animals; additionally, their chicks were picked from nests to be kept by hunters for the eagle-owl lure hunting method (“výrovka” in Czech), where they were used as live bait to attract corvids and birds of prey, which were subsequently killed by shooting. As soon as the state of the eagle-owl population was established in the 1900s, the effort to save the autochthonous eagle-owl population commenced. Nevertheless, when eagle-owls became legally protected from killing in the 1930s, the eagle-owl lure hunting method was not prohibited. The intensified use of this hunting method in the 1950s was accompanied by serious decline in the populations of birds of prey in the Czech countryside, when tens of thousands of Eurasian sparrowhawks (Accipiter nisus), northern goshawks (Accipiter gentilis), common buzzards (Buteo buteo) and rough-legged buzzards (B. lagopus) were killed on a yearly basis. The usage of eagle-owl chicks in lure hunting was criticised by ornithologists concerned with the conservation of birds of prey. The eagle-owl thus became a subject of more general debate on the role of predators in nature, and this debate (albeit regarding other predator species) has continued to the present-day. As the eagle-owl population has been growing steadily following the prohibition of its killing in the 1930s, its story may serve as an example of the need for effective legal protection of predators to ensure their survival in the intensively exploited central-European environment. The article examines the successful preserving of the eagle-owl in the Czech countryside, from its low point in the early 20th century towards today’s stable and ever-increasing population, focusing on environmental, conservationist, legal and societal aspects of the issue.

Effect of plantation clearcutting on carnivore presence in industrial forest landscapes in south-central Chile

Mammalia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
Sandra P. Escudero-Páez ◽  
Esteban Botero-Delgadillo ◽  
Cristián F. Estades
Keyword(s):  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Canis Lupus Familiaris ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
South Central ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Information on how wildlife is affected by pine plantation clearcutting is relevant for designing management strategies to promote biodiversity conservation in productive systems. By comparing the number of records of carnivores in a mosaic of pine plantations and native forest remnants before and after pine harvesting, we assessed the effect of plantation clearcutting on carnivore presence in ten sampling areas in Central Chile. We also included a number of covariates to account for their potential confounding effects, for example, the distance between each site and the nearesting human settlement and vegetation cover. A total of 10 species were observed, but no negative effect of clearcutting on carnivore presence was detected. Only the culpeo fox (Lycalopex culpaeus) responded positively to the harvesting of pine plantations. The threatened kodkod (Leopardus guigna) was absent in clearcut areas and the number of records increased in forests or plantations with a dense understorey. The domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris) responded positively to human settlements and seems to prefer more open areas. The number of records for the Puma (Puma concolor) and the domestic cat (Felis silvestris catus) was too few, and hence, we could not make any inference regarding these two species. The other species recorded showed different responses to one or more of the included covariates. Although our results showed that the recording of some species could change in the short term after pine harvesting, future studies should assess the impact of clearcutting at a much higher scale, both in terms of space and time.

scholarly journals A retrospective longitudinal study of animal and human rabies in Botswana 1989-2006

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
K.T. Moagabo ◽  
K.B. Monyame ◽  
E.K. Baipoledi ◽  
M. Letshwenyo ◽  
N. Mapitse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Human Rabies ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Impact Monitoring

A longitudinal study of animal and human rabies covering 18 years from 1989 to 2006 was retrospectively conducted in order to highlight the epidemiological features and trends of the disease in Botswana. Over the 18-year period, a total of 4 306 brain specimens collected from various species of animals including human beings with clinical signs consistent with rabies were submitted to the National Veterinary Laboratory in Gaborone for confirmatory diagnosis. Of the samples submitted, 2 419 cases were found to be positive for lyssavirus antigen; this presents an overall prevalence rate of 56.18 ± 1.48 %. About 85.7 % (2 074/2 419) of the cases were from domestic animals, 14.2 % (343/2 419) cases were from wild animals and two cases (0.1 %) were from human beings. During the first half of the study (1989-1997) the prevalence rate of the disease was estimated at 62.79 ± 1.85 % (1 645/2 620 positive) whereas during the second half (1998-2006) it was estimated at 45.91 ± 2.38 % (774/1 686 positive) and the difference between the two estimates was statistically, highly significant (Δ % = 16.88, SE 95) diff % = 3.015, SD = 5.599; P < 0.001). Ruminant rabies accounted for 79.99 % (50.92 % bovine, 28.40 % caprine and 0.67 % ovine) whereas canine (domestic dog) and feline (domestic cat) accounted for 16.01 and 0.87 %, respectively. Equine rabies accounted for 3.13 % with 1.35 and 1.78 %, respectively, for horses and donkeys. Jackal rabies accounted for more than 60 % of the total cases in wild animals. These findings are discussed in relation to the previous epidemiological situation of the disease (1979-1988), its socio-economic impact, monitoring and control in Botswana.

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