scholarly journals Individual Human Life Morality of Vethathiri Maharishi

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-65
Author(s):  
Sivanantham D
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Human Life ◽  
National Development ◽  
The State ◽  
World Peace ◽  
Human Race ◽  
Tamil Literature ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Human

From the beginning of the Human race to the present day there has been need to guide the lives of huaman beings. The main reason for this is that man suffers from material attraction  and perceptual giddiness. So in every age Scholars, Sages, and Saints have appeared and guided human life to be better and happier. Vethathiri Maharishi, the great philosopher who emerged in the twentieth century in that way  and led man to move in the state of knowledge and to live in peace and pleasure. Vethathri Maharishi has given lot of books to the Tamil literature world based on the lofty idea that world peace created through individual human peace. Among them the Gnanak kalanjiyam is a notable book which Published in two volumes, the book contains 1854 songs. This  article examines the virtues mentioned  by vethathiri maharishi  under the rhetoric of virtue in his book as  the  main virtues that every individual man should follow in his life as the development Gnanak kalanjiyam of the individual who is the foundation  of the society as the cause of social and  national development.

scholarly journals Goethe’s contribution to philosophy: the morphology of individuality

SATS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-52
Author(s):  
Steen Brock
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Chronological Order ◽  
Cultural Formation ◽  
Nature And Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Natural Child ◽  
Individual Human

Abstract In this essay, I will discuss a variety of considerations that Goethe expressed in his writings. I will with few exceptions address these writings in chronological order. I include both literary and scientific-philosophical works. In this way I hope to show that a certain theme is at the heart of Goethe’s thinking, and that Goethe’s later works expresses a sophisticated and “deep” account of this theme. In addition, I will try to explain how one can ascribe this Goethean theme to major philosophers of the twentieth century – Cassirer, Merleau-Ponty, and Wittgenstein. The theme in question concerns the individuality of a human life in a metaphysical sense, characterizing the individual as situated “in between” Nature and Culture. By being both a child of Nature and a child of Culture, the fate of individuals is the transformation of previously given human concerns and practices. There never is a natural child nor a cultural formation securing human individuality. In Goethe’s words: The history of an individual human being is the individual human being. “Die Geschichte der Wissenschaft ist die Wissenschaft selbst, die Geschichte des Individuums, das Individuum”. See Hamacher (2010, 182). Hamacher’s book has been a major source for me!

scholarly journals The theological significance of the state in the thought of Paul Tillich and Arnold van Ruler

2004 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hodnett
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Kingdom Of God ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Paul Tillich ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
The Individual

This article looks at the importance of the state in the theologies of Paul Tillich and Arnold van Ruler. The state is the community in which both the individual and the community are actualised. It is also the institution that organises the life of the nation. The orientation of the state has a direct impact on the direction of human life. The state is the centre of power and justice in reality; it is the political core of history. The state also has the power to actualise itself according to the justice that it posits and in this process love is embedded as the ultimate criterion of justice. Love, power and justice are intimately related to the kingdom of God. The state, even the pagan state, thus performs the reuniting and saving work of God on earth.

Nechung: a Modern Parallel to the Delphic Oracle?

1989 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Arnott
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Human Experience ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
The State ◽  
Reliable Information ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Dalai Lama ◽  
Religious Background ◽  
Northern India ◽  
The Individual

The definitive study of the Delphic Oracle by H. W. Parke and D. E. W. Wormell published over thirty years ago assembled all the information then known about it and discussed the various theories both ancient and modern about its operation where reliable information was lacking. In the presentation and evaluation of these theories, however, Parke and Wormell take no account of the methods and practices of state oracles in other cultures, even though such oracles may still be functioning today at the end of the twentieth century and so be able to provide contemporary and authenticated evidence of their workings, power and credibility. In Tibet, for instance, the State Oracle has a history going back over 800 years. It was originally sited at the monastery of Nechung (‘Small Place’) some four miles west of Lhasa, operating there until the Chinese annexation of Tibet in the 1950's, when the monk who acted as the mouthpiece of the oracle followed the Dalai Lama in his flight to northern India. The Tibetan State Oracle now functions in exile at Dharamsala in Himachal Pradesh some 250 miles north of Delhi. Its operations show some striking similarities to those attested for Delphi, and although the distances in time and space (not to mention the differences in cultural and religious background) obviously preclude any links between Nechung and Delphi other than those of common human experience and psychology, the parallels may at times help to shed some illumination on a few darker or confused areas in our knowledge of Delphic practice. Analogy admittedly is not argument, and the individual reader must judge for himself the applicability of the evidence.

Gloria's Story and Guatemala's Faith: Adulterous Concubinage, Law, and Religion

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 441-446
Author(s):  
M. C. Mirow
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Unintended Consequence ◽  
The State ◽  
Law And Society ◽  
Critical Perspective ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Institutional Forces ◽  
The Individual

John Wertheimer, the author of “Gloria's Story,” has produced a complex and absorbing text that skillfully guides the reader through the microhistory of Gloria's concubinage to an enhanced appreciation of the greater legal, social, and institutional forces at play in mid-twentieth century Guatemala. Using Gloria's story to shift into more general observations about law and society in Guatemala, Wertheimer states that laws can “affect behavior by establishing incentives and disincentives for different types of action and by reinforcing or undermining different values.” Wertheimer reads the legal records involving Gloria and her family to write her story from the dominant critical perspective of gender and class. He notes the way in which class distinctions played into the creation and maintenance of concubinages and the manner in which gender stereotypes bolstered such institutions. It is all exacting yet comfortable stuff for us to read. “Yes, yes, of course, exactly” we nod as we read of the individual and institutional gendered oppression meted out on Gloria and her children by Julio and the state. Nonetheless, Wertheimer's analysis delves deeper: Gloria may have gained in status and stability through her concubinage, and liberal reforms such as decriminalizing adultery and casting out distinctions between legitimate and illegitimate children may have had the unintended consequence of strengthening the institution of adulterous concubinage.

International Criminal Law

1985 ◽  
Vol 20 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 206-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoram Dinstein
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Legal System ◽  
The State ◽  
International Criminal Law ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Corporate Entity ◽  
The Veil ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Human

The individual human being is manifestly the object of every legal system on this planet, and consequently also of international law. The ordinary subject of international law is the international corporate entity: first and foremost (though not exclusively) the State. Yet, the corporate entity is not a tangible res that exists in reality, but an abstract notion, moulded through legal manipulation by and within the ambit of a superior legal system. When the veil is pierced, one can see that behind the legal personality of the State (or any other international corporate entity) there are natural persons: flesh-and-blood human beings. In the final analysis, Westlake was indubitably right when he stated: The duties and rights of States are only the duties and rights of the men who compose them.That is to say, in actuality, the international rights and duties of States devolve on human beings, albeit indirectly and collectively. In other words, the individual human being is not merely the object of international law, but indirectly also its subject, notwithstanding the fact that, ostensibly, the subject is the international corporate entity.

scholarly journals Organizational influence of personality self-development on formation competences of the graduate of the first (bachelor) level of higher education (field of knowledge 08 "Law", specialty 081 "Law")

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
Self Development ◽  
Individual Existence ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Economic Formation

The article states that the challenges of time require the training of future lawyers at a high level; today, there are many normative documents regulating the solution of this problem; in particular, it says that the specialty 081 "Law" results of study should be correlated with the competences of the graduate and are given the following list: integral competence, general competences, special (specialty, subject) competencies; current trends in the development of education indicate a constant complication of the content of education and raising the level of educational standards; the development of the idea of self-development of personality is relevant today; the problem of creative self-development was covered in the scientific works of numerous scientists of different fields; self-development is at the same time a continuous process of development and improvement of the individual and a condition of personal maturity, one of the most necessary human needs, a condition and guarantee of his freedom; self-development of personality always belonged to a range of problems that determined the essence of any socio-economic formation; for an individual, self-development emerges as a problem from the time when he feels not only an integral part of society, but also realizes his individuality in the process of relations with others through the exchange of essential forces, ie feelings, emotions, skills, knowledge, needs, abilities ; for society, self-development of personality begins to play a truly positive role if it realizes the value, uniqueness of each individual and begins to use its essential powers; to the twentieth century. personality self-development was not regarded as a separate issue of theory, but was always among the problems that determined the essence of each socio-economic formation; Socrates created the concept of personality, according to which a person, regardless of origin, is able to constantly develop due to its potential; Plato believed that the social nature of man is imperfect, its constituents contradictory, which leads to the imbalance of individual existence; Aristotle shared Plato's position; medieval philosophy solved the problem of individual existence, spiritual self-absorption and free will in the doctrine of the salvation of the soul; it is worth noting the teachings of Augustine; new views on the existence of society and its relationship with the individual suggested the Renaissance: in essence, man is a creation of God, but at the same time it is likened to God; at the end of XVIII - beginning of XX centuries. there are two main approaches to the study of the problem of personality self-development; among the researchers of the twentieth century. a special place belongs to the representative of the humanistic philosophy A. Maslow and his work "Self-actualization", which contained a detailed analysis of the developments made at that time; more or less active development of the problem of self-development in the former USSR began relatively recently (in the last quarter of the twentieth century) and covered at that time the issues of the essential forces of man and the conditions of their most effective use, in particular in the sphere of culture; in modern domestic humanistic science, the most significant developments in the problem of self-development of the person include the study of questions about the sources, motive forces and contradictions of the process of self-development; therefore, a historical excursion into the problem of self-development of a person testifies to the peculiarity of his thinking in different periods of society; therefore, the analysis shows that in all socio-economic formations, the problem of self-development of the individual was one of the most important elements of human life, and at the same time one of the main social problems, since it determines the relationship of the individual and society, the role and place of the individual in society.

scholarly journals Yevhen Malaniuk as a founder of the Ukrainian literary myth of the XX century

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Olha Slon'ovska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
The State ◽  
Civic Consciousness ◽  
National Anthem ◽  
The Past ◽  
Historical Figures ◽  
Political Myth ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Literary Myth

Myths are regarded as the metaphysical engines of the national progress, a specific code-program for the state development, as a vector of the individual mission of an individual nation. In general, the ideological and political myths of national states are metaphorically derived primarily from their national anthems. The anthem is a kind of vaccine against assimilation and is effectively delivered to educate the younger generation in the spirit of civic consciousness. Decadent (frustration) myths destroy the national idea, vitaistic and consolidating myths inspire, compact and unite any nation. The National Anthem, as the primary literary formulation of the national idea, gives impetus to the constant creation by the writers of the myth of the state and the nation as a specific phenomenon at the artistic level. The literary myths of stateless peoples are always preceded by the emergence of their own ideological and political myths as well. Among the most talented passionaries of every «incomplete» nation, there must be a talented philosopher or politician who will be able to verbally formulate the idea of a new ideological-political myth, which will be based on a national idea. Similarly, in the nineteenth century the ideological-political myth for Ukrainians was «Law of God (Book of Being of the Ukrainian People)» by M. Kostomarov. It is natural that this philosophical and propaganda work had a great influence on Kobzar and led to the creation of the literary myth of Ukraine by our national poet-genius, T. Shevchenko. The beginning of the twentieth century for the Ukrainians was marked by the tragic fall of the young state of the UNR. The nation had to start all over again in order to endure. There was a need for a new ideological and political myth of Ukraine of the twentieth century. It was created by Ye. Malaniuk with his own essays about the most talented Ukrainian politicians, including B. Khmelnitskyi and I. Mazepa, as well as M. Hrushevskyi and S. Petliura. In his essays on the past of Ukraine Ye. Malaniuk not only wrote about biographies of bright historical figures, but above all analyzed Ukrainian national victories and tragedies, logically argued mistakes and losses of our nation’s leaders, considered the issues of «his» and «alien», determined a peculiar «doctrine», submitted in a wide typre of «enemy face» of the Ukrainian statehood. Ye. Malaniuk also analyzed the positive and negative features of the Ukrainian mentality, aptly raised the question of passion, foresighted the stages of becoming the future of Ukraine as a sovereign nation-state at the end of the twentieth century. On the basis of his own ideological and political myth, the poet started to create the literary consolidating myth of Ukraine. His initiative was taken by contemporaries of the artist – the most talented writers-modernists of the Ukrainian diaspora of the twentieth century. The concept of the literary myth of Ukraine has been considered by the researcher Olha Slon’ovska; the significant role played by Ye. Malaniuk as a poet and essay writer in creating the literary myth has been revealed.

scholarly journals ДЕЯКІ СУЧАСНІ АСПЕКТИ УЧАСТІ ДЕРЖАВ У РОЗГЛЯДІ СПРАВ ЩОДО СПАДКУВАННЯ ЗА ЗАКОНОМ

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 321-328
Author(s):  
Р. Ф. Гонгало
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Private Law ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
The Individual

Насамперед йдеться про те, що питання про визнання спадщини відумерлою вирі­шується не за фактом відсутності (нез'явлення, усунення, відмови, неприйняття) спад­коємців, а за рішенням суду. Цивільне законодавство України щодо регулювання відно­син спадкування за участю держави характеризується принципово новими підходами, що відповідають загальному духу цивільного права у забезпеченні автономії особистості та невтручання держави у сферу приватноправового життя людини та суспільства.   First of all it is about the fact that the issue of recognition of the inheritance escheated not decided upon the lack of (non-appearance, elimination, failure, rejection) heirs, and by court. The civil legislation of Ukraine concerning the regulation of relations with the state inheritance characterized fundamentally new approaches, appropriate to the general spirit of civil law to ensure the autonomy of the individual and non-interference in the sphere of private law of human life and society.

scholarly journals The Spanish Counter-Enlightenment: an Overview, 1774–1814

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 504-537
Author(s):  
Carolina Armenteros
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Thought ◽  
The State ◽  
General Overview ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

At once neglected and deeply controversial, the Spanish Counter- Enlightenment is crucial to understanding the development of Spanish politics and social thought until at least the mid-twentieth century. From Marcelino Menéndez Pelayo’s praise to Javier Herrero’s denigration to the more balanced assessments of present-day scholars, the movement continues to be a source of debate and varying evaluations. Still, key aspects of it remain to be known, including its anthropology, its approach to Enlightened political concepts, its inheritance from Salamanca scholastics and its ideas on interiority and the relationship between the individual and the state. This paper defines these aspects by examining the works of five of the Spanish Counter-Enlightenment’s major representatives: Fernando de Ceballos y Mier, (1732–1802), Vicente Fernández de Valcarce (1723–98), Lorenzo Hervás y Panduro (1735–1809), Francisco Alvarado (1756–1814) and Rafael de Vélez (1777–1850). The first aim is to identify what made the Spanish Counter- Enlightenment unique yet related to the French Counter-Enlightenment that nurtured and preceded it. The second aim is to provide a general overview of the movement even while introducing it to an Englishspeaking audience for the first time.

Surveillance, Conspiracy, and the Nanny State

Security ◽  
2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Personal Security ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Individual Citizen ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Totalitarian Regimes

This chapter argues that the provision of security is not only an act of care but also an expression of power. And power is always something that stands to be abused. Agencies of twentieth-century totalitarian regimes consistently and explicitly claimed to maintain security by inculcating insecurity among the masses. The perverse logic is that fear alone sustains the need for security, which consequently legitimizes the state's existence. This logic has at least two alternative results. On the one hand, the care for the individual citizen has simply been converted to the care for the state. Here, security is a dehumanizing project that shifts all concern to a realm well beyond the human. On the other hand, precisely by promulgating fear among the populace, such projects also inadvertently humanize. Stripped of personal security—deprived of the privation of concern—the subjects of these regimes are left with nothing more and nothing greater than the capacity to care.

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