scholarly journals NGOs and Gender Development, the Case of AKRSP in District Chitral, NWFP, Pakistan

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-98
Author(s):  
Humayun Khan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
North West ◽  
North West Frontier Province ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Gender

The empowerment of women and improvement of their socioeconomic status are essential ingredients of economic, political and social development. To achieve these objectives, the Government and NGOs have launched a number of programs in various parts of the country. The Aga Khan Rural Support Program (AKRSP) is working on the same agenda in Northern districts of North West Frontier Province (NWFP). The aim of the present research was to study the gender related interventions introduced by the AKRSP in District Chitral. The study findings show that the gender related interventions introduced by AKRSP have played a key role in the development of rural women in the area under reference. In addition to the provision of water supply schemes, health and credit facilities, training has also been imparted to the local women in different sectors of the rural economy including: agriculture, livestock management, vocational and enterprise development. This training has had a positive effect on economic activities performed by rural women and has enhanced the income of the respondents from various economic activities in their respective fields in the research area. Another major effect of the AKRSP interventions was the saving of time of rural women that had been spent on fetching water before these interventions. Though these interventions have improved the socio-economic conditions of women to a greater extent in the area, their sustainability requires regular monitoring and follow-up of training.

Employment Pattern and Extent of Under-utilisation of Manpower in Rural Baran; Areas of Pakistan

1993 ◽  
Vol 32 (4II) ◽  
pp. 1225-1233
Author(s):  
Sabur Ghayur
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
North West ◽  
North West Frontier Province ◽  
Physical Infrastructure ◽  
Employment Pattern

The barani (rain-fed) region accounts for about a fifth of the cultivated area in Pakistan. It has the potential to significantly increase crop production levels. Similarly, considerable scope exists in this area for the development of forests, fruit and vegetable gardening, pasture and stock rearing. Most of the natural resources are also found in this tract. Its hilly areas possess a vast potential for tourism. Besides, significant opportunities exist for irrigation and hydroelectric power generation. An optimum utilisation of all this potential, obviously, is employmentgenerating and income-augmenting. Despite all such realisations this region as a whole, unfortunately, is identified as the least attended to area in terms of provision of socio-physical infrastructure, other development programmes and, even, research work. This led to a deterioration of the employment situation in the barani region as a whole. A poor information base and analysis thereof on employment and manpower related variables is also the consequence of such a treatment to this area. I This paper, using the data of a field survey, tries to fill, though partly, the vacuum on employment and related variables in the rural barani region. An attempt is made here to record and analyse the labour force participation rates, employment pattern (main economic activities) and unemployment/underemployment levels prevailing in the rural baran; areas of the provinces of the Punjab and North-West Frontier Province (NWFP).

Archaeology in Afghanistan

Antiquity ◽  
1947 ◽  
Vol 21 (82) ◽  
pp. 57-65
Author(s):  
R. E. M. Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Director General ◽  
North West ◽  
Asiatic Society ◽  
The North ◽  
North West Frontier Province ◽  
The Government ◽  
Indian Mission ◽  
Royal Asiatic Society

The Government of Afghanistan recently sent two missions to India, where they were warmly welcomed and made many friends. In September 1946, the Government of India sent in return a small mission to Afghanistan to establish contact between the respective archaeological and historical activities of the two countries, with a view if possible to securing closer cultural collaboration. The Indian mission consisted of the Director General of Archaeology in India and his wife ; the Honourable Mr Justice N. G. A. Edgely, President of the Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal—the oldest learned society in Asia; and Mr M. A. Shakur, Curator of the Pesh#x0101;war Museum, sent by the Government of the North-West Frontier Province as the immediate neighbour of Afghanistan. The mission travelled in two ex-U.S.A. Army vehicles, a six-wheeled personnel-carrier and a jeep, with two Indian drivers and two Indian attendants.

scholarly journals Unique Research Area in Africa

Oryx ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 591-595
Author(s):  
Stephen P. Zilberman
Keyword(s):  
Flood Plain ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Research Station ◽  
North West ◽  
Government Research ◽  
The Government

The Sengwa Research Area in north-west Rhodesia consists of 145 square miles of uninhabited woodland and flood-plain, virtually undisturbed by man and now set aside solely for wildlife research. The author describes the government Research Station and the work going on there, particularly on warthogs, in which he took part in 1972–73.

scholarly journals Inglefield Land 1995: geological and economic reconnaissance in North-West Greenland

1996 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
B Thomassen ◽  
P.R Dawes
Keyword(s):  
Field Work ◽  
The State ◽  
Geological Survey ◽  
Geochemical Mapping ◽  
Regional Geology ◽  
North West ◽  
Gps Navigation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Geophysical Anomalies

The state wanted to monitor the exploration developments in Inglefield Land, and consequently, the Government of Greenland, Minerals Office agreed to fund a 4 million kr. follow-up project. This project, carried out by the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, had the main objectives of explaining the geophysical anomalies and circular structures in the area. Apart from the study of the latter, the field work comprised locating selected anomalies by GPS navigation and relating the sites to the regional geology, as well as ore geological studies and geochemical mapping.

China's E-Commerce: Empowering Rural Women?

2019 ◽  
Vol 238 ◽  
pp. 418-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiqing Yu ◽  
Lili Cui
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Female Entrepreneurship ◽  
Political Empowerment ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Gendered Roles ◽  
And Gender

AbstractThis article employs a feminist political economy perspective to explore the connection between e-commerce, entrepreneurship and gender in rural China. It discusses gendered engagement with, and discourses of, the new digital economy represented by Taobao villages, and asks: how has the success of rural e-commerce impacted the evolving gender mandate and hierarchy in a competitive market economy in rural China? Has rural women's participation in digital economic activities changed their gendered roles and the patriarchal structure in their family and village? This article argues that women's socioeconomic enablement does not necessarily translate into cultural and political empowerment. The enabling potential of female entrepreneurship is tempered by traditional constraints on women and digital capitalist exploitation of their cheap, flexible and docile labour.

Nutrition

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Squires
Keyword(s):  
Normal Weight ◽  
Front Page ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
National Heart Lung ◽  
Elevated Cholesterol ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Gender ◽  
New Guidelines ◽  
Definition Of

Twenty years ago, if someone had suggested that nutrition news would regularly make the “A” section of major newspapers—and often the front page—I probably would have laughed. Sure, through the years, the occasional nutrition or weight-related story has made it to the front page. In 1998, a committee convened by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute changed the definition of “overweight.” Twenty-nine million Americans went to sleep thinking they were fine and woke up to learn that the government now said they needed to shed 6 to 12 pounds to be at a healthy weight. That story, which I covered for the Washington Post, made it not to just to the front page but above the fold. The straight news story began this way: . . . The federal government plans to change its definition of what is a healthy weight, a controversial move that would classify millions more Americans as being overweight. . . . . . . Under the new guidelines, an estimated 29 million Americans now considered normal weight will be redefined as overweight and advised to do everything they can to prevent further weight gain. Those who are already experiencing health effects, such as high blood pressure, elevated cholesterol or diabetes, will be encouraged to lose small amounts of weight—about six to 12 pounds—to bring them back to safer weight levels. . . . But in a follow-up piece that I did for the Health section, I had a little more fun with the off-the-news lead and wrote this: . . . What do Olympic gold medal skier Picabo Street and Baltimore Orioles third baseman Cal Ripken Jr. have in common? . . . . . . According to new federal guidelines, they are both overweight. . . . . . . So what should they and the millions of other adults suddenly classified as overweight do about their extra pounds? Athletes like Street and Ripken may be special cases, but what about the rest of us? . . . In this follow-up story, I was able to offer a more in-depth explanation of the body mass index—a screening measure for determining a healthy weight that has replaced the old Metropolitan Life Insurance height and weight charts, which used body frame size, height, and gender to offer healthy body weight.

Tapping Rural Women Entrepreneurship Through Self-Help Micro-Credit

2019 ◽  
pp. 305-339
Author(s):  
Falendra Kumar Sudan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Livelihood Diversification ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Household Decision ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Household Decision Making ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Women's Role ◽  
And Control

The chapter reveals that women's role in enterprise and household decision making, their access to assets, and control over self-earnings have improved significantly among client and non-client groups. Self-help credit program (SHCP) has facilitated them to make decisions for their personal needs, availing treatment, recreational facilities, and participate independently in household decision making. However, SHCP should incorporate necessary steps to enhance empowerment of women irrespective of their duration in program, types of economic activities, and marital status. In order to transform SHCP into a genuine livelihood diversification and gender strategy, women's empowerment needs to be understood as more than a marginal increase in access to income, and/or consultation in limited areas of enterprise and household decision making and/or occasional meetings with a small group of other women.

scholarly journals Assessment of women’s economic empowerment in the rice cultivation sector of the upper Punjab region, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saira Akhtar ◽  
Shabbir Ahmad ◽  
Wu Huifang ◽  
Shakeel Imran ◽  
Chunyu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Government ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

The present study was conducted to identify and discuss the social norms, perceptions, and expectations which shape or constraint men’s, and women’s economic empowerment. The current study was conducted in the rice cultivation sectors of Sheikhupura and Gujranwala districts of the Punjab Province, Pakistan.  A qualitative (cross-sectional) study was designed to get responses from the respondents of the targeted area. One tehsil was purposively selected from each district and sixty-five respondents (both males and females) were invited from 13 different villages of the above-mentioned tehsils. Focused Group Discussions (FGDs) were held for data collection activity in collaboration with the Doaba Foundation. A pre-defined interview guide based on Oxfam’s Social Norms Diagnostic Toolkit and Rapid Care Analysis Toolkit was used to collect opinions from the respondents with the inclusion of various exercises. The major findings of the study revealed that most of the care work yielded by women ranging from the rice cultivation to the household chores go unacknowledged, because it is included in the total household income, and the rural women face discrimination in every sphere of life. The study concludes that to achieve women’s economic empowerment, adequate wages, and safe working conditions, where they are protected from sexual and gender-based violence, must be ensured. The government should devise policies for the protection of women regarding discrimination and implement it in true spirit to fulfil the dream of the economic empowerment of women in Pakistan.

scholarly journals Exploring Gender and Caste Intersectionality among Muslims: A Sociological Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-210
Author(s):  
Rabiya Yaseen Bazaz ◽  
Mohammad Akram
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Muslim Women ◽  
General Rule ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Caste System ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Lower Caste ◽  
The Government ◽  
Family Based ◽  
And Gender

Aim Caste studies conducted among Muslims in India generally focus on establishing the existence of caste system among Muslims but they seldom talk about different types of oppression and inequalities faced byMuslim women.This empirical study exploreshow gender and caste identities and their mutual intersectionality impact education,occupation and income choices and actual attainments of Muslim women. Methods This study is part of a larger study conducted among Muslims of Kashmir in India.Primary datawas collected from 704 eligible respondents (Male=392, Female=312) using mixed methods. Three layers of ‘caste like’ and ‘caste’ groups existing in the research area are identified and gender situation within these groups are comparatively examined. Results Each of the ‘caste like’ and ‘caste’ groupshas patriarchal caste capital.Higher professions within the government and private services are largely acquired by upper caste male Muslims or other male and female Muslims having rich cultural and social capital. There is preponderance of lower caste male Muslims in low income self-employment but lower caste Muslim females seldom find say in family based business and compelled to join low paid private jobs. More than fifty percent educated Muslim females are unemployed. Conclusion Although patriarchy is the general rule here, not all women face discrimination and inequality in the same way. Upper caste Muslim women often witness so called benevolent restriction of choices whereas lower caste women are the most excluded and marginalised section of the society who face double discrimination due to patriarchy and interwoven caste positions which severely impacts their educational as well as employment choices and attainments. 

scholarly journals Residents’ Perception of Destination Quality: Key Factors for Sustainable Rural Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iulia C. Muresan ◽  
Rezhen Harun ◽  
Felix H. Arion ◽  
Camelia F. Oroian ◽  
Diana E. Dumitras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Host Community ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Sustainable Rural Development ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
North West ◽  
The North

Tourism represents a viable alternative for economic activities in rural areas, and improves the living standards of the communities. The aim of the paper is to assess residents’ perceptions towards tourism destination quality in the North-West Development Region of Romania using the following items: natural attractions: cultural and social attractions; accommodation; food; availability of transportation to destination area; quality of information and communication; hospitality of host community; feeling of security and safety. A survey was conducted to collect the data and a total of 433 questionnaires were validated and analyzed. Descriptive and inferential statistics (Principal component analysis, ANOVA, Scheffe multiple range test) were used to analyze the data. Results show that there are statistically significant differences in residents’ perceptions between counties. Two of the components of destination quality (general infrastructure and tourism potential) are affected by the gender of residents, while the level of education has no significant effect. A weak and indirect correlation was found between the age of residents and their perception towards a quality destination. This study makes two contributions to the existing literature. First, a questionnaire was developed based on the QUALITEST tool adapted to the realities of the research area. Second, we analyzed the perception of residents towards a quality destination in relation to their socio-demographic characteristics and county of residence. Understanding the implications of tourism development from the residents’ point of view helps to increase knowledge about the factors affecting the long-term, sustainable success of tourism destinations.

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