scholarly journals PENGENDALIAN GULMA PADA TANAMAN KEDELAI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN BEBERAPA WAKTU APLIKASI MULSA ORGANIK KIRINYUH (Chromolaena odorata L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amda Resdiar ◽  
Hasanuddin Hasanuddin ◽  
Siti Hafsah
Keyword(s):  
Critical Period ◽  
Application Time ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
Planting Time ◽  
Organic Mulch ◽  
Soybean Crop ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Earlier Application

Utilization of mulch could reduce competition between weeds and soybean crop for water, light, nutrient, maintaining temperature and humidity of soil to create better growth of soybean environment. Soybean crop had a critical period of weeds competition so that siam weed organic mulch should be applied to control weeds at certain time. The research aims to improve the yield of soybean crop that is influenced by application times of siam weed mulch. This study had defferent time of mulch aplications treatment such as at the time of planting, 7 days after planting (DAP), and 14 DAP. The results of this reserch showed that application times had not effected significantly at all parameter. The result also showed the earlier application time of siam weed organic mulch it was on planting time had decreased weed growth then increased yield of soybean. Keywords: Weed, soybeans, mulch, application time 

Preplant Weed Control in a Ridge-Till Soybean (Glycine max) and Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Rotation

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Regehr ◽  
Keith A. Janssen
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Planting Time ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Dry Down ◽  
Sorghum Grain

Research in Kansas from 1983 to 1986 evaluated early preplant (30 to 45 days) and late preplant (10 to 14 days) herbicide treatments for weed control before ridge-till planting in a soybean and sorghum rotation. Control of fall panicum and common lambsquarters at planting time averaged at least 95% for all early preplant and 92% for late preplant treatments. Where no preplant treatment was used, heavy weed growth in spring delayed soil dry-down, which resulted in poor ridge-till planting conditions and reduced plant stands, and ultimately reduced sorghum grain yields by 24% and soybean yields by 12%. Horsenettle population declined significantly, and honeyvine milkweed population increased. Smooth groundcherry populations fluctuated from year to year with no overall change.

scholarly journals ROLE OF BIOLOGICAL AGENT AZOTOBACTER-TRICHODERMA ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF CHILI (Capsicum annuum L.) IN A POT EXPERIMENT

Agric ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-146
Author(s):  
Reginawanti Hindersah ◽  
Priyanka Asmiran ◽  
June Putinella ◽  
Wilhelmina Rumahlewang ◽  
Marthin Kalay
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Biological Agent ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Application Time ◽  
Planting Time ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L

Soil microbes have suggested to be used as agricultural input. Nitrogen fixing rhizobacteria Azotobacter is responsible to maintain nitrogen nutrition and plant growth whereas Trichoderma enable to reduce soil born plant diseases through antagonistic activity. The objective of this pot experiment was to determine the dosage and application time of carrier- based Azotobacter-Trichoderma inoculant which increase nitrogen availability in soil, as well as growth and yield of chili (Capsicum annuum L.). Chili transplants were grown in low fertility soil mixed with cow manure. Experiment was set up in split plot design which tested four inoculant dosage and three application time. The result showed that effect of biological agent on plant height at three and six weeks after transplanting was not significant. Inoculation of 7,5 g/pot carrier-based Azoto-Tricho at planting time followed by soil dressing with Azotobacter liquid inoculant at 10 day after planting significantly increased NO3 ­- in soil. Carrier-based Azoto-Tricho inoculant irrespective of dosage and application time increased plant yield. The highest yield, 290 g plant-1, was showed by plant treated by 7,5 g po­1t Azoto-Tricho at planting time followed by Azotobacter liquid inoculation. This pot experiment showed that carrier-based Azotobacter-Trichoderma inoculant has potential to be used as biological agent in chili production.

Critical period of weed competition in Egyptian henbane (Hyoscyamus muticus)

1989 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-118
Author(s):  
A. Singh ◽  
M. Singh ◽  
D. V. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Critical Period ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
Hyoscyamus Muticus ◽  
Medicinal And Aromatic Plants ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Total Growth ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Egyptian Henbane

SUMMARYLossesc.off. 95 % in dry herb yields of Egyptian henbane (Hyoscyamus muticusL.) were observed due to natural weed growth in experiments conducted on a sandy loam soil of pH 7·8 during the winter (rabi) seasons 1984/85 and 1985/86 at the Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow. The period between 30 and 75 days after sowing was most critical for weed competition, when weeds with 12·5% of their total growth (in terms of dry matter) reduced henbane dry herb yields by 60%.

scholarly journals Effects of soil temperature and moisture on biological nitrogen fixation in soybean crop

2019 ◽  
pp. 1327-1334
Author(s):  
Evandro Ademir Deak ◽  
Thomas Newton Martin ◽  
Glauber Monçon Fipke ◽  
Jessica Deolinda Leivas Stecca ◽  
Luciane Almeri Tabaldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Root System ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Soil Water Retention ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Soybean Crop ◽  
Temperature And Humidity

Soil temperature and humidity are the chief determinants for good nodule formation at the time of sowing and emergence. The aim of this study was to estimate the soil temperature and humidity range, at which the Bradyrhizobium spp., and Azospirillum brasilense may have the highest effect on root enhancement and development of nodulation in soybean. Two experiments were conducted, the first of which was done in the seed laboratory performing the treatments listed as non-inoculated; inoculation with Bradyrhizobium; root enhancers; inoculation with Bradyrhizobium + root enhancers; co-inoculation with Bradyrhizobium + Azospirillum brasilense; co-inoculation with Bradyrhizobium + Azospirillum brasilense + root enhancers, and assessed at temperatures of 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35ºC. The experimental design was completely randomized with distribution in a factorial. The second experiment was executed in a greenhouse, employing the same treatments affected in the seed laboratory experiment, but with the addition of non-inoculated control with mineral nitrogen. Tests were done at the soil moisture levels of 25, 50, 75 and 100% water retention capacity, forming a factorial 7 x 4 (only second experiment). All co-inoculated treatments induced the soybean root system to improve, in terms of length, volume, surface area and root diameter, exhibiting superiority to the uninoculated control in the 20 to 30ºC temperature range. The co-inoculation raised nodulation in the soybean crop, when soil water retention capacity was at the range of 56 - 96%, achieving higher means compared to the standard inoculation. The root planter added no improvement to either the root system or nodulation in soybean.

scholarly journals Dikegulac Promotes Abscission in Citrus

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1655-1658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Pozo ◽  
Ana Redondo ◽  
Ulrich Hartmond ◽  
Walter J. Kender ◽  
Jacqueline K. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Leaf Abscission ◽  
Application Time ◽  
Valencia Orange ◽  
Application Date ◽  
Orange Trees ◽  
Earlier Application

Two formulations of the plant growth regulator dikegulac (2,3:4,6-di-O-isopro-pylidene-α-L-xylo-2-hexulofuranosoic acid), consisting of dikegulac-sodium (Atrimmec) or dikegulac:ascorbic acid (1:1) (DAA), as well as 5-chloro-3-methyl-4-nitro-pyrazole at 200 mg·L-1, were applied as foliar sprays to `Hamlin' and `Valencia' orange trees (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) at two dates during the harvest season for each cultivar (11 Nov. and 10 Jan. for `Hamlin', 22 Mar. and 25 May for `Valencia'). Fruit detachment force was evaluated 10 days after application, whereas cumulative leaf abscission was monitored up to 60 days after application. In both cultivars, Atrimmec and DAA at 3,000 mg·L-1 induced moderate fruit loosening when applied at the earlier application date, but fruit loosening improved when applied at the later application date. In `Hamlin', both formulations caused higher leaf abscission when applied at the later date. DAA applications resulted in low leaf loss in `Valencia' regardless of application time, whereas Atrimmec caused unacceptably high leaf loss at either application date. No differences in internal fruit quality were found as a result of any abscission material treatment. The results indicate that DAA could be a promising option to induce fruit loosening in late harvested `Valencia' orange trees with minimal undesirable side effects.

Effect of organic mulch materials on maize performance and weed growth in the derived savanna of south eastern Nigeria.

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
B.A Essien ◽  
J.B Essien ◽  
J.C Nwite ◽  
K.A Eke ◽  
U.M Anaele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Mulch ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Derived Savanna

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FLUROKSIPIR MHE 480 g/l HERBICIDES AS CONTROLLING Chromolaena odorata (L.) WEEDS ON MATURE OIL PALM

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-148
Author(s):  
Umiyati Umiyati ◽  
Denny Denny K
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Confidence Level ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Manual Weeding

Experiments have been carried out with the objective of knowing Fluroxypyr MHE 480 g/l  against weeds Chromolaena odorata L on mature oil palm. Experiments conducted in the oil palm Sagala Herang District of Subang Regency in West Java. The experimental design used was a randomized block design with four replications and seven treatments were then tested further by Duncan test at 95% confidence level. Herbicide treatments were tested , namely herbicides Fluroxypyr MHE 480 g/l  dose of 0.75 ml/l -  , of 3.0  ml/l, manual weeding and no treatment ( control ).  The research results show that the herbicide Fluroxypyr MHE 480 g/l with doses 1.5 ml / l effective and efficient pressing Chromolaena odorata weed growth of up to 12 weeks after application or three months after application. At all doses Herbicide Fluroxypyr MHE 480 g/l up to 3 MSA observations do not show symptoms of poisoning in mature oil palm

Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) Interference with Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 799-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda S. Smith ◽  
Don S. Murray ◽  
David L. Weeks
Keyword(s):  
Critical Period ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Lint Yield ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Cotton Lint ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Cotton Lint Yield ◽  
The Relationship

Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the critical period for velvetleaf interference with cotton and to assess the reliability of using weed growth variables as predictors of cotton lint yield losses. An inverse linear relationship existed between velvetleaf dry weight and cotton lint yield. The relationship between the number of velvetleaf main-stem nodes or velvetleaf height with cotton lint yield was best described by quadratic regression equations. Weed dry weight appeared to be the most accurate predictor followed by weed height and by number of velvetleaf main-stem nodes. A nonlinear equation best described percent lint yield loss as a function of critical-period interference intervals.

Cryo-TEM of amphiphilic polymer and amphiphile/polymer solutions

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 876-877
Author(s):  
Yeshayahu Talmon
Keyword(s):  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Microstructured Fluids ◽  
Air Streams

To achieve complete microstructural characterization of self-aggregating systems, one needs direct images in addition to quantitative information from non-imaging, e.g., scattering or Theological measurements, techniques. Cryo-TEM enables us to image fluid microstructures at better than one nanometer resolution, with minimal specimen preparation artifacts. Direct images are used to determine the “building blocks” of the fluid microstructure; these are used to build reliable physical models with which quantitative information from techniques such as small-angle x-ray or neutron scattering can be analyzed.To prepare vitrified specimens of microstructured fluids, we have developed the Controlled Environment Vitrification System (CEVS), that enables us to prepare samples under controlled temperature and humidity conditions, thus minimizing microstructural rearrangement due to volatile evaporation or temperature changes. The CEVS may be used to trigger on-the-grid processes to induce formation of new phases, or to study intermediate, transient structures during change of phase (“time-resolved cryo-TEM”). Recently we have developed a new CEVS, where temperature and humidity are controlled by continuous flow of a mixture of humidified and dry air streams.

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