scholarly journals PROSOPOGRAPHY OF THE KHARKIV MEDICAL INSTITUTE IN 1945–1991

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-67
Author(s):  
Vadim Ilin
Keyword(s):  
Medical Science ◽  
Healthcare Management ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Relative Separation ◽  
Science And Education ◽  
Personal Qualities ◽  
War Outcomes ◽  
Healthcare Administrators ◽  
Post War

PROSOPOGRAPHY OF KHARKIV MEDICAL INSTITUTE IN 1945–1991 Ilin V. The article aims to determine and consider the typical features of the key healthcare organizers in the post-war Soviet Kharkiv. The author created the collective portrait of 15 prominent physicians, scholars and administrators who got education or made a career at Kharkiv Medical Institute. In particular the origin, work path, professional achievements and civic activity were taken into account. As a result the author came to such conclusions: pre-war repressions and the WWII caused the gap of generations in the medical community despite preservation of the certain scientific schools; the relative separation of duties on public-administrative and scientific was noticeable among the healthcare organizers; engagement of women to the healthcare management became widespread; formation of the post-war generation of healthcare administrators was influenced by war outcomes, isolation of a medical science and education, ideological pressure, formal mandatory public activity and importance of informal party and professional ties for the career advancement. The preliminary set of personal qualities typical for the post-war generation of medical administrators was distinguished in comparison with qualities of their teachers – representatives of the last pre-Soviet generation. The prospects of the further studies were outlined such as study of informal vertical and horizontal relations at Kharkiv Medical Institute. Key words: Kharkiv Medical Institute, post-war era, prosopography, Soviet healthcare.   Резюме. ПРОСОПОГРАФІЯ ХАРКІВСЬКОГО МЕДИЧНОГО ІНСТИТУТУ В 1945–1991 pp. Ільїн B. Метою статті є визначення та розгляд типових рис ключових організаторів охорони здоров’я в післявоєнному Харкові. Автор створив колективний портрет 15 видатних лікарів, науковців та керівників, які отримали освіту або зробили кар’єру в Харківському медичному інституті. Зокрема, було взято до уваги походження, трудовий шлях, професійні досягнення та громадська активність. У результаті автор дійшов таких висновків: довоєнні репресії та Друга світова війна зумовили розрив поколінь в медичній спільноті попри збереження окремих наукових шкіл; відносний поділ обов’язків на суспільно-адміністративні та наукові був помітним серед організаторів охорони здоров’я; поширеним стало залучення жінок до управління охороною здоров’я; на формування післявоєнного покоління адміністраторів охорони здоров’я вплинули наслідки війни, ізоляція медичних науки та освіти, ідеологічний тиск, формально обов’язкова громадська активність і важливість неформальних партійних й професійних зв’язків для кар’єрного просування. Було визначено попередній перелік особистих рис післявоєнного покоління медичних керівників порівняно з рисами їхніх вчителів – представників останнього дорадянського покоління медиків. Окреслено перспективи подальших досліджень, зокрема, вивчення неформальних вертикальних і горизонтальних відносин у Харківському медичному інституті. Ключові слова: післявоєнна доба, просопографія, радянська охорона здоров’я, Харківський медичний інститут.   Резюме. ПРОСОПОГРАФИЯ ХАРЬКОВСКОГО МЕДИЦИНСКОГО ИНСТИТУТА В 1945–1991 ГГ Ильин B. Целью статьи является определение и рассмотрение типичных черт ключевых организаторов здравоохранения в послевоенном Харькове. Автор создал коллективный портрет 15 выдающихся врачей, ученых и руководителей, которые получили образование или сделали карьеру в Харьковском медицинском институте. В частности, во внимание было принято происхождение, трудовой путь, профессиональные достижения и общественная активность. В результате автор пришел к следующим выводам: довоенные репрессии и Вторая мировая война обусловили разрыв поколений в медицинском сообществе несмотря на сохранение отдельных научных школ; среди организаторов здравоохранения наблюдлось относительное разделение обязанностей на общественно-административные и научные; распространенным стало привлечение женщин к управлению здравоохранением; на формирование послевоенного поколения администраторов здравоохранения повлияли: последствия войны, изоляция медицинских науки и образования, идеологическое давление, формально обязательная общественная активность, важность неформальных партийных и профессиональных связей для карьерного продвижения. Был определен предварительный перечень личных качеств послевоенного поколения медицинских руководителей в сравнении с качествами их учителей – представителей последнего досоветского поколения медиков. Очерчены перспективы дальнейших исследований, в частности, изучение вертикальных и горизонтальных отношений в Харьковском медицинском институте. Ключевые слова: послевоенная эпоха, просопография, советское здравоохранение, Харьковский медицинский институт.

Diabetes related disease and disorder in a Chinese Q&A website: Comparison on frequency and position (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Feng ◽  
Ruocheng Huang ◽  
Shan Lu ◽  
Tao Shan ◽  
Hong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Failure ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Healthcare Management ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Circulation System ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Disease Category ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Question And Answer

BACKGROUND With the development of the Internet, online medical community can help patient access to medical information and relevant decisions more conveniently, and meet the needs of patients for their own healthcare management. Mining these Q&A (Question and Answer) data, we can help doctors give more targeted feedback which improve the efficiency of question-and-answer, and patient satisfaction. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to (1) analysis frequency and position of diabetes related diseases or symptoms in Q&A website and (2) find out the differences of disease terms in gender and age using in the questions. METHODS We collected 5766 Q&A diabetes related data on the website of Chunyuyisheng from June 2012 to April 2020. In 38176 combined sentences, a vocabulary contains 3 categories of 3851 word and 2094 ICD (International Classification of Diseases) matching terms were obtained by calculating the similarity using word vectors. Proportion of the frequency of words and Mann-Whitney U test on word position were used to quantify the difference in patient’s gender and age group. RESULTS The vocabulary of the disease category accounts for 70%. We analyzed the word frequency and position in questions for different gender and age group. For gender, women participate in question answering more, accounting for 53% of total questions. They pay more attention to pregnancy, sleep and thyroid gland related vocabulary compared to men. Men focus more on circulation system, kidney failure related vocabulary. For different age group, pregnancy, glucose regulation, digestive and respiratory system related vocabulary have a higher proportion for patients under 40 years old. Patients over 40 years old pay more attention on kidney failure, cerebral ischaemia, infectious and circulation system. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a new insight into frequency and position of diabetes related diseases or symptoms in online medical services. It can show patients’ different attention by comparing disease or symptom categories for gender and age with ICD disease codes. The frequency and position of disease category words in patients’ conversation can be used for further risk evaluation for chronic diseases research.

scholarly journals Pharmacogenomics- The Promise of Personalized Medicine

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 346-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Fakruddin ◽  
A Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Current Therapies ◽  
Genetic Makeup

Introduction: Pharmacogenomics (PGx) is the study of the genetic basis of variability among individuals in response to drugs. It is the newest discipline of medicine and is becoming a very active area of research, with the pharmaceutical industry gaining experience applying it, integrating it into the drug development process, and also learning to better manage the expectations of the medical community. Methodology: A comprehensive review of the literature on the principles, applications, challenges and prospects of pharmacogenomics was performed. Results: Pharmacogenomics tailors therapies to the genetic makeup of an individual and can therefore offer treatments that are more efficacious and have fewer side effects. Despite these benefits, personalized medicine has not been embraced by large pharmaceutical companies. It is expected that the first wave of successful pharmacogenomics products will be used in acute treatments for which current therapies have and severe side effects. These products should also be good candidates for premium pricing. Personalized medicine (PM), based on the genetic makeup of a patient, may result in not only an improved therapeutic response but also a clinically important reduction in adverse drug reactions. The experience to date is mixed, with a few successes but many frustrations. Conclusion: However, for pharmacogenomics to be truly embraced, the benefits of this technology must become more widely accepted in terms of economic, public, regulatory and ethical issues. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v12i4.11041 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 12 No. 04 October ’13 Page 346-356

Regulating Conflicts of Interest in Medicine Through Public Disclosure: Evidence from a Physician Payments Sunshine Law

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Chao ◽  
Ian Larkin
Keyword(s):  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Healthcare Management ◽  
Public Disclosure ◽  
Brand Name ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Pharmaceutical Firms ◽  
Drug Classes ◽  
Healthcare Administrators ◽  
The Many ◽  
Brand Name Drugs

Hospital and healthcare administrators name high prescription drug costs as one of their largest problems. A significant body of research demonstrates that meals and honoraria from pharmaceutical firms to physicians leads to higher prescribing of expensive, brand name drugs, despite little difference in efficacy. Some administrators and scholars have advocated for mandatory disclosure of these payments in order to reduce this conflict of interest, but many practitioners believe disclosure has little effect on prescribing, and the empirical evidence is mixed. This paper uses a quasi-experiment of a 2009 payment disclosure policy in Massachusetts to estimate the causal impact of public disclosure on prescribing. The comprehensive data set includes all retail prescriptions for 262 drugs in nine drug classes written by 5,730 physicians in five states over 48 months. We show a significant postdisclosure reduction in brand name drug prescriptions by Massachusetts physicians, relative to control physicians in other states. These effects are driven by heavy prescribers of brand name drugs in the prepolicy period, particularly for drugs with large prepolicy sales forces. Effects are also detected before the first data were released, implying that the effects are not because patients or administrators responded to the disclosed payments. Instead, some physicians may have changed their payments and prescriptions behavior to avoid appearing biased. Taken in tandem with the many studies showing that pharmaceutical industry payments influence prescribing, this study suggests a strong role for mandatory public disclosure in reducing conflicts of interest in medicine and costly prescribing of brand name drugs. This paper was accepted by Stefan Scholtes, healthcare management.

Interview with John Drake

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-14
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
The Public ◽  
Career Counsellor ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Science And Education ◽  
The University ◽  
Law Degree

John Drake is a previous editor of the Australian Career Counsellor and a long-time member of the Career Development Association of Australia. In his earlier careers he has been involved in medical science and in particular thoracic medicine (cardio and respiratory); in the education, training and careers area of the public service; and is now in private practice as a writer, editor and careers counsellor. He studied science and education at the University of Technology, Sydney; arts and science at the University of Sydney; and human resources at Southern Cross University. He is currently completing a law degree at the University of New England.

scholarly journals Factors associated with induced demand for services in Iran’s healthcare system

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 978
Author(s):  
Ghahraman Mahmoudi ◽  
Ghanbar Roohi ◽  
Mohammad Asadi ◽  
Fatemeh Rasooly Kalamaki ◽  
Samira Abam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Healthcare Management ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
North West ◽  
Induced Demand ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Radiology Technicians

Background:  One of the most important subjects in health economics and healthcare management is the theory of induced demand; that is, caring for or providing and selling unnecessary services to users of healthcare systems, which is accompanied by the exercising of power by the service providers. Methods: This study was performed on physicians, nurses, and laboratory and radiology technicians working in Medical Science universities. Random sampling was conducted from five areas: the center, north, west, east and south of Iran. Data were gathered by a questionnaire, with a Cronbach's alpha of >0.7, consisting of nine dimensions on existence of induced demand and its associated factors. Results: The results showed that overall, 65.2% of the participants agreed with the existence of induced demand. Chi-squared test showed there was no difference in the level of induced demand between the regions of the country, education level and occupation. However, there was a significant difference in terms of gender (P<0.005). The Kruskal-Wallis test indicated a significant relationship between the associated factors and induced demand (P<0.005). Conclusions: Results showed that induced demand was influenced by factors including service recipients’ awareness, personal benefits of service providers, the extent they cared about health, supervision of insurance companies, industrialization of the health sector, diversity and increased number of trained experts and the quality of methods of training the service providers.  Therefore, policymakers and planners should consider raising awareness of health service recipients, supervising insurance companies, reforming teaching methods, social culture making and changing the beliefs of society.

scholarly journals Department of Pathophysiology of Siberian State Medical University: 120th anniversary of scientific and pedagogical activity

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
O. I. Urazova ◽  
S. A. Nekrylov
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
General Pathology ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Russian Medical ◽  
120Th Anniversary

The article is dedicated to the 120th anniversary of the foundation day of the Department of General Pathology (Pathophysiology) of the Imperial Tomsk University - Tomsk Medical Institute - Siberian State Medical University and scientists whose scientific and pedagogical activity as well as career paths are connected with the Department and Tomsk Cathedral Scientific School of Pathophysiologists, one of the oldest schools in Russia and the first one in the Asian part of Russia. Main directions of school's scientific and research work of the past years are described in the article as well as its present day achievements in science. Special attention is paid to the activity of the head directors and the best representatives of the Tomsk Pathophysiological School such as P.M. Albitsky, A.V. Reprev, D.I. Timofeevsky, P.P. Avrorov, A.D. Timofeevsky, L.F. Larionov, D.I. Goldberg, E.D. Goldberg, V.S. Lavrova, who made a significant contribution to the development of the Russian medical science and medical education. The data on the leading scientific school of the Russian Federation under the leadership of the RAMS Academician V.V. Novitsky is presented in the article.

EDUCATION AND SCIENCE IN UZBEKISTAN AFTER WORLD WAR II

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Aygul Raimova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
World War ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
Science And Education ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Second World

The article examines the state of science and education in Uzbekistan in the post-war period. The issues of opening new higher educational institutions, building schools and training personnel are investigated. The article analyzes the achievements of science, the exit of scientists of Uzbekistan into the international arena, achievements in the field of natural and humanitarian areas of science. In general, the article considers the attempts to reform the education system after the end of the Second World War, the difficulties associated with them, their positive and negative consequences, as well as the impact of education on the spiritual and cultural life of the country.

Sociology at the Belarusian State University: Origins and Philosophy of Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 31-44
Author(s):  
Alexander N. Danilov
Keyword(s):  
Practical Experience ◽  
State University ◽  
Research Experience ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Science And Education ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Post War ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The article examines the origins and philosophy of the development of sociology at the Belarusian State University (BSU), which has accumulated the wisdom and socio-political thought of Belarusian thinkers of the past, absorbed the research experience of previous generations. Since the beginning of the work of BSU in 1921, the Department of Sociology and Primitive Culture was created (S.Z. Katzenbogen). The course in genetic sociology, which was taught by Professor S.Z. Katzenbogen, to a greater extent resembled a kind of fusion of philosophical and sociological thought and primitive history, was unlike modern ideas about sociological science. This period did not last long. Soon repressions broke out, the Great Patriotic War, and the post-war reconstruction took place, which significantly delayed the development of sociology as an independent science. All this time, sociology functioned in the bosom of philosophical knowledge, where the convergence of meanings and meaningful mutual enrichment took place, the difficult process of accumulating theoretical, methodological and practical experience was going on. The rticle highlights the key role of BSU in institutionalization, development of sociological science and education in Belarus. The leader of the revival of sociology at BSU was Professor G.P. Davidyuk (1923–2020). Following the example of the Belarusian State University, in the 1960s–1970s, sociological structures were created in all the leading universities of the republic; the work of the applied sociology sector of BSU contributed to the development of factory sociology. In 1989, a sociological department and a department of sociology were opened, at the end of 1996, the Center for Sociological and Political Research was established. Since 1997, the scientific and theoretical Journal of BSU. Sociology, and in 2000 the Belarusian Sociological Society began to function, a branch of the Department of Sociology of the Belarusian State University was opened at the Institute of Sociology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. The traditions of previous generations, laid down by the leaders of the Belarusian sociological school, are gradually being transformed, taking into account the development of scientific, technological and informational and communicative progress, revising curricula and training programs for modern sociologists.

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