EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF GEROPROTECTIVE AND ANTI-AGING EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OF PORTULACA OLERACEA L. (REVIEW)

2021 ◽  
pp. 715-720
Author(s):  
М.А. Березуцкий ◽  
Н.А. Дурнова ◽  
А.С. Шереметьева ◽  
У.А. Матвиенко ◽  
М.Н. Курчатова
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Portulaca Oleracea ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Regular Consumption ◽  
Parkinson’S Diseases

Анализ представленных в обзоре публикаций свидетельствует о том, что экстракт Portulaca oleracea L., а также отдельные его компоненты (полисахариды, олераконы, алкалоид тетрагидроизохинолина - олерацеин Е) способны увеличивать продолжительность жизни лабораторных животных, активировать теломеразу и увеличивать длину теломер, оказывать антиоксидантное и антиостеокластогенное воздействие. Различные нейропротекторные эффекты (улучшение памяти и способности к обучению, ингибирование ацетилхолинэстеразы, защита дофаминергических нейронов, улучшение двигательных функций и другие) представляют интерес для профилактики синдромов, связанных с возрастной деградацией нервной системы, - болезней Альцгеймера и Паркинсона. Кроме того, регулярное употребление портулака огородного в пищу приводит к снижению онкологической и сердечнососудистой заболеваемости, что также напрямую влияет на увеличение средней продолжительности жизни населения. The analysis presented in the review of publications shows that extract of Portulaca oleracea L. or its individual components (polysaccharides, oleracea, alkaloids tetrahydroisoquinoline operatein E) is able to increase the lifespan of laboratory animals to activate telomerase and increase telomere length, and provide antioxidant and antistaatiline impact. Various neuroprotective effects (improvement of memory and learning ability, inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, protection of dopaminergic neurons, improvement of motor functions, etc.) are of interest for the prevention of syndromes associated with age - related degradation of the nervous system - Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. In addition, regular consumption of vegetable portulaca in food leads to a decrease in the percentage of cancer and cardiovascular diseases, which also directly affects the increase in the average life expectancy of the population.

scholarly journals The Biology and Pathobiology of Glutamatergic, Cholinergic, and Dopaminergic Signaling in the Aging Brain

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Gasiorowska ◽  
Malgorzata Wydrych ◽  
Patrycja Drapich ◽  
Maciej Zadrozny ◽  
Marta Steczkowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Aging Brain ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Parkinson’S Diseases ◽  
The Brain

The elderly population is growing worldwide, with important health and socioeconomic implications. Clinical and experimental studies on aging have uncovered numerous changes in the brain, such as decreased neurogenesis, increased synaptic defects, greater metabolic stress, and enhanced inflammation. These changes are associated with cognitive decline and neurobehavioral deficits. Although aging is not a disease, it is a significant risk factor for functional worsening, affective impairment, disease exaggeration, dementia, and general disease susceptibility. Conversely, life events related to mental stress and trauma can also lead to accelerated age-associated disorders and dementia. Here, we review human studies and studies on mice and rats, such as those modeling human neurodegenerative diseases, that have helped elucidate (1) the dynamics and mechanisms underlying the biological and pathological aging of the main projecting systems in the brain (glutamatergic, cholinergic, and dopaminergic) and (2) the effect of defective glutamatergic, cholinergic, and dopaminergic projection on disabilities associated with aging and neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Detailed knowledge of the mechanisms of age-related diseases can be an important element in the development of effective ways of treatment. In this context, we briefly analyze which adverse changes associated with neurodegenerative diseases in the cholinergic, glutaminergic and dopaminergic systems could be targeted by therapeutic strategies developed as a result of our better understanding of these damaging mechanisms.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOXICOLOGICAL TOLERANCE TO ISONIAZID IN EXPERIMENT

2017 ◽  
pp. 2-11
Author(s):  
K. I. Usov ◽  
T. A. Guskova ◽  
G. G. Jushkov ◽  
A. V. Mashanov ◽  
V. V. Igumenshcheva
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Tolerance Development

Results of experimental studies are reported that made it possible to establish decrease in sensitivity and the development of toxicological tolerance (addiction) to the anti-tuberculosis drug “Isoniazid” repeatedly administered to laboratory animals in toxic doses and to determine growth rate of the toxicological tolerance development, maximum and average life expectancy, severity of seizures .

scholarly journals Neuroprotective expression of turmeric and curcumin

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 2366-2381
Author(s):  
S. Abbas ◽  
M.S. Latif ◽  
N.S. Shafie ◽  
M.I. Ghazali ◽  
F. Kormin
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Permanent Cure ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is extensively used as a spice and a coloring agent in Southeast Asia. Turmeric is used as a traditional remedy for cough, diabetic wounds, hepatic disorders, and rheumatism due to its antiseptic, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties. Since the last few decades, extensive work has been done on turmeric and its constituents to explore its pharmacological actions. Curcumin is the main constituent of turmeric and is well demonstrated for its anti-inflammatory, hypoglycaemic, antioxidant, wound-healing, and antimicrobial activities. The functional neurons of the brain and synapses are lost in neurodegenerative disorders for which there is no permanent cure. Oxidative damage and inflammation play a role in age-related neurological disorders. The antioxidants have the ability to prevent different neurological disorders. Recent studies have shown that both turmeric and curcumin possess neuroprotective and cognitiveenhancing properties that help to prevent neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson’s disease. Different experimental studies have indicated the antioxidant and anti-ageing properties of turmeric and curcumin. Various studies have shown that curcumin acts as a strong barrier against neurological disorders and, hence, it may be a potential drug candidate for the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this review was to present the current pieces of evidence in the literature regarding the neuroprotective effects of turmeric and curcumin.

Activity Engagement in Cognitive Aging: A Review of the Evidence

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Rogalski ◽  
Muriel Quintana
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Activity Engagement ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Cognitive Decline

The population of older adults is rapidly increasing, as is the number and type of products and interventions proposed to prevent or reduce the risk of age-related cognitive decline. Advocacy and prevention are part of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association’s (ASHA’s) scope of practice documents, and speech-language pathologists must have basic awareness of the evidence contributing to healthy cognitive aging. In this article, we provide a brief overview outlining the evidence on activity engagement and its effects on cognition in older adults. We explore the current evidence around the activities of eating and drinking with a discussion on the potential benefits of omega-3 fatty acids, polyphenols, alcohol, and coffee. We investigate the evidence on the hypothesized neuroprotective effects of social activity, the evidence on computerized cognitive training, and the emerging behavioral and neuroimaging evidence on physical activity. We conclude that actively aging using a combination of several strategies may be our best line of defense against cognitive decline.

Actual issues of hygienic regulation and creation of safe working conditions at pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 640-644
Author(s):  
Vadim M. Vasilkevich ◽  
Ruslan V. Bogdanov ◽  
Elena V. Drozdova
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
Safe Working

Introduction. The working conditions of pharmaceutical industry workers are characterized by the combined effect of unfavorable factors of the production environment, among which the leading one is chemical. The aim of study is to substantiate the basic principles and criteria for hygienic regulation of pharmaceutical products in their production to ensure safe working conditions for employees based on the results of their own research and existing requirements of technical regulations. Materials and methods. Analysis of working conditions and the prevalence of health disorders in pharmaceutical workers (according to literature data), toxicological studies of pharmaceutical substances on laboratory animals, scientific justification of hygiene standards in the air of the working area. Results. Among employees of the pharmaceutical industry, the predominant forms of production-related health disorders are diseases of the respiratory system, as well as skin dermatitis of allergic origin, liver and biliary tract diseases. Based on the results of experimental studies of domestic pharmaceutical products for the treatment of cardiovascular, oncological and mental diseases that have priority socio-economic significance, the basic principles and features of the practice of justifying the hygienic standards of medicines in the air of the working area are developed and systematized. Conclusions. During hygienic rationing of medicines, it is necessary to use a differentiated approach that allows, based on the analysis of information about the chemical structure, physical and chemical characteristics, production conditions, pharmacotherapeutic activity, and the results of studying the toxic effect in an experiment on laboratory animals, to determine the maximum permissible content in the air of the working area of medicines or to justify the prohibition of isolation with reasoned recommendations for their safe production.

scholarly journals Two human metabolites rescue a C. elegans model of Alzheimer’s disease via a cytosolic unfolded protein response

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Joshi ◽  
Michele Perni ◽  
Ryan Limbocker ◽  
Benedetta Mannini ◽  
Sam Casford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Unfolded Protein Response ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Unfolded Protein ◽  
Model Of Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Parkinson’S Diseases ◽  
Protein Response

AbstractAge-related changes in cellular metabolism can affect brain homeostasis, creating conditions that are permissive to the onset and progression of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Although the roles of metabolites have been extensively studied with regard to cellular signaling pathways, their effects on protein aggregation remain relatively unexplored. By computationally analysing the Human Metabolome Database, we identified two endogenous metabolites, carnosine and kynurenic acid, that inhibit the aggregation of the amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) and rescue a C. elegans model of Alzheimer’s disease. We found that these metabolites act by triggering a cytosolic unfolded protein response through the transcription factor HSF-1 and downstream chaperones HSP40/J-proteins DNJ-12 and DNJ-19. These results help rationalise previous observations regarding the possible anti-ageing benefits of these metabolites by providing a mechanism for their action. Taken together, our findings provide a link between metabolite homeostasis and protein homeostasis, which could inspire preventative interventions against neurodegenerative disorders.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Inorganic Mercury in Human Kidneys Suggests a Role for Toxic Metals in Essential Hypertension

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Roger Pamphlett ◽  
Philip A. Doble ◽  
David P. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Inorganic Mercury ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Human Kidney ◽  
Proximal Tubules ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Icp Ms

The kidney plays a dominant role in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension, but the initial pathogenic events in the kidney leading to hypertension are not known. Exposure to mercury has been linked to many diseases including hypertension in epidemiological and experimental studies, so we studied the distribution and prevalence of mercury in the human kidney. Paraffin sections of kidneys were available from 129 people ranging in age from 1 to 104 years who had forensic/coronial autopsies. One individual had injected himself with metallic mercury, the other 128 were from varied clinicopathological backgrounds without known exposure to mercury. Sections were stained for inorganic mercury using autometallography. Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) was used on six samples to confirm the presence of autometallography-detected mercury and to look for other toxic metals. In the 128 people without known mercury exposure, mercury was found in: (1) proximal tubules of the cortex and Henle thin loops of the medulla, in 25% of kidneys (and also in the man who injected himself with mercury), (2) proximal tubules only in 16% of kidneys, and (3) Henle thin loops only in 23% of kidneys. The age-related proportion of people who had any mercury in their kidney was 0% at 1–20 years, 66% at 21–40 years, 77% at 41–60 years, 84% at 61–80 years, and 64% at 81–104 years. LA-ICP-MS confirmed the presence of mercury in samples staining with autometallography and showed cadmium, lead, iron, nickel, and silver in some kidneys. In conclusion, mercury is found commonly in the adult human kidney, where it appears to accumulate in proximal tubules and Henle thin loops until an advanced age. Dysfunctions of both these cortical and medullary regions have been implicated in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension, so these findings suggest that further studies of the effects of mercury on blood pressure are warranted.

scholarly journals Strategies and cognitive reserve to preserve lexical production in aging

GeroScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Baciu ◽  
Sonja Banjac ◽  
Elise Roger ◽  
Célise Haldin ◽  
Marcela Perrone-Bertolotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Compensatory Strategies ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Complementary Domain

AbstractIn the absence of any neuropsychiatric condition, older adults may show declining performance in several cognitive processes and among them, in retrieving and producing words, reflected in slower responses and even reduced accuracy compared to younger adults. To overcome this difficulty, healthy older adults implement compensatory strategies, which are the focus of this paper. We provide a review of mainstream findings on deficient mechanisms and possible neurocognitive strategies used by older adults to overcome the deleterious effects of age on lexical production. Moreover, we present findings on genetic and lifestyle factors that might either be protective or risk factors of cognitive impairment in advanced age. We propose that “aging-modulating factors” (AMF) can be modified, offering prevention opportunities against aging effects. Based on our review and this proposition, we introduce an integrative neurocognitive model of mechanisms and compensatory strategies for lexical production in older adults (entitled Lexical Access and Retrieval in Aging, LARA). The main hypothesis defended in LARA is that cognitive aging evolves heterogeneously and involves complementary domain-general and domain-specific mechanisms, with substantial inter-individual variability, reflected at behavioral, cognitive, and brain levels. Furthermore, we argue that the ability to compensate for the effect of cognitive aging depends on the amount of reserve specific to each individual which is, in turn, modulated by the AMF. Our conclusion is that a variety of mechanisms and compensatory strategies coexist in the same individual to oppose the effect of age. The role of reserve is pivotal for a successful coping with age-related changes and future research should continue to explore the modulating role of AMF.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of Carotenoids in the Management of Diabetic Retinopathy

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2441
Author(s):  
Drake W. Lem ◽  
Dennis L. Gierhart ◽  
Pinakin Gunvant Davey
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Microvascular Disease ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Cell Degeneration ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Dietary Carotenoid

Diabetic retinopathy, which was primarily regarded as a microvascular disease, is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. With obesity at epidemic proportions, diabetes-related ocular problems are exponentially increasing in the developed world. Oxidative stress due to hyperglycemic states and its associated inflammation is one of the pathological mechanisms which leads to depletion of endogenous antioxidants in retina in a diabetic patient. This contributes to a cascade of events that finally leads to retinal neurodegeneration and irreversible vision loss. The xanthophylls lutein and zeaxanthin are known to promote retinal health, improve visual function in retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration that has oxidative damage central in its etiopathogenesis. Thus, it can be hypothesized that dietary supplements with xanthophylls that are potent antioxidants may regenerate the compromised antioxidant capacity as a consequence of the diabetic state, therefore ultimately promoting retinal health and visual improvement. We performed a comprehensive literature review of the National Library of Medicine and Web of Science databases, resulting in 341 publications meeting search criteria, of which, 18 were found eligible for inclusion in this review. Lutein and zeaxanthin demonstrated significant protection against capillary cell degeneration and hyperglycemia-induced changes in retinal vasculature. Observational studies indicate that depletion of xanthophyll carotenoids in the macula may represent a novel feature of DR, specifically in patients with type 2 or poorly managed type 1 diabetes. Meanwhile, early interventional trials with dietary carotenoid supplementation show promise in improving their levels in serum and macular pigments concomitant with benefits in visual performance. These findings provide a strong molecular basis and a line of evidence that suggests carotenoid vitamin therapy may offer enhanced neuroprotective effects with therapeutic potential to function as an adjunct nutraceutical strategy for management of diabetic retinopathy.

scholarly journals Lack of Autophagy Induction by Lithium Decreases Neuroprotective Effects in the Striatum of Aged Rats

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Angelica Jardim Costa ◽  
Adolfo Garcia Erustes ◽  
Rita Sinigaglia ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Neves Girardi ◽  
Gustavo José da Silva Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Autophagic Flux ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Striatal Slices ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Neuroprotective Strategy

The pharmacological modulation of autophagy is considered a promising neuroprotective strategy. While it has been postulated that lithium regulates this cellular process, the age-related effects have not been fully elucidated. Here, we evaluated lithium-mediated neuroprotective effects in young and aged striatum. After determining the optimal experimental conditions for inducing autophagy in loco with lithium carbonate (Li2CO3), we measured cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and oxygen consumption with rat brain striatal slices from young and aged animals. In the young striatum, Li2CO3 increased tissue viability and decreased ROS generation. These positive effects were accompanied by enhanced levels of LC3-II, LAMP 1, Ambra 1 and Beclin-1 expression. In the aged striatum, Li2CO3 reduced the autophagic flux and increased the basal oxygen consumption rate. Ultrastructural changes in the striatum of aged rats that consumed Li2CO3 for 30 days included electrondense mitochondria with disarranged cristae and reduced normal mitochondria and lysosomes area. Our data show that the striatum from younger animals benefits from lithium-mediated neuroprotection, while the striatum of older rats does not. These findings should be considered when developing neuroprotective strategies involving the induction of autophagy in aging.

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