scholarly journals Prevalence of ces and cytk Genes of Bacillus cereus Isolated From Raw Milk in Tabriz, Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 76-79
Author(s):  
Mahtab Hamidpour ◽  
Saman Mahdavi
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Dairy Product ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Background: Bacillus cereus is a gram-positive and spore-forming bacterium which is widespread in nature. It also has been known as a major foodborne pathogen that often plays a role in the contamination of ready-to-eat and dairy products. It causes two different types of food poisoning in human: the diarrheal type and the emetic type. Objective: The current study was planned to determine the prevalence of ces and cytk genes of Bacillus cereus isolated from raw milk in Tabriz, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this study, 40 B. cereus strains isolated from cow raw milk, that had already been identified phenotypically, were assessed for molecular confirmation by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Then, they were evaluated for presence of ces and cytK genes by specific primers. Results: Of 40 B. cereus strains, 39 strains were confirmed molecularly. The frequency of cytK and ces genes was reported 38 (97.43%) and 0 (0%), respectively. Conclusion: The results of present study showed that B. cereus strains isolated from raw milk had high potential in causing diarrhea poisoning. Therefore, using procedures to reduce the bacterial contamination during the processing of dairy product is essential.

scholarly journals Isolation and Toxin Typing of Clostridium Perfringens From Sheep, Goats, and Cattle in Fars Province, Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-93
Author(s):  
Masoumeh Hayati ◽  
Mehrdad Shamseddini ◽  
Yahya Tahamtan ◽  
Safar Sadeghzadeh ◽  
Mohsen Manavian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Fars Province ◽  
Type B ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Defined Media ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Published Research

Background: Clostridium perfringens is an important anaerobic bacterium found in the intestine of some livestock. It is concerned with the etiology of some diseases including enterotoxaemia. Various diseases are caused by different types of C. perfringens. Nonetheless, there is no published research on molecular typing and distribution of this pathogenic microorganism in Fars province. Objectives: Accordingly, our study focused on the isolation and toxin typing of C. perfringens from sheep, cattle, and goats in different parts of Fars province by the culture and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Materials and Methods: Approximately 459 fecal samples were collected and cultured on defined media for the isolation of C. perfringens. The confirmed isolates were genotyped by the PCR method using specific primers. Results: C. perfringens was isolated from 30.93% of the total samples. The results of toxin typing showed a total of 76 (54%), 13 (9%), 30 (21%), and 23 (16%) isolates as types A, B, C, and D, respectively. Conclusion: Our results indicated that C. perfringens type A was the most common type in sheep, cattle, and goats while the lowest number of isolates belonged to type B. Finally, the isolation of C. perfringens and toxin typing increase our knowledge of the epidemiology of these diseases and can help in the vaccine industry and better controlling related diseases.

Phylogeny Characterization of Seb Gene Encoding Enterotoxins in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Raw Milk and Cheese

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (o3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima N. Aziz ◽  
Laith Abdul Hassan Mohammed-Jawad
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Conventional Pcr ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Gene Encoding

Food poisoning due to the bacteria is a big global problem in economically and human's health. This problem refers to an illness which is due to infection or the toxin exists in nature and the food that use. Milk is considered a nutritious food because it contains proteins and vitamins. The aim of this study is to detect and phylogeny characterization of staphylococcal enterotoxin B gene (Seb). A total of 200 milk and cheese samples were screened. One hundred ten isolates of Staphylococcus aureus pre-confirmed using selective and differential media with biochemical tests. Genomic DNA was extracted from the isolates and the SEB gene detects using conventional PCR with specific primers. Three staphylococcus aureus isolates were found to be positive for Seb gene using PCR and confirmed by sequencing. Sequence homology showed variety range of identity starting from (100% to 38%). Phylogenetic tree analyses show that samples (6 and 5) are correlated with S. epidermidis. This study discovered that isolates (A6-RLQ and A5-RLQ) are significantly clustered in a group with non- human pathogen Staphylococcus agnetis.

Analysis of babA, cagE and cagA Genes in Helicobacter pylori from Upper Gastric Patients in the North of Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saba Fakhrieh Asl ◽  
Mehrnaz Pourvahedi ◽  
Ali Mojtahedi ◽  
Mohammad Shenagari
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Gastric Diseases ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
The North ◽  
Different Types ◽  
North Of Iran ◽  
Gastric Biopsies ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Non Ulcer Dyspepsia ◽  
H Pylori

Objective:Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium which has a serious effect on up to half of the world’s population and has been related to different gastric diseases. The goal of this study was to assess the frequency of babA, cagE and cagA genotypes among H. pylori strains isolated from gastric biopsies of endoscopic patients in the north of Iran.Methods:The present study was performed on 90 strains of H. pylori isolated from patients with gastric diseases (Gastric ulcer (GU), Duodenal ulcer (DU), Gastritis (G), Non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) and Gastric adenocarcinoma (GC)). DNA was extracted from all isolated strains and PCR method was performed to detect the prevalence of babA2, cagE and cagA genes using specific primers.Results:Among 90 samples of H. pylori, babA2, cagE, and cagA genes were detected in 42.2%, 30% and 82.2% of strains respectively. The statistical analysis showed that the prevalence of cagA gene in GU, G, DU, and NUD was significantly higher than other genes. Moreover, cagA, and babA2 genes were significantly more prevalent in GC patients compared to cagE gene. Our isolates exhibited 8 distinct arrangements of virulence patterns. The occurrence of cagA (35.6%) was the most prevalent pattern followed by cagA/babA2 (20%) and cagA/babA2/cagE (14.4%).Conclusion:In summary, as first report from Guilan province in the north of Iran, we showed significant association between the presence of babA2, cagE, and cagA genes in different types of gastric disorders.

scholarly journals Characterization of Bacillus cereus in Dairy Products in China

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Ye Liu ◽  
Qiao Hu ◽  
Fei Xu ◽  
Shuang-Yang Ding ◽  
Kui Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Shed Light

Bacillus cereus is a common and ubiquitous foodborne pathogen with an increasing prevalence rate in dairy products in China. High and unmet demands for such products, particularly milk, raise the risk of B. cereus associated contamination. The presence of B. cereus and its virulence factors in dairy products may cause food poisoning and other illnesses. Thus, this review first summarizes the epidemiological characteristics and analytical assays of B. cereus from dairy products in China, providing insights into the implementation of intervention strategies. In addition, the recent achievements on the cytotoxicity and mechanisms of B. cereus are also presented to shed light on the therapeutic options for B. cereus associated infections.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Bacillus cereus s.l. in ultra-high temperature chocolate milk from selected milk manufacturers in Malaysia

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 982-990
Author(s):  
Ubong Anyi ◽  
C.Y. New ◽  
L.C. Chai ◽  
Y.Y. Loo ◽  
Nor Khaizura M.A.R. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Chocolate Milk ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Milk Contamination ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Bacillus cereus is a major foodborne pathogen of great concern to the dairy industry owing to its resilient spores as well as the adverse effect of its toxins. At present, there is no informational study available to solve or pinpoint the UHT chocolate milk contamination issue in Malaysia. This work aimed to investigate the prevalence and contamination level of B. cereus s.l. in UHT chocolate milk and to suggest the appropriate solution for the issue. In the present study, B. cereus s.l. prevalence and contamination level in individually packed UHT chocolate milk from processing factories was evaluated. The prevalence and concentration of B. cereus s.l. were determined via MPN-PCR (Most Probable Number-Polymerase Chain Reaction) assay. Results showed that 31.11% from 220 of UHT chocolate milk tested contained Bacillus spp.; of this Bacillus spp. positive samples, 24.30% were also positive for B. cereus s.l. with concentration ranging from less than 3 to more than 1100 MPN/mL. Findings from this study highlighted the possibility of UHT chocolate milk as a potential source of B. cereus s.l. infection. Therefore, findings emphasized the needs to revise, monitor and improve UHT sterilization process to reduce infection risk. Furthermore, it is also essential to maintain the hygiene to minimize initial microbial load and contamination of UHT chocolate milk, beginning from production to retail.

scholarly journals DETECTION OF HBLD TOXIN GENE BY BACILLUS CEREUS ISOLATED FROM MEAT CURRY FOOD SAMPLES IN MALAYSIAN RESTAURANTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-72
Author(s):  
Marwan Msarah ◽  
Ahmed Alsier ◽  
Sahilah, A.M.
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Blood Agar ◽  
Toxin Gene ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Isolation Medium ◽  
Hemolysin Bl

Bacillus cereus is a ubiquitous foodborne pathogen, can cause food poisoning, leading to infections, have two major types of food poisoning emetic and diarrheal. Foods rich in protein such as meat are associated with foodborne outbreaks of diarrhea caused by B. cereus. The aim of this study is to isolate and identify B. cereus from ready to eat (RTE) meat curry from restaurants in Malaysia and to detect hblD pathogenic gene of B. cereus isolates. Mannitol egg yolk polymyxin agar was used as a selective isolation medium. Commercially available kits and boiling methods were used for DNA extraction, samples acquired from restaurants were examined for the presence of Hemolysin BL gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Among all isolates, twenty-four of B. cereus isolates detected for HBL enterotoxin production by the discontinuous pattern on HBL sheep blood agar then confirmed by biochemical tests. More than 58.33 % of the isolate showed discontinuous hemolysis pattern on HBl blood agar and 29.16% of the samples were shown positive for hblD gene that can cause diarrhea with the size of 807bp on gel. This study demonstrated that RTE meat curry was a potential source for entero-toxigenic B. cereus and the presence of the hblD toxin genes for the HBL complex in the isolates tested were highly associated. Therefore, these meat curry isolates should be regarded as potential toxin producers.

Development of a rapid and reliable single-tube multiplex real-time PCR method for HLA-A*24:02 genotyping

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 803-812
Author(s):  
Yanxia Wang ◽  
Tingting Zhang ◽  
Lirong Zhang ◽  
Yanrui Pei ◽  
Lili Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Qpcr Assay ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Single Tube ◽  
Taqman Probes ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Aim: HLA-A*24:02 is significantly associated with cutaneous adverse drug reactions caused by aromatic antiepileptic drugs. Here, we aimed to establish a fast and reliable detection method for HLA-A*24:02 genotyping. Methods: A single-tube multiplex quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay for HLA-A*24:02 genotyping was established by combining allele-specific primers with TaqMan probes. Results: A 100% concordance was observed between qPCR and SBT result in 106 Han subjects. The detection limit of the new method was 0.05 ng DNA. The positive rate of HLA-A*24:02 in Tibetans (55.6%, n = 81) was significantly higher than those in Han (34%, n = 106), Uighur (27.5%, n = 102), Bouyei (25.9%, n = 116) and Miao populations (26.5%, n = 113). Conclusion: The newly established qPCR assay was reliable for HLA-A*24:02 screening in clinical applications.

scholarly journals Detection of Clostridium tyrobutyricum using cultivation and biochemical methods and polymerase chain reaction

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Radka Burdychová ◽  
Pavla Sládková
Keyword(s):  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Clostridium Tyrobutyricum ◽  
Acid Fermentation ◽  
Cultivation Technique ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Polymyxine B ◽  
Spore Forming Bacteria

Anaerobic spore-forming bacteria of the genusClostridiumare commonly present in raw milk and some milk products. Their spores can survive pasteurization and can provoke so called late blowing defect in cheese caused by butyric acid fermentation. The only species of the genusClostridiumthat is able to provoke late blowing isClostridium tyrobutyricum.In this work, two cultivation methods for detection of butyric acid producing clostridia in raw and pasteurized milk and in cheese samples were compared. The results show that tube method is suitable for route identification (in concentration 102CFU/ml or /g) of clostridia in milk and cheese. The standard cultivation technique is suitable for more sensitive identification (10 CFU/ml or /g). All presumptive colonies grown anaerobically on selective RCM agar with polymyxine B (500 μg/ml) were classified to be of speciesClostridium tyrobutyricumusing PCR only. The confirmation using API tests were different in 50 % cases. The results show, that described PCR method is suitable for rapid screening of the presence ofClostridium tyrobutyricumin milk and cheese. PCR from one colony is possible to use for the analysis.

scholarly journals Mite Sarcoptes scabiei Varieties Hominis in South Sumatra: Specific Identification and Comparative Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (A) ◽  
pp. 938-942
Author(s):  
Yessi Arisandi ◽  
Chairil Anwar ◽  
Salni Salni ◽  
Dadang Hikmah Purnama ◽  
Novrikasari Novrikasari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Specific Identification ◽  
16S Gene ◽  
Dna Strands ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Relationship Of

BACKGROUND: Sarcoptes scabiei mites have more than 15 genetically diverse varieties from various hosts. Identification of S. scabiei mite varieties hominis as an intervention in its prevention is still rarely done. AIM: This study aimed to observe the genetic relationship of the mite S. scabiei varieties hominis compare to the parasite S. scabiei varieties hominis in other regions. METHODS: This research used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing methods with 16S gene-specific primers. From 32 S. scabiei samples, 22 samples were identified as varieties hominis that was marked by the appearance of the band at 132 bp. RESULTS: S. scabiei mites hominis varieties from South Sumatra (Yessi Scabies A2 and Yessi Scabies B3) have similarities with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) strands with S. scabiei hominis varieties from China (KJ781377 and KJ781376). In contrast, Yessi Scabies A1 has similarities with DNA strands with mite S. scabiei varieties hominis from Australia (AY493402). Still, all the DNA strands, this research is different from S. scabiei mites DNA strands hominis from Panama and Pakistan. CONCLUSION: The PCR method is advantageous and specific in identifying mites S. scabiei hominis varieties, the cause of scabies in humans.

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