scholarly journals Relationships between fish length, otolith size and otolith weight in Sperata aor (Bagridae) and Labeo bata (Cyprinidae) from the Ganga River, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Aafaq Nazir ◽  
M. Afzal Khan
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Trophic Relationships ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
Labeo Bata ◽  
River Ganga ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Otolith Size ◽  
Student’S T Test

The present study was conducted to investigate the relationships between fish length, otolith size and otolith weight. A total of 180 Sperata aor and 171 Labeo bata specimens were collected monthly during January 2016 to March 2017 from the River Ganga at the Narora site. Student’s t-test showed no significant differences in the size of right and left otoliths in the selected fish species, therefore, a single linear regression based on the left otolith was carried out. Fish length was plotted against otolith weight, otolith length and otolith height. Moreover, otolith length was plotted against otolith weight and otolith height. The linear regression model was found to fit the data well for fish length to otolith size in both selected fish species. A strong relationship between otolith length and weight was found in both species (r2 > 0.8). Furthermore, the study revealed that fish length is potentially related to otolith size and a strong relationship between fish length and otolith size exists in S. aor (mean r2 = 0.89) as compared to L. bata (mean r2 = 0.70). Such relationships should be determined for the fish species that are ecologically and socio-economically important in order to understand their trophic relationships, population dynamics and yield estimates.

scholarly journals Haptoglobin study in myasthenia gravis

2008 ◽  
Vol 66 (2a) ◽  
pp. 229-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo H. Mendonça Oliveira ◽  
Marcondes C. França Jr ◽  
Anamarli Nucci ◽  
Denise Madureira de Oliveira ◽  
Elza Myiuki Kimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Myasthenia Gravis ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Functional Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

OBJECTIVE: A cross-sectional study of haptoglobin (Hp) in myasthenia gravis (MG) was designed, with the objective to identify its values and correlate them with different disease status. METHOD: 46 patients were enrolled in the study, all having disease severity established according to the quantitative myasthenia gravis strength scores (QMGSS). Based on the functional scale determined by Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) recommendations, patients were classified as having: complete stable remission (CSR; n=10); minimal manifestations-0 (MM0; n=6), minimal manifestations-1 (MM1; n=4); pharmacological remission (PR; n=6). Two other groups participated: thymomatous patients (T; n=10) and patients without imunosuppression or thymectomy, until the assessment for Hp (WIT; n=10). Hp dosage was done by immunonephelometry, blindly to clinical data. Student's t-test, Anova test and linear regression were employed for statistical analyses. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences occurred between CSR+MM0xWIT groups (86.62x157.57, p<0.001) and PR+MM1xWIT groups (73.93x157.57, p<0.001). Linear regression showed correlation between Hp levels and QMGSS (r=0.759, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that Hp may be useful in clinical practice as a disease severity marker in MG.

scholarly journals Length-weight and length-length relations for 21 fish species caught in Izmir Bay

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-204
Author(s):  
Ali Kara ◽  
Deniz Acarli ◽  
Akın Türker İlkyaz ◽  
Ali Özcan Babaoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Standard Length ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
T Test ◽  
Izmir Bay ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

This study exhibits relationships between length-weight and length-length for 21 fish species caught in Izmir Bay. Coefficients a and b for the length-weight relationships (LWRs) and length-length relationships (LLRs) were calculated with W=aLb formulae and as equations of TL=a+bFL and TL=a+bSL respectively. Equations of length-length for converting standard length and fork length into total length and vice versa were proven linear. The involved relationships were significantly interrelated (R2&gt;0.942). Values b in the LWRs varied from 2.21 to 3.96 (mean ± SE: 3.15 ± 0.08). The student’s t-test showed that 87.9% of values b were significantly different from 3.

scholarly journals The Effect of Different Shades, Voltages and Increment Thickness on the Polymerization Depth of a Microhybrid Composite

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
Farhan Raza Khan ◽  
Muhammad Hasan ◽  
Syed Iqbal Azam
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Dental Composite ◽  
P Value ◽  
Depth Of Cure ◽  
Variable Voltage ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

ABSTRACT Aim Electric fluctuations in the developing world are common and may affect dental composite curing. We determined the effect of variable voltage and increasing thickness of different shades of composite on its depth-of-cure. Materials and methods ISO scrapping method was used on 14 commonly used shades of Esthet-X HD composites. Student's t-test and ANOVA were applied to compare the mean depth-of-cure and a linear regression model was developed using variables voltage (180 V and 220 V), material thickness (2, 4 and 6 mm) and shades (n = 14). Results The mean curing depth of samples was significantly reduced at 180 volts compared to 220 volts (p-value <0.002). At thickness of 2 mm, all samples were fully cured but when it was raised to 4 mm, the depth-of-cure reduced to 1.86 mm ± 0.06; while at 6 mm thickness, it reached to 1.96 mm ± 0.06 (p-value < 0.001). Conclusion Around 82% variation in the depth-of-cure is explained by voltage, thickness and shade of composite material (p-value <0.001). Clinical significance Electric fluctuations are prevalent in the developing world and thus poor voltage flow is responsible for dental composite's inadequate polymerization. How to cite this article Khan FR, Hasan M, Azam SI. The Effect of Different Shades, Voltages and Increment Thickness on the Polymerization Depth of a Microhybrid Composite. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2012;2(2):52-56.

scholarly journals A machine learning-based diagnostic model associated with knee osteoarthritis severity

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soon Bin Kwon ◽  
Yunseo Ku ◽  
Hy uk-soo Han ◽  
Myung Chul Lee ◽  
Hee Chan Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
T Test ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithm ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

Abstract Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is characterized by pain and decreased gait function. We aimed to find KOA-related gait features based on patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) and develop regression models using machine learning algorithms to estimate KOA severity. The study included 375 volunteers with variable KOA grades. The severity of KOA was determined using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). WOMAC scores were used to classify disease severity into three groups. A total of 1087 features were extracted from the gait data. An ANOVA and student’s t-test were performed and only features that were significant were selected for inclusion in the machine learning algorithm. Three WOMAC subscales (physical function, pain and stiffness) were further divided into three classes. An ANOVA was performed to determine which selected features were significantly related to the subscales. Both linear regression models and a random forest regression was used to estimate patient the WOMAC scores. Forty-three features were selected based on ANOVA and student’s t-test results. The following number of features were selected from each joint: 12 from hip, 1 feature from pelvic, 17 features from knee, 9 features from ankle, 1 feature from foot, and 3 features from spatiotemporal parameters. A significance level of < 0.0001 and < 0.00003 was set for the ANOVA and t-test, respectively. The physical function, pain, and stiffness subscales were related to 41, 10, and 16 features, respectively. Linear regression models showed a correlation of 0.723 and the machine learning algorithm showed a correlation of 0.741. The severity of KOA was predicted by gait analysis features, which were incorporated to develop an objective estimation model for KOA severity. The identified features may serve as a tool to guide rehabilitation and progress assessments. In addition, the estimation model presented here suggests an approach for clinical application of gait analysis data for KOA evaluation.

scholarly journals A influência da alavancagem financeira na rentabilidade dos investidores em empresas brasileiras

Revista Foco ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Morgany Rodrigues Jardim ◽  
Handerson Leonidas Sales ◽  
Alexandre Teixeira Norberto Batista ◽  
Roberto Silva da Penha
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
T Test ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Financial Leverage ◽  
Investment Financing ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

A alavancagem financeira consiste na estratégia de aumentar a variação dos resultados em relação às receitas, devido às despesas financeiras advindas do uso de capital terceiros, como financiamento de investimentos. Contudo, nem sempre o adequado nível de endividamento de uma empresa é identificável claramente, e pode provocar uma alavancagem com perdas de resultados. Desse modo, este estudo objetivou verificar qual a influência da alavancagem financeira em relação à rentabilidade dos investidores nas empresas brasileiras. Adotaram-se métodos da estatística descritiva, com intuito de averiguar as correlações entre as variáveis estudadas: GAF e Endividamento; e GAF e ROE. Aplicou-se o teste t de Student para verificar se houve significância das médias das empresas que obtiveram GAF > 1 ou GAF ≤ 1. Os índices de correlação apresentaram-se de forma positiva, mostrando forte relação entre as variáveis. Concluiu-se que é significante o número de empresas que mantiveram sua situação favorável de alavancagem financeira com GAF > 1, tendo o retorno sobre o ativo superior à remuneração paga ao capital de terceiros, sempre atentas às proporções de capital de terceiros utilizados na composição da estrutura de capital. Financial leverage consists of the strategy of increasing the variation of the results in relation to the revenues, due to the financial expenses derived from the use of third capital, as investment financing. However, a company’s adequate level of indebtedness is not always clearly identifiable, and can lead to loss-of-profit leverage. Thus, this study aimed to verify the influence of financial leverage in relation to the profitability of investors in Brazilian companies. Descriptive statistics methods were used in order to ascertain the correlations between the studied variables: GAF and Indebtedness; and GAF and ROE. The Student’s t-test was applied to verify if there was a significance of the means of the companies that obtained GAF > 1 or GAF ≤ 1. The correlation indexes were positive, showing a strong relationship between the variables. It was concluded that the number of companies that maintained their favorable financial leverage situation with GAF > 1 was significant, with a return on the asset higher than the remuneration paid to the capital of third parties, always attentive to the proportions of third-party capital used in the composition of the capital structure.

scholarly journals An RSSI-Based Low-Power Vehicle-Approach Detection Technique to Alert a Pedestrian

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Yoshito Watanabe ◽  
Yozo Shoji
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Neighbor Discovery ◽  
Detection Error ◽  
Received Signal Strength Indicator ◽  
Moving Vehicle ◽  
Passive Method ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

Information about an approaching vehicle is helpful for pedestrians to avoid traffic accidents while most of the past studies related to collision avoidance systems have focused on alerting drivers and controlling vehicles. This paper proposes a technique to detect an approaching vehicle aiming at alerting a pedestrian by observing the variation of the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) of the repeatedly radiated beacons from a vehicle, called the alert beacons. A linear regression algorithm is first applied to RSSI samples. The decision about whether a vehicle is approaching or not is made by the Student’s t-test for the linear regression coefficient. A passive method, where the pedestrian’s device behaves only as a receiver, is first described. The neighbor-discovery-based (ND-based) method, in which the pedestrian’s device repeatedly broadcasts advertising beacons and the moving vehicle in the vicinity returns the alert beacon when it receives the advertising beacon, is then proposed to improve the detection performance as well as reduce the device’s energy consumption. The theoretical detection error rate under Rayleigh fading is derived. It is revealed that the proposed ND-based method achieves a lower detection error rate when compared with the passive method under the same delay.

scholarly journals Change in number of rainy days in the municipality of Visconde de Mauá, Rio de Janeiro

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-303
Author(s):  
André Cleber da S. Bunhak ◽  
Henderson Silva Wanderley
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Weather Station ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Rain Data ◽  
Rainy Days ◽  
Student’S T Test

Climate change has the potential to change the distribution of rainfall. However, for Sul Fluminense this analysis was not performed. Thus, the objective of this research was to identify changes in the number of rainy days in the South Fluminense region. Daily rainfall data from 1938-2011 were used for the study from a weather station located in the municipality of Visconde de Mauá-RJ. The rain data were divided into five classes of days with rain equal to: P = 0; 0 < P ≤ 5; 5 > P ≤ 10; 10 > P ≤ 15; 15 > P ≤ 20. The analysis was performed using the rain data for the months of January (summer) and July (winter). The rain classes were submitted to Student's t test for the linear regression slope to identify possible changes in rainfall classes. For this test, a significance level of 5% was adopted. The analysis showed that the classes 5 > P ≤ 10; 10 > P ≤ 15; 15 > P ≤ 20 for the month of January, showed a reduction, but there was no statistical significance for the test applied. For January only classes 0 < P ≤ 5 showed an increase which statistically significant. In July there was an increase in classes 5 > P ≤ 10 and 10 > P ≤ 15 and reduction in 0 <P ≤ 5 and 15> P ≤ 20. However, without statistical significance for July. Results show greater reduction the rainfall in January.

Fractional Urea Clearance Estimates Using Two Anthropometric Formulas in Continuous Peritoneal Dialysis: Sex, Height, and Body Composition Differences

1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonios H. Tzamaloukas ◽  
Nicholas V. Dombros ◽  
Glen H. Murata ◽  
Nicoletta Nicolopoulou ◽  
Athanasios Dimitriadis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Urea Clearance ◽  
Limits Of Agreement ◽  
A Value ◽  
Continuous Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

Objective To compare estimates of urea volume (V) and KT/V obtained by the Watson and Hume anthropometric formulas, and to identify the similarities and differences between these estimates. Design Theoretical analysis applying wide variations in the determinants of anthropometric V (age, height, weight) in hypothetical women and men. Analysis of urea kinetic studies performed in patients on continuous peritoneal dialysis (CPD). Setting Four dialysis units in Albuquerque, two in Athens, and two in Thessaloniki. Participants Three hundred and two CPD patients who had 440 urea kinetic studies. Intervention Standard urea clearance was performed by 24-hour collections of urine and drained dialysate followed by blood sampling. V was estimated by both the Watson and Hume formulas. Main Outcome Measures Estimates of V and KT/V were compared separately in women and men by Student's t-test, linear regression, and limits of agreement (mean difference±2 SD). The agreement of the KT/V estimates was also tested by the kappa ratio using a value of 1.70 weekly as the lowest acceptable KT/V. Results The theoretical analysis indicated important disagreement only in extreme variations from the ordinary in height and, to a lesser extent, weight. Differences due to height variation were pronounced only in hypothetical women. CPD patient findings were as follows: in women, Watson V and weekly KT/V were 30.4±4.4 L and 2.10±0.61, respectively. Corresponding Hume estimates were 30.3±5.4 L and 2.12±0.66, respectively. Corresponding estimates for men were 40.5±5.7 L and 1.92±0.57 (Watson) plus 41.4±5.6 L and 1.88±0.57 (Hume), respectively. By linear regression, KT/VHume = -0.083 + 1.052 (KT/Vw8tson), r = 0.961 (women); and KT/VHume = -0.026 + 0.992 (KT/Vwatson), r = 0.985 (men). Limits of agreement were -1.41 L and 2.10 L for V, and -0.15 and 0.14 weekly for KT/V. In 94.3% of the cases, KT/Vw8tson and KT/VHume agreed (both >1.70 or both <1.70 weekly). Kappa ratio was 0.875 (excellent agreement). The concordant and discordant groups differed in height and degree of obesity, in agreement with the theoretical analysis. Conclusion The Watson and Hume formulas provide similar estimates of V and KT/V in CPD patients. Differences may be noted only if women's height or, to a lesser extent, both sexes’ weight is at a great variance with the ordinary values.

scholarly journals Η επίδραση της συναισθηματικής νοημοσύνης του άγχους και του θυμού στην υγεία και στη σχετιζόμενη με την υγεία ποιότητα ζωής εφήβων μαθητών

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Μαρία Σταματοπούλου
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
T Test ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

Εισαγωγή: Η σχετιζόμενη με την υγεία ποιότητα ζωής (ΣΥΠΖ) αφορά σε μια πολυδιάστατη έννοια που περιγράφει τις σωματικές, λειτουργικές, κοινωνικές και ψυχολογικές πτυχές της ευημερίας και της λειτουργικότητας του ατόμου. Οι έρευνες, που αντικατοπτρίζουν την άποψη των παιδιών και εφήβων για την ευημερία, τη λειτουργικότητά τους καθώς και για τους προσδιοριστικούς παράγοντες που δύνανται να επηρεάσουν τα ανωτέρω, είναι προς το παρόν διαθέσιμες μόνο σε στοιχειώδη μορφή. Σκοπός: Σκοπός της διδακτορικής διατριβής είναι η διερεύνηση της επίδρασης της συναισθηματικής νοημοσύνης (ΣΝ), του άγχους και του θυμού στην υγεία και στη ΣΥΠΖ των εφήβων. Επιμέρους στόχο αποτελεί η διερεύνηση των ψυχομετρικών ιδιοτήτων της ελληνικής μετάφρασης της σύντομης μορφής της κλίμακας Συναισθηματικής Νοημοσύνης ως Χαρακτηριστικό Γνώρισμα της Προσωπικότητας (TEIQue-ASF) που αφορά σε εφηβικό πληθυσμό.Μέθοδος: Η παρούσα μελέτη εκπονήθηκε σε δύο φάσεις που συντελέστηκαν σε διαφορετικούς μελετώμενους πληθυσμούς. Στην πρώτη φάση, το δείγμα (cluster sampling) αποτελούταν από 440 εφήβους (ποσοστό ανταπόκρισης: 80%), που φοιτούσαν σε δημόσια σχολεία του νομού Λακωνίας. Προκειμένου να εκτιμηθούν οι ψυχομετρικές ιδιότητες της κλίμακας TEIQue-ASF αξιολογήθηκε: α) η αξιοπιστία εσωτερικής συνέπειας, β) η συγκλίνουσα και γ) η επαυξητική εγκυρότητά της. Προς επίτευξη των ανωτέρω χορηγήθηκαν στους μαθητές τέσσερα ερωτηματολόγια: η κλίμακα TEIQue-ASF, η κλίμακα Κεντρικού Μηχανισμού Αυτό-Αξιολόγησης (CSES), η κλίμακα Δυνατοτήτων και Δυσκολιών (SDQ) και ο Κατάλογος Σωματικών Παραπόνων (SCL). Στη δεύτερη φάση της μελέτης, το δείγμα (cluster sampling) απαρτιζόταν 501 μαθητές (ποσοστό ανταπόκρισης 75%), που φοιτούσαν σε δημόσια σχολεία της περιφέρειας Πελοποννήσου και Αττικής. Για τη διερεύνηση του ερευνητικού ζητουμένου οι μαθητές κλήθηκαν να συμπληρώσουν: α) την κλίμακα Kidscreen-27, που αφορά στην αξιολόγηση της ΣΥΠΖ, β) την κλίμακα Αξιολόγησης Θυμού για παιδιά και εφήβους (AES), γ) την κλίμακα Άγχους για Παιδιά (SCAS), δ) τον Κατάλογο Σωματικών Παραπόνων (SCL) και ε) την κλίμακα TEIQue-ASF. Για τη διερεύνηση της ύπαρξης σχέσης μεταξύ μιας ποσοτικής μεταβλητής που ακολουθούσε την κανονική κατανομή και μιας διχοτόμου μεταβλητής χρησιμοποιήθηκε ο έλεγχος t (student’s t-test). Στην περίπτωση που η εξαρτημένη μεταβλητή ήταν ποσοτική μεταβλητή και >2 ανεξάρτητες μεταβλητές προέκυψαν σημαντικές στη διμεταβλητή ανάλυση, εφαρμόστηκε πολλαπλή γραμμική παλινδρόμηση (multivariate linear regression). Αποτελέσματα: Η κλίμακα TEIQue-ASF εμφάνισε καλή εσωτερική συνοχή (cronbach’s alpha :0.87). Η βαθμολογία της παρουσίασε στατιστικά σημαντική συσχέτιση με τις βαθμολογίες των κλιμάκων CSES, SDQ και SCL, παρέχοντας ενδείξεις για τη συγκλίνουσα εγκυρότητά της. Επιπλέον, η κλίμακα TEIQue-ASF ερμήνευσε μεγαλύτερο ποσοστό της διακύμανσης των εξαρτημένων μεταβλητών σε σύγκριση με την κλίμακα CSES εμφανίζοντας επαυξητική εγκυρότητα. Όσον αφορά το δεύτερο στάδιο της μελέτης παρουσιάστηκαν θετικά ισχυρές και στατιστικά σημαντικές συσχετίσεις ανάμεσα στη ΣΝ και τη ΣΥΠΖ (r=0.65, p=0.01) και τις επιμέρους διαστάσεις της (σχολείο και μάθηση, σωματικές δραστηριότητες και υγεία, γενική διάθεση και συναισθήματα, οικογένεια και ελεύθερος χρόνος, φίλοι). Επιπλέον, η ΣΝ εμφάνισε αρνητικά ισχυρή και στατιστικά σημαντική συσχέτιση με την κλίμακα SCL (r= -.48, p< 0.001). Η συνολική βαθμολογία στην κλίμακα του Άγχους παρουσίασε αρνητικά ισχυρή και στατιστικά σημαντική συσχέτιση τόσο με τη συνολική βαθμολογία της κλίμακας της ΣΥΠΖ (r=-0.33, p=0.01), όσο και με τις επιμέρους διαστάσεις της (σχολείο και μάθηση, σωματικές δραστηριότητες και υγεία, γενική διάθεση και συναισθήματα, οικογένεια και ελεύθερος χρόνος, φίλοι). Επίσης, αυξημένα επίπεδα άγχους συνδέθηκαν με υψηλή συχνότητα σωματικών παραπόνων (r=0.58, p<0.001). Οι βαθμολογίες στις διαστάσεις του θυμού ως γνώρισμα, της εξωτερίκευσης καθώς και της καταστολής παρουσίασαν στατιστικά σημαντικές συσχετίσεις τόσο με την κλίμακα σωματικών παραπόνων (με r 0.36, -0.19 και -0.23 αντίστοιχα, για p<0.001) όσο και με τη συνολική βαθμολογία στην κλίμακα της ΣΥΠΖ (r=-0.43, p<0.001) και τις επιμέρους διαστάσεις της (σχολείο και μάθηση, σωματικές δραστηριότητες και υγεία, γενική διάθεση και συναισθήματα, οικογένεια και ελεύθερος χρόνος, φίλοι). Οι τρεις ανεξάρτητες μεταβλητές (συναισθηματική νοημοσύνη, άγχος και θυμός) ερμήνευσαν, από κοινού, ένα υψηλό ποσοστό της διακύμανσης της ΣΥΠΖ (R2Adj= .45, p<0.001) και των σωματικών παραπόνων (R2Adj= .49, p<0.001). Όσον αφορά τα δημογραφικά χαρακτηριστικά η ηλικία, το φύλο καθώς και ο τόπος διαμονής φάνηκε να έχουν σημαντική επίδραση στις μεταβλητές της μελέτης.Συμπεράσματα: Η ΣΝ, το άγχος και ο θυμός έχουν σημαντική επίδραση στην υγεία και στη σχετιζόμενη με την υγεία ποιότητα ζωής του εφηβικού πληθυσμού.

scholarly journals Mental wellbeing among people in prison in Scotland: an analysis of repeat cross-sectional surveys

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily J Tweed ◽  
Xanthippi Gounari ◽  
Lesley Graham
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Scottish Health Survey ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
First Time ◽  
Multiple Episodes ◽  
Item Scale ◽  
Student’S T Test

ABSTRACT Background Mental wellbeing among people in prison is poorly studied, despite featuring in many health and justice policies. We aimed to describe for the first time mental wellbeing among an unselected national prison sample. Methods Since 2013, the Scottish Prisoner Survey—a biennial survey of people in custody in Scotland—has included the Warwick-Edinburgh mental wellbeing scale (WEMWBS), a 14-item scale with higher scores indicating greater wellbeing. We analysed data from sweeps in 2013 (n = 3158), 2015 (n = 2892) and 2017 (n = 2405) using Student’s t-test, ANOVA and multiple linear regression. We also used WEMWBS data from the Scottish Health Survey stratified by age, gender and deprivation to compare with the population at liberty. Results Mean WEMWBS scores overall were 43.4 in 2013 (SD = 12.2), 41.8 (SD = 11.9) in 2015 and 41.2 (SD = 12.3) in 2017. Mean scores were lower among people on remand and with multiple prison episodes. Age-standardized mean scores were lower among people in prison than their peers at liberty. Conclusions Poor mental wellbeing is an important, under-studied facet of the extreme health inequalities associated with imprisonment. These results identify that people on remand or with multiple episodes are particularly disadvantaged and provide a baseline for monitoring impacts of service or policy interventions.

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