scholarly journals PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF PAIN AND USE OF OPIOIDS IN CATTLE

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Gaia de Sousa ◽  
Rogério Carvalho Souza ◽  
Suzane Lilian Beier ◽  
Briza Sousa Barcelos ◽  
Kennedy José Souza Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Pain Control ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Animal Suffering ◽  
Economic Level ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Pain Mechanism ◽  
Control And Management

Pain control is an area that is currently gaining great importance, mainly for beef production. Determining the origin and causes of the painful process is a task that demands great attention from professionals, especially so that they can intervene in the best possible way. In addition to seeking to remove the factors that prompted them, they act in the prevention and treatment of the pain mechanism with the use of various drugs available on the market. The use of opioids has been the subject of studies as a pharmacological strategy for the control and management of animal suffering, a fact that induces serious losses and losses for bovine production, at the productive, reproductive and economic level. However, more and more studies are needed regarding the benefits they can provide to cattle, since there are some limitations such as cost and adverse effects.

HUBUNGAN ANTARA JIWA WIRAUSAHA MAHASISWA DENGAN MOTIVASI, LINGKUNGAN KELUARGA DAN PENDIDIKAN PADA POLITEKNIK LP3I JAKARTA KAMPUS BEKASI

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Darmawan Darmawan ◽  
Jajang Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Economic Level ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Set Up

<p align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong><strong></strong></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p align="justify"><em>Today, the growth of economic level begins to rise again that is generated by the increase of   different kind of product and different kind of businesses that are offered by both individual businesses that are done easly independently. To deal with all of business trends, the education institution has to prepare the students to be able to set up a business idenpendedntly through the subject of entrepeuneurship.  As it is regulated in Vision and Mision of study program and is also regulated in the curriculum of lectures. </em><em></em></p><p align="justify"><em>This research is aimed at to find out the correlation between the spirit of entrepeunership and motivation , Family background, and education level. Based on the research result, the finding showed that the spirit of entrepeneurship correlated with the motivation and family background. Based on the finding, it was also found that education level did not correlate with that the spirit of entrepeneurship. In regard with the findings, it is important to develop more the motivation of students to touch up the sperit of entrepenuership. </em><em></em></p><p align="justify"> </p><p><em>Key words: Entrepenuer, Students, Entrepeuneurship. </em></p>

scholarly journals Perioperative Multimodal Anesthesia Using Regional Techniques in the Aging Surgical Patient

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Nordquist ◽  
Thomas M. Halaszynski
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Regional Anesthesia ◽  
Pain Control ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Surgical Patient ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Age Related

Background. Elderly patients have unique age-related comorbidities that may lead to an increase in postoperative complications involving neurological, pulmonary, cardiac, and endocrine systems. There has been an increase in the number of elderly patients undergoing surgery as this portion of the population is increasing in numbers. Despite advances in perioperative anesthesia and analgesia along with improved delivery systems, monotherapy with opioids continues to be the mainstay for treatment of postop pain. Reliance on only opioids can oftentimes lead to inadequate pain control or increase in the incidence of adverse events. Multimodal analgesia incorporating regional anesthesia is a promising alternative that may reduce needs for high doses and dependence on opioids along with any potential associated adverse effects. Methods. The following databases were searched for relevant published trials: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and PubMed. Textbooks and meeting supplements were also utilized. The authors assessed trial quality and extracted data. Conclusions. Multimodal drug therapy and perioperative regional techniques can be very effective to perioperative pain management in the elderly. Regional anesthesia as part of multimodal perioperative treatment can often reduce postoperative neurological, pulmonary, cardiac, and endocrine complications. Regional anesthesia/analgesia has not been proven to improve long-term morbidity but does benefit immediate postoperative pain control. In addition, multimodal drug therapy utilizes a variety of nonopioid analgesic medications in order to minimize dosages and adverse effects from opioids while maximizing analgesic effect and benefit.

scholarly journals Continuous subcutaneous infusion for pain control in dying patients: experiences from a tertiary palliative care center

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Fürst ◽  
Staffan Lundström ◽  
Pål Klepstad ◽  
Peter Strang
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Pain Control ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
Infusion Pump ◽  
Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Subcutaneous Infusion ◽  
Dying Patients ◽  
Continuous Subcutaneous Infusion

Abstract Background Continuous subcutaneous infusion (CSCI) via ambulatory infusion pump (AIP) is a valuable method of pain control in palliative care. When using CSCI, low-dose methadone as add-on to other opioids might be an option in complex pain situations. This study aimed to investigate the effects, and adverse effects, of CSCI for pain control in dying patients, with particular interest in methadone use. Methods This was an observational cohort study. Imminently dying patients with pain, admitted to specialized palliative inpatient wards and introduced on CSCI, were monitored daily by staff for symptoms (Integrated Palliative Care Outcome Scale - IPOS), sedation (Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale – RASS), performance status (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group - ECOG) and delirium (Confusion Assessment Method - CAM). Results Ninety-three patients with a median survival of 4 days were included. Of the 47 patients who survived ≥3 days, the proportion of patients with severe/overwhelming pain decreased from 45 to 19% (p < 0.001) after starting CSCI, with only a moderate increase in morphine equivalent daily dose of opioids (MEDD). Alertness was marginally decreased (1 point on the 10-point RASS scale, p = 0.001), whereas performance status and prevalence of delirium, regardless of age, remained unchanged. Both patients with methadone as add-on (MET, n = 13) and patients with only other opioids (NMET, n = 34), improved in pain control (p < 0.05 and 0.001, respectively), despite that MET patients had higher pain scores at baseline (p < 0.05) and were on a higher MEDD (240 mg vs.133 mg). No serious adverse effects demanding treatment stop were reported. Conclusions CSCI via AIP is an effective way to reduce pain in dying patients without increased adverse effects. Add-on methadone may be beneficial in patients with severe complex pain.

Fertilization of Field-grown and Landscape Palms in Florida

EDIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2006 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Broschat
Keyword(s):  
Publication Date ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Original Publication ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
The Subject

Palms growing in Florida landscapes or field nurseries are subject to a number of potentially serious nutrient deficiencies. These deficiencies are described and illustrated in document ENH1018. Prevention and treatment of these deficiencies is the subject of this document. Chemical symbols used in this document are as follows: N=nitrogen, P=phosphorus, K=potassium, Mg=magnesium, Ca=calcium, Mn=manganese, Fe=iron, B=boron, Cu=copper, Zn=zinc. This document is ENH1009, one of a series of the Environmental Horticulture Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date September 2005. ENH1009/EP261: Fertilization of Field-Grown and Landscape Palms in Florida (ufl.edu)

The Sharing Economy

2018 ◽  
pp. 49-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliet B. Schor ◽  
Mehmet Cansoy
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Cultural Capital ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Urban Housing ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Class Discrimination ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Subject

The “sharing economy” has become highly contentious. This chapter takes a broad view, addressing key issues in ongoing debates: terminology, participation, experiences, regulation, discrimination, and inequality. High cultural capital (HCC) participants, who are the majority, see themselves creating a virtuous moral alternative to the conventional market. However, their activities increasingly take place on large for-profit platforms that are resulting in a series of undesirable outcomes. These include pervasive racial and class discrimination, and the generation of inequality. The two largest platforms (Airbnb and Uber) have had adverse effects on urban housing and transportation, which have been the subject of recent regulatory efforts. Ultimately, the dynamism of the sharing economy, and the lack of fixed institutions, norms, and participants, means consumer researchers should be asking critical questions about the sector, its claims of common good, and its impact on social life.

An Orientation to Implementation Science in Cancer

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Chambers ◽  
Wynne E. Norton ◽  
Cynthia A. Vinson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Implementation Science ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
The Subject

THE ROOTS of implementation science (IS) in cancer in some sense date back to the earliest days of uncovering cancer’s etiology, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment, although it was not called that. Indeed, unlocking the mysteries of cancer and determining effective ways to intervene began not in the lab but, rather, the clinic. As Mukherjee recounted in the seminal work, The Emperor of All Maladies, 1 cancer had been the subject of clinical examination for centuries, and the drive to optimize care began in those early days. As opposed to the largely separate worlds of research discovery and care delivery that exist today, scientific research and cancer treatment coexisted. In addition, epidemiologic observations of risk factors affecting oncogenesis developed targets for what types of prevention programs needed to be implemented. Naturally, the challenges of what exactly to implement and how best to implement have been with us throughout time.

scholarly journals Food Production and Trading Under the Impact of Sustainable Development

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-285
Author(s):  
Cecilia Irina Rabontu ◽  
Mădălina Cristina Vasile ◽  
Laura Nicoleta Nasta
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
Current Period ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In the current period, more and more economic agents involved in producing and trading food are tempted to avoid certain standards of safety and innocuousness of agricultural and technological processes in order to maximize profit. There are often situations in which food producers with the will of a quick return do not realize or do not measure the adverse effects that may arise on life, health, environment and thus on sustainable development. This paper tries to determine the degree of compliance with safety rules imposed by manufacturers in the food industry but also the factors that may cause the consumer purchasing decision in the context of uncertainty about the harmlessness of food. The food correctly and environmentally made, stored, transported and traded contributes to a sustainable development, aspect that will be the subject of our study.

Switching From Morphine to Methadone to Improve Analgesia and Tolerability in Cancer Patients: A Prospective Study

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 2898-2904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastiano Mercadante ◽  
Alessandra Casuccio ◽  
Fabio Fulfaro ◽  
Liliana Groff ◽  
Roberto Boffi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Pain Control ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Oral Morphine ◽  
Oral Methadone ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Clinical Benefits ◽  
A Prospective Study

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical benefits of switching from morphine to oral methadone in patients who experience poor analgesia or adverse effects from morphine. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty-two consecutive cancer patients receiving oral morphine but with uncontrolled pain and/or moderate to severe opioid adverse effects were switched to oral methadone administered every 8 hours using different dose ratios. Intensity of pain and adverse effects were assessed daily, and the symptom distress score (DS) was calculated before and after switching. RESULTS: Data were analyzed for 50 patients. Switching was considered effective in 80% of the patients; results were achieved in an average of 3.65 days. In the 10 patients who switched to methadone because of uncontrolled pain, a significant reduction in pain intensity (P < .005) and an average of a 33% increase in methadone doses necessary (P < .01) were found after an average of 3.5 days. DS significantly decreased from an average of 8.4 to 4.5 (P < .0005). In the 32 patients switching because of uncontrolled pain and morphine-related adverse effects, significant improvement was found in pain intensity (P < .0005), nausea and vomiting (P < .03), constipation (P < .001), and drowsiness (P < .01), but a significant increase in the methadone dose of an average of 20% (P < .004) was required. CONCLUSION: In most patients with cancer pain referred for poor pain control and/or adverse effects, switching to oral methadone is a valid therapeutic option. In the clinical setting of poor pain control, higher doses of methadone are necessary with respect to the equianalgesic calculated dose ratios previously published.

Tapering off long-term methadone: A case study

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kehua Zhou, MD, DPT, LAc ◽  
Leslie Frankish, BS ◽  
Gary G. Wang, MD, PhD
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Patient Education ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
Pain Control ◽  
Opioid Tapering ◽  
One Year ◽  
Good Pain Control

Opioid tapering may be necessary for patients on long-term opioids. Here, the authors presented a patient who had uncontrolled chronic musculoskeletal pain while on chronic methadone. Upon methadone tapering, the patient had been taking methadone for longer than six years and had severe methadone-related adverse effects. Using multidisciplinary interventions of patient education and counseling, physical interventions, and nonopioid medications, patient’s methadone was discontinued after longer than one year tapering with relatively good pain control. The tapering process highlights the importance of pain management during opioid tapering using multidisciplinary interventions to prevent and treat opioid withdrawal and pain relapses.

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