scholarly journals Developments in Studies on Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions, 1996–2011

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-64
Author(s):  
Samra Chaudary ◽  
Saad Shahid
Keyword(s):  
Mergers And Acquisitions ◽  
International Business ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Publication Trends ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
The World ◽  
Selection Of

This paper analyzes the methodological and publication trends in the literature on cross-border mergers and acquisitions over three five-year periods, 1996–2001, 2001–06, and 2006–11. Based on a selection of 23 journals and a sample of 170 articles, we use advanced cross-tabulations to study the publication and methodological trends that have emerged in North America, Europe, and other regions. Our main findings are as follows. A+-rated journals tend to accept the use of regression as a key technique. Top-tier journals accept papers primarily in finance and accounting and international business. Researchers’ interest in international business has increased at a rising rate, and increased at a falling rate in finance and accounting. The publication of conceptual quantitative articles has increased significantly by 45 percent over the 15-year period. About 98 percent of the total sample uses modeling as a methodology and is accepted by A+- and A-rated journals. Cross-sectional studies are more popular than longitudinal studies. The financial institutions industry has been studied the most in all parts of the world and at an increasing rate over the period under review. Researchers’ interest in manufacturing industries has, however, declined over the 15 years in all regions.

scholarly journals The Effect of Visual Merchandising on Impulsive Buying with Impulsive Buying Tendency As Moderating Variable

The Winners ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Jessica Novia
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Impulse Buying ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Impulsive Buying ◽  
The World ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Visual Merchandising ◽  
Buying In

This research aims to classify the female consumer demographic segments linked by impulsive buying, to determine the effect of visual merchandising on impulsive buying, and to determine the effect of visual merchandising on impulsive buying with impulsive buying tendency as moderating variable on customers of Gaudi in Taman Anggrek Mall. This research is quantitative research with a total sample of 100 people. Data were obtained by distributing questionnaires to the respondents by cross sectional. Research used Cluster Analysis and Moderated Regression Analysis. Data processing was performed using SPSS software for Windows version 20. Research found that customers of Gaudi were divided into three groups: the way of the world, sufficient money, and promotions. Then, research found that visual merchandising affected impulsive buying. In addition, there visual merchandising had also an effect on impulsive buying with impulsive buying tendency as moderating variable. As a conclusion, moderating variable strengthens the effect of visual merchandising on impulse buying.

Organizational characteristics of cross-border mergers and acquisitions

2018 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Li ◽  
K.S. Redding ◽  
En Xie
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Finance ◽  
International Business ◽  
Organizational Characteristics ◽  
Group Affiliation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
The World ◽  
Target Country

PurposeGiven that several publicly announced international merger and acquisition deals have been abandoned in recent years, the purpose of this paper is to present a synthesis of influential articles that examine organizational characteristics of cross-border acquisition transactions. The synthesis is framed through general traits and resources, learning and prior acquisition experience, and top-level management and governance attributes. Specifically, the paper conceptualizes key organizational attributes influencing the propensity of cross-border negotiations, and the most common characteristics and post-deal effects by illustrating several case examples from around the world.Design/methodology/approachOwing to fairness and integrity principles of the literature survey studies, the paper adopts an exploratory review design to present a synthesis of several influential articles published in strategy, international business and corporate finance journals. Since case method and storytelling are the best qualitative approaches to conceptualizing extant theoretical contributions, a number of case examples—successful, delayed and abandoned—from around the world have been discussed by leveraging the case information from archival sources.FindingsDrawing on resource-based view, organizational learning, upper echelons and agency theory perspectives, the paper underscores three observations. First, organizational characteristics such as firm age, firm size, ownership structure, slack resources, marketing resources, technological intensity, export intensity and business group affiliation have different impacts on the propensity of publicly announced cross-border deals. Second, firm’s prior acquisition experience and firm’s acquisition experience in the target country have positive or moderating effects on the success of a cross-border merger. Third, top-level management characteristics such as CEO foreign nationality and CEO international career experience, and governance characteristics such as board size, the number of independent directors and directors with overseas experience, have mixed effects on the incidence of cross-border acquisitions.Practical implicationsThe paper puts forth several recommendations for top-level managers participating in cross-border acquisition negotiations, such as learning from peers in the same industry, learning from predecessors in the target country and learning from failure negotiations in the same industry and other industries.Originality/valueNested within the organizational, international business strategy and corporate finance literature, the paper presents a synthesis of influential publications that study organizational characteristics affecting the propensity of cross-border acquisitions. The cases discussed in this paper are unique examples from around the world.

Psychological Effects of Attack on the World Trade Center: Analysis before and after

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 587-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Cody Wilson ◽  
Beth Spenciner Rosenthal
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
World Trade ◽  
World Trade Center ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
World Trade Center Attack ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The World ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Trade Center

Four different studies using a total sample of 711 from the same New York City student population tested a model that has emerged from previous research on disasters. The model suggests that postdisaster psychological distress is a function of exposure to the disaster, predisaster psychological distress, acute distress following the disaster, time elapsed between disaster and observation of distress, and additional traumatic experiences since the disaster. Although findings replicate those of previous cross-sectional studies regarding association of exposure and distress after the disaster, before and after studies did not detect an effect on postdisaster psychological distress of the World Trade Center attack. Great caution must be used in attributing elevated psychological distress observed postdisaster to the effects of the disaster.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT FACTORS FOR CROSS-BORDER B2C E-COMMERCE IN THE WORLD AND IN POLAND

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 161-168
Author(s):  
Dariusz Strzębicki
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Online Marketing ◽  
Levels Of Selection ◽  
Electronic Marketplaces ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Internal Markets ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
The World ◽  
Selection Of

The study attempted to identify the factors determining the development of CBEC B2C e-commerce in the world and in Poland. The level of CBEC development in selected countries has been shown. CBEC is a dynamically developing trading sector in the world. Countries differ in terms of CBEC development, which is due to the varying levels of selection of the products in their internal markets and the economic development of a particular country. CBEC’s worldwide development is also largely due to the international B2C electronic marketplaces. The barriers to the development of CBEC in the world include inadequate regulations to CBEC specificity, problems and costs of logistics and difficulties in conducting online marketing on foreign markets.

scholarly journals A Country-Level Analysis of Worldwide Official Financing by International Financial Institutions

sjesr ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-146
Author(s):  
Abdul Basit ◽  
Tehmina Fiaz Qazi ◽  
Abdul Aziz Khan
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
International Financial Institutions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Country Level ◽  
The World ◽  
Grey Relational Grade ◽  
Grey Relational

This study aims to evaluate worldwide official financial flows by international financial institutions to selected 123 countries of the world. The design of the study is composed of a review of literature elicited from research databases, extraction of secondary data of World Development Indicators (WDI) 2020, and mathematical analysis. In real time, cross-sectional country-level data, a classical process of Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) has been applied. Results of the study show that Argentina, Ethiopia, Bangladesh, India, Egypt, Arab Rep., Kenya, Costa Rica, Vietnam, Chad, Tanzania, Colombia, Uzbekistan, Nepal, Indonesia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Cameroon, and Uganda have exceptionally high grey relational grade meaning thereby, having an effective system of obtaining official international financial flows. Zimbabwe, Russian Federation, Botswana, Afghanistan, Bulgaria, South Africa, Burundi, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Armenia, Pakistan, Peru, Romania, and Ukraine have poor grey relational grade meaning thereby, having a relatively weak system of obtaining official financial flows. It is a unique study that provides extensive information on the official financial flows of more than a hundred countries of the world and provides the basis for the informed opinion of policymakers, political governments, economic policymakers, researchers, and academia. It also provides valuable information useful for international financial institutions.

scholarly journals Analysis Of Smoking Behavioral Factors In Adolescents During Covid-19 Pandemic In Aru Islands Maluku

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 196-203
Author(s):  
Novalin Wakim ◽  
Milla Evelianti Saputri ◽  
Milya Helen
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Smoking Behaviour ◽  
P Value ◽  
Behavioral Factors ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Good Education ◽  
The World ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background: Smoking has become a habit of Indonesian society. This behavior is not only found in adults but also in adolescents over 15 years. Indonesia ranks third out of the ten largest smoking countries in the world. There are 33.37% of the population of the Aru Islands aged over 15 years who have a smoking habit. This behaviour in adolescents occurs due to invitations from peers, being ridiculed by friends if they do not smoke, desire to try new things, fad, addicted, imitating parents and the influence of the mass media.Purpose: This study aimed to determine the factors of smoking behaviour in adolescents in Aru Islands, Maluku.Methods: This study used a cross sectional approach with a total sample of 72 respondents using purposive sampling technic. This research used questionnaire as instrument, whereas the data were analysed using the chi-square test to relate the analysed data to the chi-square of age, education, knowledge, and stress levels.Results: The results shows that there are relationships between age (p. value 0.015), education (p. value 0.005), knowledge (p. value 0.038) and stress levels (p. value 0.035) on smoking behaviour in the Aru Islands region, Maluku.Conclusion: The hope is that with good education and knowledge, teenagers in these areas will be more easily exposed to information about the dangers and impacts of smoking at a young age and not use cigarettes as an escape to deal with stress

Effects of Cross-border Merger and Acquisition on the Operational Risk of US and Canadian Companies

2020 ◽  
pp. 097215091989509
Author(s):  
Bruno Lopes de Paula ◽  
Daiana Paula Pimenta ◽  
Ricardo Limongi França Coelho ◽  
Jaluza Maria Lima Silva Borsatto ◽  
Rafael Manoel de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Mergers And Acquisitions ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Operational Risk ◽  
Merger And Acquisition ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship

The integration of the world economies is responsible for an increase in the number of cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&A), together with the growing participation of companies from emerging countries in this type of investment. However, the area studies focus their analyses on the determinants, antecedents and profitability of the companies, leaving the effects of this type of business on the operational risk of the companies involved as a gap to be explored. To fill it, we used panel data regressions to identify the relationship between cross-border M&A and the operational risk of companies. The results indicate that acquiring companies based in emerging economies are the ones that suffer the most significant impacts on this type of business. As the implication, this study serves as a basis for the decision-making of the managers of the acquiring companies, being able to identify the risks of this activity and the ways of preventing them.

scholarly journals factors related to the event of gastritis disease in kelurahan tanjung pinang, jambi city in 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Melda Yenni ◽  
Sugiarto Sugiarto ◽  
Rumiati Rumiati
Keyword(s):  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
The World ◽  
Chi Square Test

Non-communicable diseases are a major health problem in developing countries that are experiencing a demographic transition and a decline in lifestyle in their communities. The WHO 2013 World Health Research Agency, conducted a review of several countries in the world, obtained a percentage of gastritis in the world, including Britain 22%, China 31%, Japan 14.5%, Canada 35%, and France 29.5%. Based on data from the Jambi City Health Office from 20 puskesmas the number of gastritis cases was 83.21% and the highest number of gastritis events was at tanjung pinang health center, which was 5.91%. This study was conducted to determine the factors associated with the incidence of gastritis in Tanjung Pinang Village, Jambi City. The research design used was quantitative with a cross sectional approach. The population in this study was the productive age community in the area of Tanjung Pinang which numbered 9,489 people. The sampling technique uses Random Sampling techniques with a total sample of 95 respondents. This research was conducted on September 28, October 16, 2018. Data obtained were analyzed by univariate and bivariate using the Chi-Square test. The results showed that there was a relationship between eating patterns with the incidence of gastritis p-value 0,000 (P-Value <0.05), coffee consumption with the incidence of gastritis p-value 0.027 (P-Value <0.05) and the relationship of stress levels with Gastritis incidence p-value 0,000 (P-Value <0.05). It is expected that respondents and the community will always maintain a regular diet, reduce or limit coffee consumption in a day, and exercise for one hour and relax regularly, recreation/refreshing, share or manage work time properly

scholarly journals Cross Border Tourism in Nigeria Border State and its Socio-Economic Impact on Development

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Omolomo Odunayo Tobora
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Interview Method ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
The World ◽  
Socio Economic Impact ◽  
Conceptual Research ◽  
Selection Of

Tourism is very vibrant sector in the world economy apart from contributing significantly to the Gross domestic product (GDP) of many countries, it provides employment for a huge percentage of the world populate. Cross boarder tourism can be defined as the activities of persons traveling across the broader to stay in places outside their usual environment for a reasonable period of time. The objective of this paper is to examine impact of socio-economic of tourism in Lagos Simple random sampling technique will be use in the selection of respondents qualitative interview method will be adopted. Data will be analyzed using percentile and chi-square. The study revealed among other things that tourism had been found to a great player in the economy an endowed nation. Essentially, the study discovered that the nation stand to gain economically from this sector if it is properly developed. In the conclusion, I will present research approach employed for validating conceptual research framework.

scholarly journals Generation Y-Turnover: A Complementary Fit Perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1(J)) ◽  
pp. 217-231
Author(s):  
Abdelbaset Queiri ◽  
Araby Madbouly
Keyword(s):  
Generation Y ◽  
Turnover Intention ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Human Resource Managers ◽  
Business Process Outsourcing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Resource Managers ◽  
Generational Effects ◽  
The World ◽  
Hr Managers

Generation Y becomes the main pillar of workforce around the world. This generation enters the workplace with different values and characteristics from their counterparts of other generational workforces. In Malaysia, generation Y employees are well known of their high job mobility. Human resource managers are in dilemma of how to retain this new workforce? This paper serves the purpose to respond to such queries by investigating the factors contributing to Generation Y employees’ Turnover from a complementary fit perspective. This study was conducted in Malaysian Business Process Outsourcing Sector (PBO). The total sample was comprised of 318 respondents belong to generation Y employees. The data was analysed in Amos using two steps approach. Extrinsic, freedom and demand abilities fit were the predictors of Generation Y employees’ intention to quit in Malaysian BPO sector.Using cross sectional method limits our understanding to whether the predictors of turnover intention were due to career effects or generational effects. This study provides empirical evidences to Malaysian HR Managers to what makes generation Y employees leave the organization. This is a better surrogate of the existed anecdotal information. Furthermore, this study informs HR Managers that stereotyping the findings from Western context may be treated with caution.

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