scholarly journals Association between the second-to-fourth digit (2D:4D) ratio and myopia in medical students of the Medical Faculty of the Jenderal Soedirman University

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dzicky Rifqi Fuady ◽  
Fitranto Arjadi ◽  
Joko Mulyanto ◽  
Lantip Rujito ◽  
M. Rifqy Setyanto
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Medical Faculty ◽  
The Other ◽  
Digit Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fourth Digit ◽  
Eye Problems ◽  
Hormonal Mechanism ◽  
Computer Based

Refractive error is one of the biggest eye problems in young people. The most prevalent Refractive error, myopia, is continuously increased. The myopia degree impact results in serious eye complication. Current studies report that myopia is associated with genetic and hormonal mechanism. Second to Fourth-Digit Ratio (2D:4D) on the other hand, has been reported as having a relationship with genetic and hormonal mechanism. The study was aimed to observe association between Second to Fourth-Digit Ratio (2D:4D) and myopia cases in medical students of Medical Faculty of Jenderal Soedirman University. This was a quantitative observational analytic research with cross sectional approach. One hundred students, divided into myopia and emmetropia group, was recruited for the study. Digit measurement was done using a computer-based method by two independent observers, whereas eye refraction test was conducted by an independent Refractionist. Independent t-test on 2D:4D ratio showed no difference in values (p>0,05) between myopia and emmetropia group. As conclusion, study reported that there was no significant association between second to fourth-digit ratio (2D:4D) with myopia cases in medical students of Medical Faculty of Jenderal Soedirman University.

scholarly journals Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Knowledge among University Students

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shahid Iqbal ◽  
Salah-Ud-Din Khan ◽  
Eldowaik Mohamed Salah Saad ◽  
Muhammad Zahid Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Social Science ◽  
University Students ◽  
Healthcare Provider ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the knowledge of ALS among students in a university in Malaysia. Methods: A cross-sectional and observational study was performed among the students of three different healthcare provider faculties (Medical, Pharmacy and Dental) in a university with the help of pre-validated research questionnaire. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 24.0 was used to analyze and present the data. Results: A total of 268 university students from three faculties participated in the current study. The medical faculty students and final year students had more appropriate knowledge towards the ALS. Conclusion: Overall appropriate knowledge was observed among the studied faculty students. The present study concluded that medical students had adequate knowledge of ALS than the other two faculty students.

Prevalence and Determining Factors Of Refractive Errors Among Medical Students In FMU, Faisalabad

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2934-2935
Author(s):  
Nadia Tufail ◽  
Huda Abbas ◽  
Ali Sarfraz ◽  
Sumaira Ashraf ◽  
M. Ashraf Majrooh
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Determining Factors

Aim: Prevalence and determining factors of refractive errors among the medical students in FMU, Faisalabad. Methodology: Cross-sectional quantitative study conducted in Faisalabad Medical University from 01-03-2020 to 15-12-2020 after approval from institutional review committee. All students of MBBS in FMU were included in this study. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the required quantitative information. SPSS version 26 was used for analysis. Results: Prevalence of refractive error is 49%. Females were 59% and males were 41%. More students i.e. 85.2% were suffering from myopia. In our study, usage of electronic devices i.e. mobile phones especially was one of the risk factors in developing refractive errors. 20.6% students having refractive error said that they use mobile phone for 4 hours, 30.2% having refractive error said that they watch TV for one hour, 23.3% having refractive error said that they play video games for one hour. For the correction of the refractive error, 184 students i.e. 97.4% used spectacles whereas only 5 (2.6%) students used contact lenses. It is observed in this study that contact lenses were only used by those students having refractive error <1.5. Conclusion: Refractive errors were a significant cause of visual impairment among medical students. The prolonged use of electronic devices especially mobile phones should be discouraged. Keywords: Refractive errors, myopia, electronic devices, mobile phone

scholarly journals Refractive Errors and its Associated Factors among Undergraduate Medical Students in Kathmandu

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Aparna Rizyal ◽  
JS Sunrait ◽  
A Mishal
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Parental History ◽  
Medical College

 Refractive error is a defect in the optical system of the eye which prevents light from being brought to a single point focus on the retina, thus reducing normal vision. This optical defect is the second most common cause of visual impairment globally as well in Nepal. At present, there are 285 million visually impaired people in the world. An estimated 4 out of 5 visual impairment (80%) can be prevented or cured, uncorrected refractive errors are the leading cause (42%) followed by cataract (33%). A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted to determine the proportion of undergraduate medical students with refractive errors in Nepal Medical College, and to identify factors associated with it. A total of 210 medical students volunteered for this study, with 100 males (47.6%) and 110 females (52.4%). The age of these students were between 18 to 26 years, with an average of 20.5 years. The proportion of medical students with refractive error was slightly more than half (51.4%), with simple myopia being the leading type (42.9%), followed by astigmatism (7.1%) and simple hypermetropia (1.4%). Parental history of refractive error was observed to be significantly associated with that of the medical students. There was also a significant association between refractive error and the daily use of mobile phones and laptops. However, years spent in medical education were not observed to be significant.

scholarly journals Improved attitudes of interns versus undergraduate medical students towards patients with mental illness in Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-372
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman A. Al-Atram
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
The Other ◽  
Psychiatric Training ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Beliefs And Attitudes

Background: The attitudes of medical students towards mental illness are important since these students will be providing care to this group in the future. Aims: To assess the beliefs and attitudes of undergraduate medical students regarding mental illness and to compare students at different levels. Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate medical students in the College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Saudi Arabia, during the 2018–2019 academic years. Male students were included from Years 3–5 (25 from each year) and 25 male interns using the proportionate stratified random sampling method. The participants responded to the Beliefs about Mental Illness (BMI) Scale and the Attitudes towards Mental Illness Questionnaire (AMIQ) Results: Bonferroni post hoc tests were used to conduct between-group comparisons of the year 3 group, who were at the beginning of their psychiatric training, with the other groups with more training. This revealed significant differences in scores for 11 of 21 items on the BMI Scale (P < 0.05). All questions regarding the 4 vignettes of the AMIQ (substance abuse, depression, psychosis, and obsessive compulsive disorders) showed a significant difference between students in year 3 and those in the other groups who had more psychiatric training (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The current medical psychiatric training positively improved the beliefs and attitudes of medical students towards patients with mental illnesses.

scholarly journals Giving science the finger—is the second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) a biomarker of good luck? A cross sectional study

BMJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. e067849 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M Smoliga ◽  
Lucas K Fogaca ◽  
Jessica S Siplon ◽  
Abigail A Goldburt ◽  
Franziska Jakobs
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Digit Ratio ◽  
Good Luck ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fourth Digit

Abstract Objectives To explore whether random chance, weak research methodology, or inappropriate reporting can lead to claims of statistically significant (yet, biologically meaningless) biomarker associations, using as a model the relation between a common surrogate of prenatal testosterone exposure, second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D), and a random indicator of good luck. Design Cross sectional study. Setting University sports performance laboratory in the United States. Data were collected from May 2015 to February 2017. Participants 176 adults (74 women, 102 men), including university students, faculty, and staff with no history of injuries, disease, or medical conditions that would affect digit length. Main outcome measures 2D:4D, body composition parameters potentially influenced by androgens (bone mineral content, bone mineral density, body fat percentage), and good luck (using poker hands from randomly selected playing cards as a surrogate). Results 2D:4D significantly correlated with select body composition parameters (Spearman’s r s range −0.26 to 0.23; P<0.05), but the correlations varied by sex, participant hand measured, and the method of measuring 2D:4D (by photocopy or radiography). However, the strongest correlation observed was between right hand 2D:4D in men measured by radiograph and poker hand rank ( r s =0.28, P=0.004). Conclusions Greater prenatal exposure to testosterone, as estimated by a lower 2D:4D, significantly increases good luck in adulthood, and also modulates body composition (albeit to a lesser degree). While these findings are consistent with a wealth of research reporting that 2D:4D is related to many seemingly disparate outcomes, they are not meant to provide confirmatory evidence that 2D:4D is a universal biomarker of nearly everything. Instead, the associations between 2D:4D and good luck are simply due to chance, and provide a “handy” example of the reproducibility crisis within medical and scientific research. Biologically sound hypotheses, pre-registration of trials, strong methodological and statistical analyses, transparent reporting of negative results, and unbiased interpretation of data are all necessary for biomarker studies and other areas of clinical research.

scholarly journals Hubungan Nilai Ujian Try Out Lokal dengan Nilai Computer Based Test Uji Kompetensi Mahasiswa Program Profesi Dokter di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atika I. S. Labatjo ◽  
Firginia P. Manoppo ◽  
Siemona L. E. Berhimpon
Keyword(s):  
Test Score ◽  
Graduation Rate ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Medical Faculty ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spearman Correlation Test ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Abstract: The graduation rate of the Computer Based Test (CBT) in Competency Test for Medical Student Profession Program (UKMPPD) of Medical Faculty, Sam Ratulangi University is still below 50% so far. Therefore, the Medical Faculty of Sam Ratulangi University makes various efforts to increase their graduation rate, inter alia implementation of local Try Out (TO) test as a filtering test required before the CBT UKMPPD. This study was aimed to find out whether there was a correlation between the local TO test score and the CBT UKMPPD score. This was a descriptive analytical study with a cross-sectional design. Data of this study were the local TO test score and the CBT UKMPPD score of the Medical Faculty of Sam Ratulangi University. The data were analyzed with the Spearman correlation test. The results showed that there was a significant correlation (P=0.028) between the local TO test score and the CBT UKMPPD score with a very weak positive correlation value (r= 0.199). Conclusion: There was a significant correlation between the local TO test score and the CBT UKMPPD score.Keywords: TO, CBT, UKMPPD Abstrak: Angka kelulusan Computer Based Test (CBT) Ujian Kompetensi Mahasiswa Program Profesi Dokter (UKMPPD) Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi (FK Unsrat) Manado masih berada di bawah 50%. Pihak FK Unsrat melakukan berbagai upaya agar angka kelulusan UKMPPD FK Unsrat meningkat, salah satunya yaitu dengan mengadakan ujian Try Out (TO) lokal sebagai ujian penyaring yang wajib diikuti sebelum CBT UKMPPD. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat hubungan antara nilai ujian TO lokal dengan nilai CBT UKMPPD. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif analitik dengan ddesain potong lintang. Data penelitian ialah nilai ujian TO lokal dan CBT UKMPPD FK Unsrat. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan hubungan bermakna (P=0,028) antara nilai ujian TO lokal dengan nilai CBT dengan tingkat keeratan positif yang sangat lemah (r=0,199). Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara nilai ujian TO lokal dengan nilai CBT UKMPPD.Kata kunci: TO, CBT, UKMPPD

scholarly journals Prevalence of Color Blindness Among Medical Students

2021 ◽  
pp. 98-102
Author(s):  
Shahid Anwar Bhatti ◽  
Qundeel Zahra ◽  
Atif Mansoor Ahmed ◽  
Anum Haneef ◽  
Muhammad Saeed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Color Vision ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Color Blindness ◽  
The Other ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Color Blind

Aim: To find out the prevalence of color blindness among medical students. Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional. Place and Duration of Study: Study was conducted at Chaudry Mohammad Akram teaching and research hospital, Superior university during December 2020 to May 2021. Methodology: All the medical students having age range between 21-25 years were included in the study. An ophthalmologist did ocular examination, after that color vision was checked by putting Ishihara plates. The score less than 12 out of 14 red-green test plates were labelled as color blind. Data was analyzed by using the SPSS version 20. Chi-square was used to find out the association of color blindness with age groups and gender. p-value less than 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: The mean age with standard deviation of study participants was 23.27 ± 0.87 years. The prevalence of color blindness among medical students was 2% out of which 1.7% were having strong red-green deficiency while only 0.3% were with mild red-green deficiency. Majority of participants with color blindness were noted in the age group of 22 years while very few were in the other age groups of medical students but these results were non-significant. On the other hand, all the color blind was male but no association was found as the p-value was more than 0.05. Conclusion: Current study reported that about 2% of medical students are affected by color vision deficiency. So there is a need of proper visual screening program among medical undergraduates for early detection of color blindness and counselling session for them.

scholarly journals Japanese Encephalitis Knowledge among University Students

2020 ◽  
pp. 120-128
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shahid Iqbal ◽  
Salah-Ud-Din Khan ◽  
Muhammad Zahid Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adequate Knowledge

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the knowledge of future healthcare providers about Japanese Encephalitis in a university in Malaysia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the students of three different healthcare provider faculties in a university in Malaysia with the help of pre-validated research questionnaire. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 24.0 was utilized to analyze and present the data. Results: Overall, 252 respondents from three different health care faculties participated in the current study. The medical faculty students had better knowledge as compared   to the other two faculties. The students living in their houses with their families had  better knowledge about Japanese Encephalitis as compared to the students who were living in hostels. Conclusion: Overall appropriate knowledge was observed among the three health care provider faculty students. The present study concluded that medical students had more adequate knowledge of Japanese Encephalitis than the other two faculty students.

scholarly journals Empatía y funcionamiento familiar en estudiantes de medicina de la Universidad de Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 571-586
Author(s):  
Yolanda Dávila Pontón ◽  
Ximena Vélez Calvo ◽  
Ambar Celleri Gomezcoello ◽  
Juan Aguilera Muñoz ◽  
Víctor Diaz-Narváez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Family Functioning ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Family ◽  
Empathy Scale ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Gender Factor ◽  
Style Factor

Objective: To explore the distribution of general and particular levels of empathy among the different family functioning styles of medical students of the University of Azuay in the city of Cuenca, Ecuador. Materials and methods: Exploratory and cross-sectional study. Student empathy levels were measured through the Jefferson Medical Empathy Scale, S-version in Spanish and family functioning through the Family Functioning Scale Faces-20 in a sample of 278 medical students. The comparison of data was carried out by means of analysis of bifactorial variance model III. The level of significance used was α≤ 0.05 and 1- β ≤ 0.20. Results: The analysis of the general empathy variance was significant (p <0.05) for the family functioning style factor. The results on the dimensions of empathy:” Take on perspective” and “Ability to understand the situation of the other” were significant (p = 0.035; p = 0.044) for the family functioning style factor. Regarding the “Care with compassion” dimension, no significant differences were observed (p> 0.05). On the other hand, it was found that extreme family functioning styles have empathy values ​​greater than the intermediate style, with significant differences between them (p <0.05). Conclusion: There is a relationship between the type of family functioning and empathy. Extreme family functioning style have higher empathy values ​​than intermedium families. Regarding the gender factor, these differences were not presented.

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