Counter-detection activities of criminal groups aimed at limiting the effectiveness of operational and procedural control and interception of conversations

2017 ◽  
Vol 297 ◽  
pp. 72-78
Author(s):  
Paweł Łabuz ◽  
◽  
Tomasz Safjański ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Operational Control ◽  
Main Area ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Criminal Organizations ◽  
Procedural Control ◽  
Criminal Groups

The article presents the essential aspects of tactics and techniques applied by criminals with an aim to reduce the effectiveness of procedural eavesdropping and operational control. The most significant methods of protecting criminal correspondence were characterized. The above issues are exceptionally complicated, owing to the specifics of the activities to be discussed. To date, counter-detection activities of criminal organizations have not been within the main area of interest for forensics. The article highlights the benefits resulting from the knowledge of criminal tactics and techniques used to ensure the confidentiality of correspondence, in particular, in view of the ongoing legislative work pertaining to prosecutorial control exerted over operational and exploratory activities.

Counter-detection activities of criminal organizations aimed at reducing the effectiveness of surveillance conducted as part of operational activities

2017 ◽  
Vol 298 ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
Paweł Łabuz ◽  
◽  
Tomasz Safjański ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Main Area ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Criminal Organizations ◽  
Comprehensive Knowledge ◽  
Operational Activities

The article presents the essential aspects of tactics and techniques applied by criminals with an aim to reduce the effectiveness of surveillance conducted as part of operational activities. The possible actions adopted by criminals with the purpose of preventing surveilling authorities from detecting their activities are characterized. The above issues are exceptionally complicated, owing to the specifics of the activities to be discussed. To date, counter-detection activities of criminal organizations have not been within the main area of interest for forensics. This article points out the advantage of having comprehensive knowledge of criminal tactics and techniques used in this field.

scholarly journals The Right to Strike in the Education Sector in Light of Constitutional Provisions and International Legal Obligations

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-138
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Bocheńska
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Education Sector ◽  
Main Area ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Current State ◽  
Legal Obligations ◽  
The Right

The main area of interest of this paper focuses on the right to strike in public education sector. All the possibilities of limiting the right to strike in this public sector needs to be verified in the context of constitutional provisions and international legal obligations binding the legislator. The possibility of “including” teachers in the Civil Service Corps is being considered in this paper. Under the current state of law, there are no grounds to restrict or prohibit the right to strike in the education sector. The potential subordination of teachers to the rigours binding the Civil Service Corps would require far-reaching adjustments within this institution, stemming from the constitutional provisions that would necessitate these changes.

Killing in the Slums: Social Order, Criminal Governance, and Police Violence in Rio de Janeiro

2020 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 552-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
BEATRIZ MAGALONI ◽  
EDGAR FRANCO-VIVANCO ◽  
VANESSA MELO
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Text Analysis ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Police Violence ◽  
Multimethod Research ◽  
Criminal Organizations ◽  
Automated Text Analysis ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Criminal Groups ◽  
State Interventions

State interventions against organized criminal groups (OCGs) sometimes work to improve security, but often exacerbate violence. To understand why, this article offers a theory about criminal governance in five types of criminal regimes—Insurgent, Bandit, Symbiotic, Predatory, and Split. These differ according to whether criminal groups confront or collude with state actors, abuse or cooperate with the community, and hold a monopoly or contest territory with rival OCGs. Police interventions in these criminal regimes pose different challenges and are associated with markedly different local security outcomes. We provide evidence of this theory by using a multimethod research design combining quasi-experimental statistical analyses, automated text analysis, extensive qualitative research, and a large-N survey in the context of Rio de Janeiro’s “Pacifying Police Units” (UPPs), which sought to reclaim control of the favelas from criminal organizations.

High-Profile Criminal Violence: Why Drug Cartels Murder Government Officials and Party Candidates in Mexico

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Guillermo Trejo ◽  
Sandra Ley
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Political Polarization ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Criminal Violence ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Political Opportunities ◽  
Criminal Organizations ◽  
Drug Cartels ◽  
Criminal Groups

AbstractThis article explains a surprising wave of lethal attacks by drug cartels against hundreds of local elected officials and party candidates in Mexico, 2007–2012. These attacks are puzzling because criminal organizations tend to prefer the secrecy of bribery over the publicity of political murder. Scholars suggest that war drives armed actors to attack state authorities in search of protection or rents. Using original data on high-profile attacks in Mexico, the authors show that war need arguments underexplain violence. Focusing on political opportunities, they suggest that cartels use attacks to establish criminal governance regimes and conquer local governments, populations and territories. The study presents quantitative and qualitative evidence showing that cartels took advantage of Mexico's political polarization and targeted subnational authorities who were unprotected by their federal partisan rivals. Cartels intensified attacks during subnational election cycles to capture incoming governments and targeted geographically adjacent municipalities to establish control over large territories. The findings reveal how cartels take cues from the political environment to develop their own de facto political domains through high-profile violence. These results question the widely shared assumption that organized criminal groups are apolitical actors.

scholarly journals The convergence of environmental crime with other serious crimes: Subtypes within the environmental crime continuum

2020 ◽  
pp. 147737082090458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daan P. van Uhm ◽  
Rick C.C. Nijman
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Environmental Crime ◽  
Cluster Solution ◽  
Illegal Trade ◽  
Tropical Timber ◽  
Criminal Organizations ◽  
Organized Crime Groups ◽  
Criminal Groups ◽  
High Degree

The rising global scarcity of natural resources increasingly attracts transnational criminal organizations. Organized crime syndicates diversify into the lucrative business of tropical timber, endangered species, and natural minerals, alongside their traditional activities. The developing interconnectedness between environmental crime and other serious crimes shows that traditional lines of separation are no longer appropriate for understanding and dealing with the increasing complexities of organized crime. Therefore, this article aims to analyse the nexus between environmental crime and other serious crimes through cluster analyses to identify subtypes of organized crime groups that have diversified into the illegal trade in natural resources. The two-step cluster algorithm found a cluster solution with three distinct clusters of subtypes of criminal groups that diversified into the illegal trade in natural resources in various ways: first, the Green Organized Crime cluster, with a high degree of diversification and domination; second, the Green Opportunistic Crime cluster, with flexible and fluid groups that partially diversify their criminal activities; and, third, the low-level diversifiers of the Green Camouflaged Crime cluster, shadowing their illegal businesses with legitimate companies. The three clusters can be related to specific stages within the environmental crime continuum, albeit with nuances.

scholarly journals Od Óneiros do Hablika – o wolności tworzenia w refleksji kompozytorskie

2019 ◽  
pp. 161-172
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Szymańska-Stułka
Keyword(s):  
Current Situation ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Main Area ◽  
Artistic Process ◽  
Artistic Activity ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Artistic Freedom ◽  
The Subject ◽  
General Aspects

This paper discusses the subject of the composer’s identity and freedom of creating today. One hundred years of independence changed mentality and sensibility of the nation. During this period, many events happened and reality, which is changing constantly and dynamically, transforms our way of feeling, reasoning and approach to creating. How do we perceive artistic activity today at the beginning of the new century of independence? How we see our identity as creators and researchers of music? How we define and feel ar-tistic freedom now? The above aspects constitute the main area of interest in my research directed to the current situation in music and composers’ motivations to create music today. I was wondering what composers think and how they relate their creative activeness to the categories of artistic freedom, identity and inspirations. I chose general aspects of the topic and accepted them as the basis for research. Then I formulated questions based on them and posed to composers. I decided to ask selected representatives of the young generation of composers, who grew on the threshold of free Poland in the early 90s. The questions were as follows: what is our reaction to changes in reality and awareness of these changes in creation, how we think today in the post digital and highly performative reality? How we experience its impact on the artistic process? What we are looking for, whether the slogan “everything has already been discovered” still makes sense? What affects us the most, what is the motivator for our artistic activity? Direct conversations brought an interesting result. One of them, concerning the composer’s activity of Dariusz Przybylski, I present in the following paper.

Talent as an element of the potential of the XXI century organization

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-111
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Górka-Chowaniec ◽  
Olimpia Grabiec
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Succession Planning ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Human Resources Management ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Main Area ◽  
Foreign Literature ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Is Management ◽  
Research Questions

Among contemporary scientific areas, considerations regarding the specifics of entities’ functioning and human resources management are becoming increasingly impor¬tant as the management of particularly talented employees, above-average units referred to as talents. So what is talent? How to effectively manage talents in contemporary organiza¬tions? The above conditions encouraged the author to try to answer the above-mentioned research questions. The study, presenting in its essence the review character, attempts to show talent as an important element of the modern organization. Within the framework of such a defined goal, the essence of talent was presented, taking into account the diversity of definitions. These considerations were also used to show selected models of talent manage¬ment in the organization. The author’s model of the talent succession planning process is presented later in the author’s opinion as one of the determinants of competitive advanta¬ge of entities in contemporary markets. These considerations were carried out taking into account the latest national and foreign literature in the field of management sciences. The recommendations formulated in the available reports of the organization, whose main area of interest is management of talented units, were also used. The article may be a contribution to further discussion and empirical activity in the area of discussed issues.

scholarly journals Organizational Turning Points: The Transformation of the Almighty Latin King and Queen Nation in New York City

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-168
Author(s):  
Luca Berardi ◽  
Sandra Bucerius
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Turning Points ◽  
Criminal Careers ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Criminal Organizations ◽  
Criminal Groups ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Over Time

Sociologists and criminologists have relied on the concept of “turning points” to map individual criminal careers over the life course. Similar to individuals, criminal organizations undergo drastic changes that influence their trajectory over time and space. Using the case of the Almighty Latin King and Queen Nation (ALKQN) in New York City, we introduce the concept of “organizational turning points” to explain the group’s evolution through various legitimate and illegitimate forms. Bringing together conceptual lenses from literature on organizational change, culture and cognition, and criminology, we demonstrate that street gangs can be complex and fluid organisms that change over time and space. Identifying and recognizing organizational turning points in criminal groups can have important implications for scholars and practitioners alike.

scholarly journals The Old Rules No Longer Apply: Explaining Narco-Assassinations of Mexican Politicians

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Ross Blume
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Political Competition ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Criminal Violence ◽  
Criminal Organizations ◽  
Standing Up ◽  
Persistent Pattern ◽  
New Type ◽  
Failure To Protect ◽  
Criminal Groups

Between 2005 and 2015, organized criminal groups murdered 209 politicians in Mexico. This paper explains why. It argues that the two interwoven trends of political and criminal pluralization in Mexico fostered the conditions for a new type of criminal violence against politicians. Mexican politicians are now targeted for accepting illicit money as well as for standing up to criminals. Moreover, this violence is evidence of an alarming and persistent pattern in Mexico of politicians enlisting criminal organizations to eliminate their political competition. Using a zero-inflated negative binomial model, this paper shows there is a strong statistical relationship between the increase in assassinations and the increases in political pluralization and criminal fragmentation. The article concludes that the failure to protect local public officials creates greater opportunities for the emergence of subnational authoritarian enclaves and threatens democratic consolidation.

Informally Governing Information: How Criminal Rivalry Leads to Violence against the Press in Mexico

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 1095-1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley E. Holland ◽  
Viridiana Rios
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Press Coverage ◽  
Popular Belief ◽  
Control Information ◽  
Criminal Organizations ◽  
The Press ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Criminal Groups ◽  
Level Analysis

A well-functioning press is crucial for sustaining a healthy democracy. While attacks on journalists occur regularly in many developing countries, previous work has largely ignored where and why journalists are attacked. Focusing on violence by criminal organizations (COs) in Mexico, we offer the first systematic, micro-level analysis of the conditions under which journalists are more likely to be violently targeted. Contrary to popular belief, our evidence reveals that the presence of large, profitable COs does not necessarily lead to fatal attacks against the press. Rather, the likelihood of journalists being killed only increases when rival criminal groups inhabit territories. Rivalry inhibits COs’ ability to control information leaks to the press, instead creating incentives for such leaks to be used as weapons to intensify official enforcement operations against rivals. Without the capacity to informally govern press content, rival criminals affected by such press coverage are more likely to target journalists.

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