scholarly journals Die Schule und ihre Problemkinder. (A)Normalität im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert, eine historisch-systematische Analyse

10.35468/5901 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Deluigi
Keyword(s):  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
The Public ◽  
Guiding Principle ◽  
Category Formation ◽  
The One ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Analytical Approaches ◽  
Pedagogical Environment

The book deals with the question of categorization and diagnostic processes in the school sys-tem and the therewith linked specification of normality and deviation. The problem is elabo-rated by a historical-systematic approach: On the basis of current discourses on (un-)desirable characteristics and behavior in school, the question of how these categories have developed in the Swiss educational landscape since the establishment of the public elementary school around 1830 until the beginning of the 20th century is analysed. Among others one guiding principle is, that ideas, concepts, their implementation as well as related measures and actor participation have developed upon the connected history, culture and related systems and that these can only be understood and reflected within this context.The problem is elaborated on the basis of various sources from the pedagogical environment in Switzerland in the 19th century. These can be assigned to the context of the professionali-sation and training of teachers from 1830 onwards. On the one hand, there are pedagogical teaching materials and textbooks from the teacher training seminars of the defined research period. On the other hand, there are profession-specific newspapers – such as the “Schweize-rische Lehrerzeitung” – in which discourses of the teaching staff as well as of other actors are explored in order to negotiate the ideas of normality and deviation. By means of the analysis of the source corpus, in conjunction with discourse-analytical approaches and actor-centered institutionalism, key components in relation to the diagnosis of deviant children at school as well as processes of category formation and application are can be illustrated and analysed. The findings are finally discussed and problematised in the context of educational theories.One of the findings is, that in the development and application of categories it becomes apparent that different categories and patterns of differentiation are applied over different thematic epochs. It is interesting to note that this does not involve a replacement of existing attributions, but rather an addition by new categories, and thus an accumulation of the same. The variety of possibilities for classifying the “abnormal” at school thus increases conti-nuously over time. This accumulation again is associated with new measures and institutional changes. The increasing involvement of various actors and the professionalisation processes taking place are main factors therein. For example, it can be seen that teachers – and thus also elementary schools – did not just rely on achievement-based categories or relevant behavioral patterns at school when deciding to exclude children. They also relied on moral concepts and notions of what was considered “ideal”. Around 1900, the focus was increasingly on assessing socio-economic factors and the “bourgeois” status of family constellations. Among others, poverty, working mothers, “immoral” lifestyles, intellectual limitations or alcoholism served as explanations for schoolchildren’s “deviant” behavior or their bad school marks.

scholarly journals The General Characteristics of Extremism and Analysis of the Current State of the Fight Against Extremist Crimes

Legal Concept ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Svyatoslav Biryukov ◽  
Mikhail Bobovkin ◽  
Mikhail Shmatov
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Law Students ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
General Description ◽  
Public Response ◽  
The Public ◽  
Current State ◽  
Quality Of Protection ◽  
Natural Tendency ◽  
The One

Introduction: the Constitution of the Russian Federation and other Federal laws in this country guarantee the protection of the population against crimes, including criminal attacks of extremist orientation. However, recently there has been a steady trend towards an increase in the number of committed crimes of extremist orientation, which determines the need to improve the quality of protection of individual rights, and along with them, the constitutional framework of the state, since demonstratively committed extremist crimes cause a great public response and contribute to the undermining of state power. The crime statistics show a significant increase in the number of extremist crimes; there is a natural tendency to spread the ideas of extremism among the population. Unfortunately, only some of the extremist crimes are counted as such in the official statistics. The crimes of this category are often registered without taking into account the qualifying feature – the motive of national, racial, religious hatred or enmity, and, as a result, are not considered in the group of crimes of extremism. Another reason for not fully accounting for these crimes is their latency: not all victims of such criminal actions declare this for various objective and subjective reasons. The public danger of crimes of the group in question is due, on the one hand, as usual, to their group character, and on the other hand, such illegal actions incite interethnic and other hatred, which is very harmful in the context of the efforts being made to build a civil society. Currently, the legislative bodies do not clearly pay enough attention to the organization of counteraction to extremism as an anti-social phenomenon. For example, over the past ten years, the problems of countering extremism have been resolved through the adoption of only four normative legal acts of a national nature. In this regard, the authors aim to give a general description of such a phenomenon as extremism and the state of the fight against such crimes. Methods: the methodological framework for this research is a set of methods of scientific knowledge, among which the main ones are the methods of information processing and logical analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction and generalization. Results: the authors’ content of the general characteristics of extremism and analysis of the current state of the fight against crimes of extremist orientation actualizes the problem of the need to improve the state of the theoretical base, prepare recommendations based on it, which would contribute to improving the efficiency of the state authorized bodies in the fight against various manifestations of extremism, and primarily in order to solve and investigate crimes of extremist orientation. Conclusions: the study has given the general characteristics of extremism and the analysis of the current state of the fight against extremist crimes in order to inform law students, and the teaching staff of law schools and practitioners to better understand the characteristics and dangers of this phenomenon.

Psychopathy and the Media

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
The Public ◽  
Moral Insanity ◽  
The Media ◽  
Rational Understanding ◽  
The One ◽  
Medical Treatises ◽  
The 19Th Century

The term “psychopath” has come in popular use to be understood as a description of an individual who seems to have a clear and rational understanding of the world around them; they are not deluded or suffering from hallucinations and yet they seem to be able to act with great cruelty or with recklessness towards the safety of others and themselves. The medical and legal professions have been struggling for over 200 hundred years to reach agreement on whether there might be appropriate psychiatric diagnoses that might helpfully describe such individuals. Various terms such as moral insanity, monomania, psychopathy, and antisocial personality disorder have been used. The term “psychopath” is the one that has become most firmly fixed in the public imagination. The violence and harm that people with these kinds of problems might do can raise a great deal of public anxiety. This anxiety has often played out and been amplified in various forms of the media. This article traces some of the ways that various forms of popular media have been of crucial importance to shaping our understanding of “psychopathy” and the related diagnoses of moral insanity, monomania, and antisocial personality disorder. From the medical treatises and press reporting of notorious trails, and the explorations of dangerous forms of consciousness in the 19th century, to the way that the mass media, including films, have presented such problems, they have often had a key influence on the legal and medical formulations.

scholarly journals Persepsi Para Mubaligh Terhadap Wacana Kontroversi Standardisasi Khatib dan Sertifikasi Mubaligh

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-249
Author(s):  
Arsam Arsam
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Alternative View ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The People ◽  
Research Procedure ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One ◽  
And Behavior

Today, there is a discourse of controversy that disturbs society, especially the muballigh and khatib related to the discourse of standardization of preachers and muballigh certification. Controversy on the discourse of standardization of preachers and certification of muballigh occurred between the government and some circles including the leaders and the mosque or mosque official. On the one hand, the government states that certification of muballigh and standardization of khatib is very necessary and important to do. While on the other hand a number of figures refuse the certification of muballigh and standardization of preacher. From the above background can be formulated “How is the perception of the Muballigh in Banyumas against the controversy of khatib standardization and certification of muballigh? “How are the hopes of the muballigh in Banyumas related to the controversy of khatib standardization and muballigh certification? The type of research used in this study is a qualitative research that is a research procedure that produces deksriptif data in the form of written or oral words of the people and behavior that can be observed. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. The method of data analysis used in this study is the method of data analysis by Mile and Huberman. The results of this study include: a) Views that support adanyba khatib standardization and certification of preachers with records starting with the training and get a salary from the government. b). Views that reject the standardization of preachers and certification preachers. Both terms are deemed inaccurate and more precisely is the formation of forums silaturrahim between preachers and preachers in which is filled with sharing sharing about the problems of preachers and the public. c). Alternative view is to provide a new alternative by empowering the existing religious counselors within the ministry of religion to accompany the preachers or form forum silaturrohim between preachers and preachers. While the expectations of the preachers to the controversy of standardization of preachers and certification of preachers are as follows: a). For preachers to improve their competence so that the goal to give the enlightenment of reason and conscience can be realized. b). For preachers in lectures not to vilify other groups, enlarge khilafiyah and not anti Pancasila and constitution 45.

scholarly journals MODERN FORMS OF DEVIANT BEHAVIOR OF ADOLESCENTS AND THEIR SOCIAL PREVENTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (34) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V ROSLYAKOVA ◽  
◽  
E.G CHERNIKOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Virtual Space ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
Social Partnership ◽  
Legal Literacy ◽  
The One ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Communication Culture

Changes in our life associated with an increase in life activity in the virtual space, determine the emergence of new forms of deviant behavior. Based on the theoretical analysis of modern scientific literature, the article examines such new forms of deviant behavior of adolescents in the information space, such as cyberbullying and shoplifting. It was revealed that cyberbullying is dangerous for adolescents, both those who show aggression (bullers) on the Internet, and for those who are subject to attacks: some develop stable aggressive behavior, others have mental disorders, suicidal manifestations. The tendency of adolescents to shoplifting often speaks of social disinhibition, low legal literacy. A survey of adolescent schoolchildren in Chelyabinsk made it possible to note: on the one hand, their insufficient awareness of the consequences of cyberbullying and shoplifiting, and on the other hand, a high risk of being exposed to their dangerous effects and a low level of prevention of the spread of these socially dangerous phenomena. To solve the problem, a technology of social prevention is proposed, including diagnostic, tentative-target, content-organizational and effective stages, the implementation of which will increase the level of psychological protection of adolescents, form attitudes towards a socially responsible and law-abiding lifestyle, skills for their implementation. Also, conditions are proposed that increase the success of the implementation of this technology in a general educational institution: social partnership based on interdepartmental interaction, as well as pooling the efforts of the school and family, and in the process of increasing the level of communication culture and behavior of adolescents in the virtual space.

scholarly journals Dobroczynność względem sierot na ziemiach polskich do 1918 roku

2019 ◽  
pp. 19-32
Author(s):  
Joanna Domańska
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Institutional Care ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Public Care ◽  
The Public ◽  
City Councils ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Taking Care

Since the baptism of Poland up to 1918, the social care of orphans was diversified. Until the annexations, the care of parentless children in the Polish territories had been environmental and stemmed from voluntary and charitable actions taken up mostly by the Church. The creation of children wards in hospitals and shelters, and the establishment of children’s households in Warsaw as a result of father G. Baudounin’s initiative, might be considered as prototype actions in the complete institutional care of orphaned children. However, during the time of annexations, the situation of orphans became significantly diversified because it depended on the invaders’ policy and the citizens’ activity. Thus, on the one hand, it was created by the occupying country, on the other, it was shaped by tradition. In the territories of each of the conquerors there were periods of liberalization of law, which rendered it possible, at least to some degree, to follow Polish concepts. These were mostly based on philanthropy, charity religious groups, associations and individuals. It needs to be stated that at the beginning of the 21st century, in all of the partitioned territories, the orphanages were governed by obsolete regulations although tried out in other countries. In each of the annexed parts of Poland, the educational and caring actions stemmed from the acquired legislative system. Under the Austrian occupation it was the commune that had the duty of taking care of the parentless children as it was stated in the act passed on 3rd December 1863. In the Prussian part of Poland, the commune’s duty of taking care of the orphans was stated in the act passed in July 1870. It is worth mentioning that the legislative in Prussia was very similar to the Austrian one. The only difference between them was their effectiveness – it was far more efficient in the Prussian province. Under the Russian invasion the regulations concerning the orphanages were quite different. Since the resolution from 1817, the public care of orphans relied on the good will of the society. It was not until the ruling from 1870 that the city councils of public philanthropy, supervising such institutions, were brought to life. At the turn of the 19th century in Poland, especially among social and educational activists, the problem of children’s care became more popular. The necessity of providing care through social actions based on the law was discerned. During World War I, the problem of orphanhood achieved a new dimension, the so-called war orphanhood. It was not effectively taken care of until the end of the war.

PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TEENAGERS PRONE TO DEVIANT BEHAVIOR. ON THE EXAMPLE OF RUSSIAN AND UZBEK TEENAGERS

2020 ◽  
pp. 117-139
Author(s):  
Marina M. Mishina ◽  
◽  
Ksenia A. Vorobyeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
Psychological Climate ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Conflict Situations ◽  
Emotionally Focused ◽  
The One ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Different Cultures

The study of the deviant behavior of adolescents from different cultures allows us to identify cultural differences in their psychological characteristics, as well as to determine the development tendencies of adolescents with deviant behavior. Deviant behavior of adolescents should be viewed as a social intercultural phenomenon. The formation of deviations in the sociocultural behavior of a teenager, on the one hand, can lead to destructive behavior, on the other hand, it allows teenagers to realize their innovative potential and reach a new level of their own development. Results of the research: in the opinion of the authors, the revealed high indicators on the scale of lies of Uzbek adolescents, which represent the reluctance of respondents to socially desirable answers, are interesting. This reflects the specifics of their real thinking and behavior. They have a heightened standard of moral judgment, as well as a special way of perceiving social norms. Emotionally focused coping strategies prevail among Russian adolescents in resolving conflict situations, while among Uzbek adolescents the strategy of avoidance prevails. Practical significance: The development of a psychological and pedagogical program for working with adolescents, prone to deviant behavior, will help to improve the quality of communication with them, and as a result – to improve the psychological climate in families and school collectives, reduce the level of xenophobic attitudes, increase the level of awareness and competence of parents and teachers in understanding the genesis of deviant behavior and ways to prevent it.

scholarly journals Pendidikan Karakter Dalam Sekolah Taman Seminari

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-170
Author(s):  
Adison Adrianus Sihombing
Keyword(s):  
Character Education ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
The Public ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Grand Design ◽  
Directorate General ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

AbstractThis article aims to examine the application of character education in Taman Seminary, the level of early childhood education. The research was conducted at five schools in the Java region in March – August 2019 using qualitative methods. The result shows that the school under the guidance of the Directorate General of Catholic Community Guidance has a positive impact on the growth and development of children's character. Children begin to be independent by eating alone, can make a cross, pray spontaneously before eating, and even children can remind their parents if they forget to pray before eating. This is evident from the recognition of the parents who see changes in the attitudes and behavior of religious, independent, disciplined, and caring. This research recommends that the Directorate General of Catholic Community Guidance make a grand design for the Taman Seminary school and conduct socialization to the public, specifically to the hierarchy of the Catholic Church, so that this policy has full support. In addition, substantial efforts and actions are needed to increase the competence of teaching staff and improve facilities and infrastructure, including class buildings.AbstrakArtikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji penerapan pendidikan karakter di Taman Seminari, jenjang pendidikan anak usia dini. Riset dilakukan pada lima sekolah di regio Jawa pada Maret – Agustus 2019 dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif. Temuannya adalah ternyata sekolah yang berada dalam binaan Ditjen Bimas Katolik ini berdampak positif terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan karakter anak. Anak mulai mandiri dengan makan sendiri, dapat membuat tanda salib, berdoa spontan sebelum makan, bahkan anak dapat mengingatkan orang tuanya jika lupa berdoa sebelum makan. Hal ini terbukti dari pengakuan orang tua siswa yang melihat adanya perubahan sikap dan perilaku anak yang religius, mandiri, disiplin, peduli. Riset ini merekomendasikan agar Ditjen Bimas Katolik membuat grand design sekolah Taman Seminari dan melakukan sosialisasi kepada publik, secara khusus kepada hierarki Gereja Katolik sehingga kebijakan ini mendapat dukungan penuh. Selain itu diperlukan usaha dan tindakan konkret untuk peningkatan kompetensi tenaga pengajar dan perbaikan fasilitas sarana-prasarana termasuk  gedung kelas. 

Preface to the special issue, CMAM 2011, no. 3.

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 272
Author(s):  
Ivan Gavrilyuk ◽  
Boris Khoromskij ◽  
Eugene Tyrtyshnikov
Keyword(s):  
Separation Of Variables ◽  
Numerical Algorithms ◽  
Multilevel Methods ◽  
High Dimensional ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
High Dimensions ◽  
Guiding Principle ◽  
Tensor Methods ◽  
Closed World ◽  
The One

Abstract In the recent years, multidimensional numerical simulations with tensor-structured data formats have been recognized as the basic concept for breaking the "curse of dimensionality". Modern applications of tensor methods include the challenging high-dimensional problems of material sciences, bio-science, stochastic modeling, signal processing, machine learning, and data mining, financial mathematics, etc. The guiding principle of the tensor methods is an approximation of multivariate functions and operators with some separation of variables to keep the computational process in a low parametric tensor-structured manifold. Tensors structures had been wildly used as models of data and discussed in the contexts of differential geometry, mechanics, algebraic geometry, data analysis etc. before tensor methods recently have penetrated into numerical computations. On the one hand, the existing tensor representation formats remained to be of a limited use in many high-dimensional problems because of lack of sufficiently reliable and fast software. On the other hand, for moderate dimensional problems (e.g. in "ab-initio" quantum chemistry) as well as for selected model problems of very high dimensions, the application of traditional canonical and Tucker formats in combination with the ideas of multilevel methods has led to the new efficient algorithms. The recent progress in tensor numerical methods is achieved with new representation formats now known as "tensor-train representations" and "hierarchical Tucker representations". Note that the formats themselves could have been picked up earlier in the literature on the modeling of quantum systems. Until 2009 they lived in a closed world of those quantum theory publications and never trespassed the territory of numerical analysis. The tremendous progress during the very recent years shows the new tensor tools in various applications and in the development of these tools and study of their approximation and algebraic properties. This special issue treats tensors as a base for efficient numerical algorithms in various modern applications and with special emphases on the new representation formats.

PERAN MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PEMBAYARAN RETRIBUSI SAMPAH DI KOTA SAMARINDA

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Abd Rachim AF,
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
The Public ◽  
And Behavior

One of the environmental problems in urban areas is the pollution caused by garbage. The waste problem is caused by various factors such as population growth, living standards changes, lifestyles and behavior, as well as how the waste management system. This study aims to determine how the role of society to levy payments garbage in Samarinda. This research was descriptive; where the data is collected then compiled, described and analyzed used relative frequency analysis. The participation of the public to pay a "levy junk", which stated to pay 96.67%, for each month and the rates stated society cheap, moderate and fairly, respectively 46.08%, 21.21%, 21.04%. Base on the data , the role of the community to pay "levy junk" quite high.

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