scholarly journals Study of color characteristics of wine materials for white sparkling wines

2020 ◽  
pp. 153-157
Author(s):  
Александр Семёнович Макаров ◽  
Наталия Александровна Шмигельская ◽  
Игорь Павлович Лутков ◽  
Виктория Алексеевна Максимовская ◽  
Надежда Станиславовна Аникина
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Color Characteristic ◽  
Color Intensity ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Color Characteristics ◽  
Phenolic Substances ◽  
Organoleptic Parameters

Представлены результаты исследований физико-химических и органолептических показателей белых столовых виноматериалов урожаев 2015-2019 гг. Установлена зависимость цветовых характеристик от содержания полимерных форм фенольных веществ. Проведена дифференциация белых столовых виноматериалов по цветовой характеристике (от светло-соломенного до интенсивно-соломенного) с установлением диапазонов и средних значений основных и дополнительных показателей для каждой цветовой подгруппы. На основании статистической обработки экспериментальных данных предложен подход к характеристике особенностей окраски виноматериалов, включающий определение физико-химических показателей и расчет классификационных индексов, позволяющих определить предпочтительную цветовую характеристику. Получены формулы для расчета классификационных индексов для выбранных цветовых подгрупп в зависимости от интенсивности окраски. The results of study of physicochemical and organoleptic parameters of white table wine materials of 2015-2019 crop years were presented. The dependence of color characteristics on the content of polymer forms of phenolic substances was established. The differentiation of white table wine materials by color characteristics (from light straw to rich straw) was carried out with the establishment of ranges and average values of the main and additional parameters for every color subgroup. Based on the statistical processing of experimental data, we proposed an approach to characterize the distinctive features of the color of wine materials, including the determining of physicochemical parameters and calculation of classification indices, allowing to determine the preferred color characteristic. Formulas for calculating classification indices for selected color subgroups depending on the color intensity were obtained.

Selection and evaluation of suppliers as a quality control element for bakery products

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Natalia A. Jurk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Control Element ◽  
Bakery Products ◽  
Regulatory Documents ◽  
Tree Diagram ◽  
Organoleptic Parameters

The article presents research in the field of quality management by suppliers of dairy whey to a bakery enterprise in the Omsk region. The general assessment criteria are systematized in the form of a tree diagram, which makes it possible to identify them depending on the target orientation. When evaluating suppliers, such fundamental elements as the quality of purchased raw materials, their cost and timeliness of delivery were taken into account. The results of an expert assessment of the organoleptic parameters of serum, controlled physicochemical parameters and subsequent regression analysis made it possible to establish their compliance with the requirements of regulatory documents. A comprehensive assessment of the possibilities allowed us to give an objective assessment, as well as to make a decision on choosing in favor of one of the suppliers.

scholarly journals IMPROVEMENT OF THE ROUGHNESS FORECASTING MODEL OF COATING OF NON-RIGID ROAD PAVEMENT COATING

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (164) ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
A. Batrakova ◽  
H. Sarkisian ◽  
E. Zakharova
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Rigid Pavement ◽  
Improved Model ◽  
Over Time

To ensure safe, comfortable driving at high speeds, a strong, even surface is required for the entire life of the pavement. In this regard, the issue of predicting changes in the equality of coverage over time is very important. The article considers the peculiarities of changing the longitudinal equality of the road surface. Purpose is to improve the model of forecasting the equality of non-rigid pavement. Methods – analytical and experimental. The analysis of existing decisions on the issue of forecasting the equality of coverage is performed. The most important factors influencing the change in the equality of road coverage have been identified. Based on the analysis of theoretical models and a number of experimental data, an improved model for predicting the equality of coverage of non-rigid pavement is proposed. MathCAD and MS Excel were involved in the development of an improved model that takes into account the most important factors. The model of change of coverage roughness, where increase in the roughness index over time is considered as a function of such parameters, is improved: the modulus of pavement elasticity (actual or required); the number of load cycles for t years of pavement operation; the share of trucks in the traffic flow; the factor of safety margin of the pavement structure. The adequacy of the developed model of changing the roughness of coverage is confirmed by statistical processing of experimental data obtained by the thesis author and other researchers on public roads with different service life, and calculated data under the theoretical model. The Pearson correlation coefficient between experimental and calculated data is more than 0.95, which indicates the adequacy of the developed model. Compared to the well-known models of forecasting coverage roughness, the improved model allows to apply a wider range of values of the general equivalent modulus of elasticity of pavement design (from 100 MPa to 600 MPa) and to receive forecast values of roughness for service life of non-rigid pavement over 5 years.

scholarly journals THEORETICAL RESEARCH OF THE EXTERNAL TEMPERATURE INFLUENCE ON THE TRACTION AND SPEED PROPERTIES AND THE FUEL ECONOMY OF CARGO-CARRYING VEHICLES

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Zhasur Kulmukhamedov ◽  
Ravshan Khikmatov ◽  
Alisher Saidumarov ◽  
Yulduz Kulmukhamedova
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Temperature Influence ◽  
External Temperature ◽  
Average Speed ◽  
The Mathematical Model

The manuscript proposes analytical methods for calculating fuel economy and traction-speed properties when modeling the movement of cargo-carrying vehicles on real routes, based on theoretical and experimental studies in a hot and dry climate, which allows for determining the efficiency of cargo-carrying vehicles objectively in terms of traction and speed, fuel and economic indicators. Using the statistical processing of experimental, theoretical research data, the authors calculate the coefficient X2, which allows for evaluating the adequacy of the mathematical model and experimental data. As an example, the manuscript provides for an assessment of fuel economy and traction and speed properties. The authors presented the results in graphs for the ease of evaluating the effect of external temperature on fuel consumption and the average speed of a road train. The authors’ methodology allows for determining the efficiency of cargo-carrying vehicles in a hot and dry climate.

scholarly journals Physicochemical and metabolic constraints for thermodynamics-based stoichiometric modelling under mesophilic growth conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Tomi-Andrino ◽  
Rupert Norman ◽  
Thomas Millat ◽  
Philippe Soucaille ◽  
Klaus Winzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Metabolic Flux Analysis ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Metabolic Flux ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Flux Analysis ◽  
Flux Balance ◽  
Metabolic Fluxes ◽  
Balance Analysis

AbstractMetabolic engineering in the post-genomic era is characterised by the development of new methods for metabolomics and fluxomics, supported by the integration of genetic engineering tools and mathematical modelling. Particularly, constraint-based stoichiometric models have been widely studied: (i) flux balance analysis (FBA) (in silico), and (ii) metabolic flux analysis (MFA) (in vivo). Recent studies have enabled the incorporation of thermodynamics and metabolomics data to improve the predictive capabilities of these approaches. However, an in-depth comparison and evaluation of these methods is lacking. This study presents a thorough analysis of two different in silico methods tested against experimental data (metabolomics and 13C-MFA) for the mesophile Escherichia coli. In particular, a modified version of the recently published matTFA toolbox was created, providing a broader range of physicochemical parameters. Validating against experimental data allowed the determination of the best physicochemical parameters to perform the TFA (Thermodynamics-based Flux Analysis). An analysis of flux pattern changes in the central carbon metabolism between 13C-MFA and TFA highlighted the limited capabilities of both approaches for elucidating the anaplerotic fluxes. In addition, a method based on centrality measures was suggested to identify important metabolites that (if quantified) would allow to further constrain the TFA. Finally, this study emphasised the need for standardisation in the fluxomics community: novel approaches are frequently released but a thorough comparison with currently accepted methods is not always performed.Author summaryBiotechnology has benefitted from the development of high throughput methods characterising living systems at different levels (e.g. concerning genes or proteins), allowing the industrial production of chemical commodities. Recently, focus has been placed on determining reaction rates (or metabolic fluxes) in the metabolic network of certain microorganisms, in order to identify bottlenecks hindering their exploitation. Two main approaches are commonly used, termed metabolic flux analysis (MFA) and flux balance analysis (FBA), based on measuring and estimating fluxes, respectively. While the influence of thermodynamics in living systems was accepted several decades ago, its application to study biochemical networks has only recently been enabled. In this sense, a multitude of different approaches constraining well-established modelling methods with thermodynamics has been suggested. However, physicochemical parameters are generally not properly adjusted to the experimental conditions, which might affect their predictive capabilities. In this study, we have explored the reliability of currently available tools by investigating the impact of varying said parameters in the simulation of metabolic fluxes and metabolite concentration values. Additionally, our in-depth analysis allowed us to highlight limitations and potential solutions that should be considered in future studies.

RESEARCH OF THE RED GRAPES WHICH ARE GROWN UP IN THE SAMARA REGION FOR THE PRODUCTION OF THE WINEMAKING MATERIALS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
П.А. ЧАЛДАЕВ ◽  
Е.Н. ФЕДОРОВА ◽  
А.Г. КАШАЕВ
Keyword(s):  
Wine Yeast ◽  
Color Characteristic ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Wine Making ◽  
Red Grapes ◽  
Chemical Indicators ◽  
Phenolic Substances ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Изучена возможность использования для производства винодельческой продукции винограда, выращиваемого в Самарской области. Исследованы два технических сорта красного винограда урожаев 2015–2016 гг. – Ливадийский черный и Мерло. Качество винограда соответствовало требованиям ГОСТ 31782–2012. Переработку винограда по красному способу вели в полупромышленных условиях. Брожение проводили на мезге с плавающей шапкой. Для сбраживания виноградной мезги использовали сухие французские винные дрожжи Sainte Georges S101. Температура бродящей мезги не превышала 28–30°С. Дображивание полученных виноматериалов и последующую их выдержку осуществляли при температуре (14 ± 1)°С. В результате получены сухие столовые виноматериалы. Показатели качества полученных виноматериалов удовлетворяют требованиям ГОСТ 32030–2013 по всем основным физико-химическим показателям качества и характеризуются достаточно высоким содержанием фенольных веществ. Виноматериалы имели насыщенный рубиновый цвет, характерные сортовые вкус и аромат. Полученные результаты подтверждают целесообразность проведения дальнейших исследований в области обоснования и разработки технологий получения винодельческой продукции в Самарском регионе. The possibility of use for production of wine-making production of the grapes which are grown up in the Samara region is studied. Two technical grades of red grapes of harvests of 2015–2016 Livadia black and Merlots are investigated. The quality of the grapes meets the requirements of GOST 31782–2012. Grapes processed by red method in semi-conditions. Fermentation was carried out on pulp with a floating cap. Dry wine yeast “Sainte Georges S101” (Fermentis, France) were used for fermentation of grape pulp. The temperature of the fermenting pulp did not exceed 28–30°C. After-fermentation of the received wine materials and the subsequent their endurance was carried out at a temperature of (14 ± 1)°C. Dry table wine materials are as a result received. The resulting wine materials meet the requirements of GOST 32030–2013 in all basic physical and chemical indicators of quality and characterized by a rather high content of phenolic substances. Wine materials had a rich ruby color, characteristic varietal taste and aroma. These results confirm the usefulness of further research in the field of study and the development of technologies for the production of wine production in the Samara region.

scholarly journals A Comparative Analysis of Oocyte Development in Mammals

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rozenn Dalbies-Tran ◽  
Véronique Cadoret ◽  
Alice Desmarchais ◽  
Sébastien Elis ◽  
Virginie Maillard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Oocyte Development ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15

Sexual reproduction requires the fertilization of a female gamete after it has undergone optimal development. Various aspects of oocyte development and many molecular actors in this process are shared among mammals, but phylogeny and experimental data reveal species specificities. In this chapter, we will present these common and distinctive features with a focus on three points: the shaping of the oocyte transcriptome from evolutionarily conserved and rapidly evolving genes, the control of folliculogenesis and ovulation rate by oocyte-secreted Growth and Differentiation Factor 9 and Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15, and the importance of lipid metabolism.

Production and growth characteristics of hybrids in the genus Betula: developmental and environmental factors

10.12737/4505 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Исаков ◽  
Igor Isakov ◽  
Мацнева ◽  
Mariya Matsneva
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Introduced Species ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Genetic Origin ◽  
Edaphic Conditions ◽  
History Of

The data on the growth in height of hybrids between local birches, introduced species, growing in different edaphic conditions are presented. Literature review of the possibility of hybridization and data on artificial hybridization in the genus Betula is provided. Importance of this trend for high-forms in woody plants is noted. The data on the history of hybridization and the opinions of scholars on this issue are given. Statistical processing of the experimental data is made. The data showing the benefits of birch families of specific genetic origin are obtained. On less nutritious soils high-self-fertile forms of birches grow faster.

scholarly journals Physical-chemical parameters of native red grape varieties of Crimea and Don in the system “grapes - wine material”

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
Александр Семёнович Макаров ◽  
Игорь Павлович Лутков ◽  
Наталия Александровна Шмигельская ◽  
Виктория Алексеевна Максимовская ◽  
Галина Владимировна Сивочуб ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Technological Assessment ◽  
Phenolic Substances ◽  
Foaming Capacity ◽  
Red Grape ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
Organoleptic Parameters

Представлены результаты исследований физико-химических и органолептических показателей крымских и донских аборигенных красных сортов в системе «виноград-виноматериал» из Ампелографической коллекции института «Магарач» (с. Вилино Бахчисарайского района). Установлено, что активность окислительных ферментов (пероксидазы и монофенол-монооксигеназы) практически во всех сортах была низкой или отсутствовала. Технологический запас фенольных веществ в изученных сортах винограда находился в достаточно широком диапазоне - от 2139 до 3865 мг/дм, в т.ч. технологический запас красящих веществ - от 149 (Кокур красный) до 1232 мг/дм (Безымянный). Определено, что из сорта винограда Кефесия получаются виноматериалы с хорошими пенистыми свойствами (Vболее 800 см). Установлено, что соотношение массовых концентраций винной и яблочной кислот было оптимальным (более 1) во всех исследуемых сортах. Высокими дегустационными оценками отмечены сорта Цимладар, Безымянный и Солнечная Долина 58. По совокупности проведенных исследований основных и дополнительных физико-химических и органолептических показателей в системе «виноград-виноматериал» и технологической оценки крымских и донских аборигенных красных сортов винограда, произрастающих в Ампелографической коллекции института «Магарач», можно заключить, что для производства игристых вин представляют интерес виноматериалы из аборигенных красных сортов винограда Кефесия, Солнечная Долина 58, Цимладар, Безымянный. The article presents the results of studies of the physical-chemical and organoleptic characteristics of native red grape varieties of Crimea and Don in the system “grapes-wine material” from the Ampelographic collection of Magarach Institute (village Vilino, Bakhchisaray district). It was established that the activity of oxidizing enzymes (peroxidase and monophenol-monooxygenase) was low or absent in almost all varieties. The technological stock of phenolic substances in the studied grape varieties was in a rather wide range - from 2139 to 3865 mg/dm, including the technological reserve of coloring substances - from 149 (‘Kokur Krasnyi’) to 1232 mg/dm (‘Bezymyannyi’). Good foaming capacity (V more than 800 cm) was achieved in wine materials made of ‘Kefesiya’ grape variety. The ratio of mass concentrations of tartaric and malic acids was optimal (more than 1) in all varieties under study. High tasting evaluation gained the varieties ‘Tsimladar’, ‘Bezymyannyi’ and ‘Solnechnaya Dolina 58’. Basing on the combination of studies of essential and additional physical-chemical and organoleptic parameters in the system “grapes-wine material” and on the technological assessment of native red grapes of Crimea and Don that grow in the Ampelographic collection of the Magarach Institute, we can draw the following conclusion: wine materials made of native red grape varieties ‘Kefesiya’, ‘Solnechnaya Dolina 58’, ‘Tsimladar’, ‘Bezymyannyi’ are of interest to the production of sparkling wines.

scholarly journals Technological assessment of native white grape varieties in the system "grapes-base wine"

2020 ◽  
pp. 252-259
Author(s):  
Александр Семёнович Макаров ◽  
Игорь Павлович Лутков ◽  
Наталия Александровна Шмигельская ◽  
Виктория Алексеевна Максимовская ◽  
Елена Викторовна Остроухова
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Enzymes ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Technological Assessment ◽  
Phenolic Substances ◽  
Foaming Capacity ◽  
Technological Evaluation ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
Native White ◽  
Organoleptic Parameters

В статье представлены результаты исследований физико-химических и органолептических показателей крымских и донских аборигенных белых сортов винограда в системе «виноград-виноматериал» из Ампелографической коллекции института «Магарач» (с. Вилино Бахчисарайского района). Установлено, что технологический запас суммы фенольных веществ в изученных сортах винограда находился в достаточно широком диапазоне - от 1020 (Махроватчик) до 2526 (Ташлы) мг/дм. Меньше всего фенольных веществ (329 мг/дм) содержалось в виноматериале, выработанном из сорта Сары пандас. Активность окислительных ферментов (пероксидазы и монофенол-монооксигеназы) во всех сортах была низкой или отсутствовала. Виноматериалы из сортов Сары пандас, Кок пандас и Шампанчик бессергеневский не склонны к окислительному покоричневению. Определены сорта, из которых получаются виноматериалы с хорошими пенистыми свойствами (V более 800 см): Капсельский, Кокур белый, Кокур белый 46-10-3. Соотношение массовых концентраций винной и яблочной кислот было оптимальным (более 1) во всех исследуемых сортах. Наибольшим содержанием винной кислоты в виноматериалах характеризовались сорта: Сары пандас, Ташлы и Махроватчик. Высокими дегустационными оценками отмечены сорта: Ташлы и Капсельский. В результате технологической оценки крымских и донских аборигенных сортов винограда, произрастающих в Ампелографической коллекции института «Магарач», можно заключить, что для производства игристых вин перспективными являются виноматериалы из аборигенных сортов винограда: Кокур белый, Кокур белый 46-10-3, Капсельский, Сары пандас. The article presents the results of studies of physical-chemical and organoleptic parameters of native white grape varieties of Crimea and Don in the system "grapes-base wine" from the Ampelographic collection of the Institute Magarach (village Vilino, Bakhchisaray district). It was established that the technological reserve of the total amount of phenolic substances in the studied grape varieties was in a fairly wide range - from 1020 (‘Makhrovattchik’) to 2526 (‘Tashly’) mg/dm. The least amount of phenolic substances (329 mg/dm) was found in the base wine produced from ‘Sary Pandas’ variety. The activity of oxidative enzymes (peroxidase and monophenol monooxygenase) in all varieties was low or absent at all. Base wines from ‘Sary Pandas’, ‘Kok Pandas’ and ‘Champagntchik Besserguenevsky’ varieties are not liable to oxidative browning. Good foaming capacity (V more than 800 cm) was achieved in base wines made of ‘Kapselskii’, ‘Kokur Belyi’, ‘Kokur Belyi 46-10-3’ grape varieties. The ratio of mass concentrations of tartaric and malic acids was optimal (more than 1) in all studied varieties. The highest content of tartaric acid in base wines was typical for the following varieties: ‘Sary Pandas’, ‘Tashly’ and ‘Makhrovattchik’. Tasting assessment of grape varieties ‘Tashly’ and ‘Kapselskii’ was high. As a result of technological evaluation of native grape varieties of Crimea and Don growing in the Ampelographic collection of the Institute Magarach, it can be concluded that the most promising base wines for production of sparklings are those prepared from native grape varieties ‘Kokur Belyi’, ‘Kokur Belyi 46-10-3’, ‘Kapselskii’, ‘Sary Pandas’.

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