scholarly journals Mental wellbeing among people in prison in Scotland: an analysis of repeat cross-sectional surveys

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily J Tweed ◽  
Xanthippi Gounari ◽  
Lesley Graham
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Scottish Health Survey ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
First Time ◽  
Multiple Episodes ◽  
Item Scale ◽  
Student’S T Test

ABSTRACT Background Mental wellbeing among people in prison is poorly studied, despite featuring in many health and justice policies. We aimed to describe for the first time mental wellbeing among an unselected national prison sample. Methods Since 2013, the Scottish Prisoner Survey—a biennial survey of people in custody in Scotland—has included the Warwick-Edinburgh mental wellbeing scale (WEMWBS), a 14-item scale with higher scores indicating greater wellbeing. We analysed data from sweeps in 2013 (n = 3158), 2015 (n = 2892) and 2017 (n = 2405) using Student’s t-test, ANOVA and multiple linear regression. We also used WEMWBS data from the Scottish Health Survey stratified by age, gender and deprivation to compare with the population at liberty. Results Mean WEMWBS scores overall were 43.4 in 2013 (SD = 12.2), 41.8 (SD = 11.9) in 2015 and 41.2 (SD = 12.3) in 2017. Mean scores were lower among people on remand and with multiple prison episodes. Age-standardized mean scores were lower among people in prison than their peers at liberty. Conclusions Poor mental wellbeing is an important, under-studied facet of the extreme health inequalities associated with imprisonment. These results identify that people on remand or with multiple episodes are particularly disadvantaged and provide a baseline for monitoring impacts of service or policy interventions.

scholarly journals Haptoglobin study in myasthenia gravis

2008 ◽  
Vol 66 (2a) ◽  
pp. 229-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo H. Mendonça Oliveira ◽  
Marcondes C. França Jr ◽  
Anamarli Nucci ◽  
Denise Madureira de Oliveira ◽  
Elza Myiuki Kimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Myasthenia Gravis ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Functional Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

OBJECTIVE: A cross-sectional study of haptoglobin (Hp) in myasthenia gravis (MG) was designed, with the objective to identify its values and correlate them with different disease status. METHOD: 46 patients were enrolled in the study, all having disease severity established according to the quantitative myasthenia gravis strength scores (QMGSS). Based on the functional scale determined by Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) recommendations, patients were classified as having: complete stable remission (CSR; n=10); minimal manifestations-0 (MM0; n=6), minimal manifestations-1 (MM1; n=4); pharmacological remission (PR; n=6). Two other groups participated: thymomatous patients (T; n=10) and patients without imunosuppression or thymectomy, until the assessment for Hp (WIT; n=10). Hp dosage was done by immunonephelometry, blindly to clinical data. Student's t-test, Anova test and linear regression were employed for statistical analyses. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences occurred between CSR+MM0xWIT groups (86.62x157.57, p<0.001) and PR+MM1xWIT groups (73.93x157.57, p<0.001). Linear regression showed correlation between Hp levels and QMGSS (r=0.759, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that Hp may be useful in clinical practice as a disease severity marker in MG.

scholarly journals Potential intravenous drug incompatibilities in a pediatric unit

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla Dalliane Batista Leal ◽  
Ramon Weyler Duarte Leopoldino ◽  
Rand Randall Martins ◽  
Lourena Mafra Veríssimo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Student’S T Test

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate potential intravenous drug incompatibilities and related risk factors in a pediatric unit. Methods A cross-sectional analytical study conducted in the pediatric unit of a university hospital in Brazil. Data on prescriptions given to children aged 0-15 years from June to October 2014 were collected. Prescriptions that did not include intravenous drugs and prescriptions with incomplete dosage regimen or written in poor handwriting were excluded. Associations between variables and the risk of potential incompatibility were investigated using the Student’s t test and ANOVA; the level of significance was set at 5% (p<0.05). Relative risks were calculated for each drug involved in potential incompatibility with 95% confidence interval. Results A total of 222 children participated in the study; 132 (59.5%) children were male and 118 (53.2%) were aged between 0 and 2 years. The mean length of stay was 7.7±2.3 days. Dipyrone, penicillin G and ceftriaxona were the most commonly prescribed drugs. At least one potential incompatibility was detected in about 85% of children (1.2 incompatibility/patient ratio). Most incompatibilities detected fell into the non-tested (93.4%), precipitation (5.5%), turbidity (0.7%) or chemical decomposition (0.4%) categories. The number of drugs and prescription of diazepam, phenytoin, phenobarbital or metronidazole were risk factors for potential incompatibility. Conclusion Most pediatric prescriptions involved potential incompatibilities, with higher prevalence of non-tested incompatibilities. The number of drugs and prescription of diazepam, phenobarbital, phenytoin or metronidazole were risk factors for potential incompatibilities.

scholarly journals The nasal index in brazilian human skeletons

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. e18337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Chaves Cardoso Fernandes ◽  
Marcus Vitor Diniz de Carvalho ◽  
Eduardo Daruge Júnior ◽  
Luiz Francesquini Júnior ◽  
Patrícia Moreira Rabello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Race ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Brazilian Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Human Skulls ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Digital Caliper ◽  
Student’S T Test

Aim: To investigate the percentage of correctness (PC) of the Nasal Index (NI) in human skeletons for determination of sex, ancestry and estimation of age in the Brazilian population. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 173 human skulls belonging to the Piracicaba Dental School. 93 skeletons were males and 80 females; 34 were aged up to 39 years, 56 between 40 and 59 years, and 83 60 years or older; 96 were from white individuals, 49 were from mixed-race and 28 from black individuals. High-precision digital caliper was used to measure nasal height (NH=ANS-nasion) and the maximum nasal width (NW) values, which were applied into the formula NI=NW/NHx100. The data were submitted to discriminant analysis and Student’s t test with equal variances, Mann-Whitney, F (ANOVA), Tukey and Kruskal Wallis, 5% significance level. Results: Dominant nasal type in the Brazilian population was the mesorine. Males showed nasal height and width values greater than those of females, with statistically significant differences in all measurements (p≤0.021) and PC of 76.6%. Similar nasal measurements were found regardless of age (p>0.05), with PC of 41.7%. Ancestral analysis revealed that black individuals have greater nasal width (26.35) and nasal index (53.67) than white ones (24.60 and 49.25), while mixed-race individuals showed intermediate values (25.36 and 52.13) (p<0.05). Nevertheless, these measurements presented an estimated PC of 54.3%. Conclusion: The Nasal Index can be better used for sex determination than for estimation of age and ancestry in the Brazilian population, as the latter showed intermediate and low percentage of correctness, respectively.

scholarly journals Craniometric study of the Orbital Index in brazilian skulls

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Chaves Cardoso FERNANDES ◽  
Patrícia Moreira RABELLO ◽  
Bianca Marques SANTIAGO ◽  
Marcus Vitor Diniz de CARVALHO ◽  
Manoel Raimundo de SENA JÚNIOR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Race ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Brazilian Sample ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Right ◽  
Student’S T Test

ABSTRACT Objetive To determine the percentage of correctness of the Orbital Index (OI) for estimation of sex, ancestry and age in Brazilian skulls. Methods Cross-sectional study of 183 human dry skulls from the southeastern Brazil. A total of 100 skeletons were males and 83 females; of which 36 were aged up to 39 years, 60 aged between 40 and 59 years, and 87 aged 60 years or older. As for ancestry, 103 were from white, 51 mixed race, and 29 black individuals. The OI was calculate by the formula = height/width x 100. The data were submitted to Student’s t test, F (ANOVA), Tukey and Kruskal Wallis tests as well as to discriminant analysis, with a 5% significance level. Results The sample was characterized as mesoseme, with a mean age of 56.62 (±19.97) years. No significant difference was observed (p=0.511) between the OI in females (right: 86.43 ± 6.58 and left: 86.70 ± 5.93) and males (right: 85.78 ± 6.69 and left: 86.37 ± 6.20). There were no significant differences between age, ancestry and the variables analyzed (p>0.05). The right and left orbital widths were significantly dimorphic between sexes (p<0.001). The percentage of correctness of the method for estimation of sex, age and ancestry was found to be 65.6%, 43.7%, and 43.6%, respectively. Conclusions The OI is not an appropriate method for estimation of sex, ancestry and estimation of age in this Brazilian sample. The methodology should be expanded to other population groups so that it can be improved.

Lymphoscintigraphic findings: delayed oedema after great saphenous vein harvesting

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 185-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
C E Q Belczak ◽  
J M P de Godoy ◽  
A F Cruz ◽  
A L Tyszca ◽  
H J G Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saphenous Vein ◽  
Coronary Bypass ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Water Displacement ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Alpha Error ◽  
Student’S T Test

Objective The aim of this study was to identify lymphoscintigraphic changes associated with lower-extremity oedema after the harvesting of the saphenous vein using a series of short Q2 incisions for coronary bypass. Method Forty-four patients (32 males and 12 females) with a mean age of 62.7 ± 7.8 (47–75 years old) were evaluated in a retrospective, quantitative, cross-sectional study from June 2007 to January 2008, three to 188 months (mean: 46 months) after the surgical procedure. Assessment was by water displacement volumetry and lymphoscintigraphy of the lower limbs. Results expressed as means with standard deviations were compared employing the Student's t-test and the chi-square or Fisher's exact tests were used to compare data expressed as frequencies. An alpha error of 5% was considered acceptable ( P ≤ 0.05). Results The presence of dermal backflow, as identified by lymphoscintigraphy with an accumulation of radiotracer in the thoracic duct and popliteal lymph nodes was significantly greater on the operated side. Conclusion There was a significant association between dermal backflow and delayed oedema.

scholarly journals Prevalence of fatigue reported by physiotherapists operating diathermy equipment for microwave

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 577-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria das Graças Anguera ◽  
Reinaldo José Gianini
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Physical Therapists ◽  
T Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Independent Association ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Microwave Diathermy ◽  
Student’S T Test

Objective: To Analyze the association between prevalence of fatigue referred by physical therapists and their occupational exposure to radiation emitted by therapeutic microwave diathermy equipment. Methods: A Cross-sectional study conducted in 193 physical therapists from four cities of the west of Paraná State, Brazil. A specified structured web questionnaire was applied for collecting data about microwave diathermy exposition and potential confounders, plus the Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue (MAF). Statistical analysis included logistic regression and Student's t-test. Results: The prevalence of fatigue in the category exposed to microwave diathermy was higher (15.0%) than in non-exposed (2.9%). On multivariate logistic regression, a significant independent association between exposure to microwave diathermy and prevalence of fatigue was observed (odds ratio 4.93; 95% confidence interval 1.04 - 23.25; p = 0.04). The Student's t-test showed significant difference between the number of hours exposed to diathermy microwave, being 3,839.1 within physical therapists who referred fatigue and 497.6 within others (p = 0.004). Conclusion: The results demonstrate a significant and independent association between occupational exposure of physical therapists to radiation of microwave diathermy and prevalence of fatigue. Therefore, occupational safety guidelines aimed at these professionals as a prevention of possible adverse effects, as well as the replication of this study are suggested.

scholarly journals Diastasis recti abdominis during pregnancy and 12 months after childbirth: prevalence, risk factors and report of lumbopelvic pain

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (17) ◽  
pp. 1092-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorun Bakken Sperstad ◽  
Merete Kolberg Tennfjord ◽  
Gunvor Hilde ◽  
Marie Ellström-Engh ◽  
Kari Bø
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Diastasis Recti ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
First Time ◽  
Diastasis Recti Abdominis ◽  
Student’S T Test

Background/aimDiastasis recti abdominis (DRA) is defined as a separation of the 2 muscle bellies of rectus abdominis. To date there is scant knowledge on prevalence, risk factors, and consequences of the condition. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of DRA during pregnancy and post partum, presence of possible risk factors, and the occurrence of lumbopelvic pain among women with and without DRA.MethodsThis prospective cohort study followed 300 first-time pregnant women from pregnancy till 12 months post partum. Data were collected by electronic questionnaire and clinical examinations. DRA was defined as a palpated separation of ≥2 fingerbreadths either 4.5 cm above, at or 4.5 cm below the umbilicus. Women with and without DRA were compared with independent samples Student's t-test and χ2/Fisher exact test, and OR with significance level >0.05.ResultsPrevalence of DRA was 33.1%, 60.0%, 45.4%, and 32.6% at gestation week 21, 6 weeks, 6 months and 12 months post partum, respectively. No difference in risk factors was found when comparing women with and without DRA. OR showed a greater likelihood for DRA among women reporting heavy lifting ≥20 times weekly (OR 2.18 95% CI 1.05 to 4.52). There was no difference in reported lumbopelvic pain (p=0.10) in women with and without DRA.ConclusionsPrevalence of mild DRA was high both during pregnancy and after childbirth. Women with and without DRA reported the same amount of lumbopelvic pain 12 months post partum.

scholarly journals Adesão ao protocolo de prevenção de infecção do trato urinário

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2675
Author(s):  
Thelma Helena Anghinoni ◽  
Ligia Marcia Contrin ◽  
Isabela Shumaher Frutuoso ◽  
Alexandre Lins Werneck ◽  
Ana Maria Rodrigues Da Silveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nursing Team ◽  
High Adherence ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
High Level ◽  
Student’S T Test

RESUMOObjetivo: identificar a adesão ao protocolo de prevenção de infecção do trato urinário de acordo com as condições de higiene, identificação, fixação e localização da sonda vesical de demora. Método: trata-se de estudo quantitativo, de campo, analítico, explicativo e transversal, com dados coletados por meio de checklist à beira do leito em seis UTIs. Analisaram-se os resultados pelo Teste Estatístico de Regressão Linear Múltipla e teste t de Student, apresentados em tabelas. Resultados: identificaram-se que das 945 checagens, 403 homens e 346 mulheres necessitaram de SVD. Encontraram-se resultados estatisticamente significantes ao cruzar SVD fixada com tempo de internação e com o sexo; SVD/sujidade com o tempo de internação e com o sexo; SVD identificada com tempo de internação. Consideram-se o principal motivo da infecção o uso de SVD e o microrganismo mais prevalente, a Escherichia Coli. Conclusão: verificou-se alta adesão da equipe de enfermagem ao protocolo de prevenção de infecção do trato urinário, com baixo índice de infecção e alto nível de conformidades em relação à higiene, identificação, fixação e localização da SVD. Descritores: Equipe de Enfermagem; Infecção; Trato Urinário; Protocolos; Segurança Do Paciente; Unidades de Terapia Intensiva.ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the adherence to the protocol of prevention of infection of the urinary tract according to the conditions of hygiene, identification, fixation and location of the bladder catheter of delay. Method: this is a quantitative, field-based, analytical, and cross-sectional study with data collected through the bedside checklist at six ICUs. The results were analyzed by the Multiple Linear Regression Statistical Test and Student's t test, presented in tables. Results: it was identified that of the 945 checks, 403 men and 346 women required SVD. Statistically significant results were found when crossing SVD fixed with hospitalization time and with sex; SVD / soil with time of hospitalization and with sex; SVD identified with length of hospital stay. The main reason for the infection is the use of SVD and the most prevalent microorganism, Escherichia coli. Conclusion: there was a high adherence of the nursing team to the protocol for the prevention of urinary tract infection, with a low infection rate and a high level of compliance regarding hygiene, identification, fixation and location of SVD. Descriptors: Nursing Team; Infection; Urinary Tract; Protocols; Patient Safety; Intensive Care Units.RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar la adhesión al protocolo de prevención de infección del tracto urinario de acuerdo con las condiciones de higiene, identificación, fijación y localización de la sonda vesical de demora. Método: se trata de estudio cuantitativo, de campo, analítico, -explicativo y transversal, con datos recogidos por medio de checklist al borde del lecho en seis UTIs. Se analizaron los resultados por el Test Estadístico de Regresión Lineal Múltiple y test t de Student, presentados en tablas. Resultados:  se identificaron que de las 945 chequeos, 403 hombres y 346 mujeres necesitaron SVD. Se encontraron resultados estadísticamente significantes al cruzar SVD fijada con tiempo de internación y con el sexo; SVD / suciedad con el tiempo de internación y con el sexo; SVD identificada con tiempo de internación. Se considera el principal motivo de la infección el uso de SVD y el microorganismo más prevalente, la Escherichia Coli. Conclusión: se verificó alta adhesión del equipo de enfermería al protocolo de prevención de infección del tracto urinario, con bajo índice de infección y alto nivel de conformidades en relación a la higiene, identificación, fijación y localización de la SVD. Descriptores: Grupo de Enfermería; Infección; Sistema Urinario; Protocolos; Seguridad del Paciente; Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos.

scholarly journals PRIMARY HEALTH CARE ATTRIBUTES IN BREASTFEEDING CARE

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Camargo de Oliveira Melo ◽  
Ana Márcia Spanó Nakano ◽  
Juliana Cristina dos Santos Monteiro ◽  
Maria Cândida de Carvalho Furtado
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Degree Of Orientation ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

ABSTRACT Objective: TO analyze the presence and extent of the Primary Health Care attributes in the breastfeeding process based on the experience of the health professionals in the services certified by the Amamenta Brasil Network in comparison with non-certified services. Method: cross-sectional and descriptive study with a quantitative approach, using the PCATool-Brazil - version for professionals, which was applied to 53 health professionals, physicians and nurses, from a city in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was applied, using Student’s t-test and the Mann-Whitney test. Results: the services certified by the Amamenta Brasil Network scored higher on Longitudinality(6.7)and Coordination-information systems (8.3).The professionals who were trained by the Amamenta Brasil Network scored higher on Coordination-information systems(8.4)and on Comprehensiveness - available services (7.0).These two groups also gave more positive answers to the other attributes. Conclusion: the services certified by and the professionals who were trained by the Amamenta Brasil Network demonstrated a higher degree of orientation towards Primary Health Care. The data appoint that the better performance on the attributes is related, among other factors, to the professionals’ being better qualified to develop practices that value the promotion, protection and support of breastfeeding, in accordance with the principles of Primary Health Care.

scholarly journals Contraste de experiencias de estudiantes universitarios en dos escenarios educativos: enseñanza en línea vs. enseñanza remota de emergencia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (65) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamaly Alhelí Niño Carrasco ◽  
Juan Carlos Castellanos-Ramírez ◽  
Felipe Patrón Espinosa
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Online Teaching ◽  
Open Future ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Probabilistic Sampling ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Evaluation Of Learning ◽  
Teaching Setting ◽  
Student’S T Test ◽  
Estudiantes Universitarios

El objetivo del trabajo fue explorar las experiencias de estudiantes universitarios entorno a la acción instruccional recibida en un escenario de enseñanza en línea, antes de la Covid-19, y en un escenario de enseñanza remota de emergencia, durante la pandemia. Para ello, se optó por realizar un estudio transversal-correlacional con muestreo no probabilístico de participantes voluntarios; la muestra estuvo conformada por 301 estudiantes matriculados en una universidad mexicana. Para contrastar las experiencias de un mismo grupo de estudiantes en los dos escenarios, se diseñó un cuestionario autoaplicado de escala tipo Likert compuesto de 24 ítems; el análisis de los datos se realizó mediante el cálculo de frecuencias porcentuales y, además, se aplicó la prueba t de Student para muestras relacionadas. Se constató que las medias fueron mayores para el escenario de enseñanza en línea en comparación con el escenario de enseñanza remota de emergencia, aunque solo se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entorno al diseño instruccional, la evaluación de los aprendizajes y la participación de los estudiantes en las asignaturas. Los resultados también ponen de manifiesto un par de limitaciones metodológicas y, a la vez, un conjunto de preguntas que abren líneas futuras de trabajo. The objective of these work was to explore the experiences of university students about the instructional action in an online teaching setting, before Covid-19, and in emergency remote teaching setting, during the pandemic. For this, a cross sectional-correlational study with non-probabilistic sampling of voluntary participants was carried out; the sample consisted of 301 students enrolled in a Mexican university. To contrast the experiences of the same group of students in the two scenarios, a self-applied Likert-type questionnaire was designed, composed of 24 items; the data analysis was performed calculating percentage frequencies, and in addition Student's t test was applied for related samples. It was found that the means were higher for the online teaching scenario compared to the emergency remote teaching scenario, although statistically significant differences were only found regarding the instructional design, the evaluation of learning and the participation of students in the subjects. The results also reveal a couple of methodological limitations and, at the same time, a set of questions that open future lines of work.

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