scholarly journals Toward correctness control of postal addresses geocoding

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-127
Author(s):  
Lev Obuhov ◽  
Evgeny Panidi
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Large City ◽  
State Level ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Reference Dataset ◽  
Postal Address ◽  
Address Data ◽  
Geospatial Database ◽  
Initial Dataset ◽  
Address System

The paper discusses content and results of the methodology elaborated for geocoding of postal addresses. The geocoding issue is considered on the example of study devoted to the exploration of the spatial distribution and dynamics tuberculosis and concomitant diseases infection cases. The study is carried out on a large city scale. The example of St. Petersburg city (Russia) is used. Proposed methodology is based upon the extending of the classical geocoding scheme that assumes direct linking of the address data presented as a part of initial dataset with the address data presented in the reference dataset (in the geospatial database). The extension consists in the use of a middle reference-standard register of postal addresses. An address database developed by official agencies is used as a reference-standard register. Initial data records are linked with the records of the reference-standard register by postal addresses, and the register records, in turn, are linked with the records of the reference dataset used for geocoding (with the addresses recorded in the attributes of the geospatial database objects). This approach allows to provide control of structure and content correctness for the address data used for geocoding, as well as to convert address data in to a unified form accepted officially at the state level and used in official documents and information systems. The methodology is implemented on the example of the postal address system used in the Russia. However, it can also be used when operating with the address system of any other states. In such a case, it is necessary to have an official register of postal addresses to implement the methodology. The register have to be presented in a structured form (preferably in the form of a database). The methodology can be used both for medical statistics data geocoding, and for geocoding of other domain data.

scholarly journals Isolated Capital Cities, Accountability, and Corruption: Evidence from US States

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (8) ◽  
pp. 2456-2481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipe R. Campante ◽  
Quoc-Anh Do
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
State Politics ◽  
State Level ◽  
Public Good Provision ◽  
Capital Cities ◽  
Us States ◽  
Good Provision

We show that isolated capital cities are robustly associated with greater levels of corruption across US states, in line with the view that this isolation reduces accountability. We then provide direct evidence that the spatial distribution of population relative to the capital affects different accountability mechanisms: newspapers cover state politics more when readers are closer to the capital, voters who live far from the capital are less knowledgeable and interested in state politics, and they turn out less in state elections. We also find that isolated capitals are associated with more money in state-level campaigns, and worse public good provision. (JEL D72, D73, H41, H83, K42, R23)

scholarly journals Masting in Pecan

1995 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 386-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung Soo Chung ◽  
Marvin K. Harris ◽  
J. Benton Storey
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Data Base ◽  
Annual Variation ◽  
State Level ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
The State ◽  
Carya Illinoensis ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation

Annual variation in fruiting by pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] obtained from anecdotal records and state, district, county, and orchard data from Texas indicate exceptionally high synchronous fluctuations typically occurred every 34 years with a range of 2-7 years over the 66-year data base examined. Synchrony in fruit production was inversely related to the spatial distribution of pecans reflected in coefficients of variation ranging from about 60 at the state level to about 120 for two 10-ha orchards. These characteristics show that pecan exhibits roasting and that the species warrants further examination vis a vis interactions with nut feeders.

scholarly journals An analysis of the process and results of manual geocode correction

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolanda J. McDonald ◽  
Michael Schwind ◽  
Daniel W. Goldberg ◽  
Amanda Lampley ◽  
Cosette M. Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Postal Address ◽  
Research Teams ◽  
Spatial Shift ◽  
Manual Intervention ◽  
Match Rate ◽  
Address Data ◽  
Rate Improvement ◽  
Quality Type

Geocoding is the science and process of assigning geographical coordinates (<em>i.e.</em> latitude, longitude) to a postal address. The quality of the geocode can vary dramatically depending on several variables, including incorrect input address data, missing address components, and spelling mistakes. A dataset with a considerable number of geocoding inaccuracies can potentially result in an imprecise analysis and invalid conclusions. There has been little quantitative analysis of the amount of effort (<em>i.e.</em> time) to perform geocoding correction, and how such correction could improve geocode quality type. This study used a low-cost and easy to implement method to improve geocode quality type of an input database (<em>i.e.</em> addresses to be matched) through the processes of manual geocode intervention, and it assessed the amount of effort to manually correct inaccurate geocodes, reported the resulting match rate improvement between the original and the corrected geocodes, and documented the corresponding spatial shift by geocode quality type resulting from the corrections. Findings demonstrated that manual intervention of geocoding resulted in a 90% improvement of geocode quality type, took 42 hours to process, and the spatial shift ranged from 0.02 to 151,368 m. This study provides evidence to inform research teams considering the application of manual geocoding intervention that it is a low-cost and relatively easy process to execute.

scholarly journals GIS application in the spatial analysis of illegal landfills in big cities: A case study of Belgrade

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 41-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Paunovic ◽  
Filip Krstic
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Public Utility ◽  
The Public ◽  
Geospatial Database ◽  
Utility Companies ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The City ◽  
Cover Up

This paper represents the attempt to map and analyze spatial distribution of illegal landfills in the City of Belgrade. To make this happen the main tasks were to form the geospatial database of illegal landfills in the study area and to analyze the patterns in their spatial distribution. The data on the landfill locations were obtained from the Agency of Environmental Protection of the Republic of Serbia, while the ArcGIS software was used for their spatial analysis. The City of Belgrade, respectively the public utility companies use five landfills, which cover up the area of 89 ha. On the other hand, in the study area there are 223 illegal landfills. The spatial analysis showed two patterns: (1) increasing of the number of illegal landfills with distancing from the city urban center, and (2) increasing of their number with distancing from the municipal centers. This paper also showed that there is landfill clustering, or that their spatial distribution is not random.

People with cancer are likely to accept the COVID-19 vaccine, but politics tracks with attitudes: An inspire and COSMO survey.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1531-1531
Author(s):  
Don S. Dizon ◽  
Kathleen D. Hoffman ◽  
Danielle Gentile ◽  
Richard Tsai ◽  
John Novack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Public ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Large City ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Major Step ◽  
Cancer Support ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Government

1531 Background: Vaccines are a major step towards control of the COVID-19 pandemic. Estimates from multiple surveys of the general public indicate that 40 to 60% plan to be vaccinated, with some data suggesting that uptake differs by political leanings. The views of people with cancer on COVID-19 vaccination have not been reported. We report survey results of people with cancer, evaluating intent and attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccinations. Methods: An online survey included self-identified patients with cancer, ≥18 years old, in the Inspire Online Community (www.inspire.com). Invitation was restricted to only members of Inspire’s cancer support groups who agreed to be contacted for research. Quantitative data were summarized with descriptive statistics. Data were analyzed by chi-square, ANOVA, and post hoc Tamhane’ T2 testing. Results: 750 responded with the most common cancers represented being prostate (30%), thyroid (24%) ovarian (20%), bladder (8%) and breast (4%). 44% were between 46 and 65 years old and 48% were over 65. Of these, 38% reported being on active treatment. The majority were white (91%), female (56%) and had a bachelor’s degree or higher (72%). Respondents represented the South (38%), West (28%), Midwest (20%), and Northeast (18%). Nearly half of respondents lived in a suburb near a large city. Almost 40% reported an annual income of > $100,000 and 13% reported income < $50,000/year. The proportion that would “definitely” or “most probably” get the COVID-19 vaccine was 80%, with significantly greater interest in people with prostate (85%), bladder (82%) and ovarian cancer (81%). Those with breast cancer reported the highest levels of being uncertain (23%) and 30% of those with thyroid cancer reported they would “probably” or “definitely” not get vaccinated. Older age, male sex, and college graduates were significantly more likely to get vaccinated. Concerns about side effects were reported by 54%, with younger patients significantly more concerned than those 66 years and older. Of 158 participants who listed other reasons they would not get vaccinated, 23% were concerned that the research and development was rushed and 11% worried about how it might interact with a compromised immune system. Using the 2020 Electoral College map to indicate political leaning at the state level, there was no significant difference in vaccine uptake, although significantly more people from blue states agreed that vaccination was the best defense against COVID-19 compared to those from red states (67 vs 33%, p <.05). Conclusions: People with cancer are much more interested in COVID-19 vaccination compared to the general public. Despite this, a large percentage of people with cancer reported distrust in either the government and/or the healthcare industry. Although vaccine attitudes tracked with political leanings at the state level, intention to get vaccinated did not.

scholarly journals Online geocode in postal address using GPS with synchronous database accessing

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 1487
Author(s):  
Mohammad Riyadh R. Sharba ◽  
Hakim Adil Kadhim ◽  
Salam A. W. Al-Abassi ◽  
Nabeel Salih Ali
Keyword(s):  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
End Users ◽  
Crucial Issue ◽  
Postal Address ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Phone Number ◽  
Address Data ◽  
The Future

<p>Postal addressing information is a crucial issue in any organization for business targets, especially in developed countries. Thus, required to convert postal address data to an absolute value like latitude and longitude coordinates by a procedure called geocoding. In this paper, discuss how to make long coordinates into simple geocode via maps services. Besides, conduct a smartphone application to save the geocode with details information to be a GIS for the future used by end-users. The information includes address name, type, and phone number as well as a small note. The app can search for a particular location like hospitals, schools, restaurants, etc.</p>

scholarly journals ABOUT CONSTRUCTION OF A UNIFIED INFORMATION ADDRESS SYSTEM OF UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (161) ◽  
pp. 250-257
Author(s):  
V. Shypulin
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
The State ◽  
State Information ◽  
Data Infrastructure ◽  
Address Register ◽  
Address Data ◽  
Address System ◽  
Common Vision

The problem of Address registers of settlements according to uniform rules and single a unified State information address system is acute on the agenda in the last decade. Addresses are a component of many cadasters and registers that have been created and operate in Ukraine today. The problem of creating the Unified Address system of Ukraine is exacerbated in the conditions of accelerated digital transformation of public relations. The analysis of recent research and publications allowed to characterize the state of creation of the Unified Address Register of Ukraine as unsatisfactory, revealed shortcomings and lack of a common vision of aspects of addressing issues. A new comprehensive solution to the problems of targeted issues is proposed - the construction of a single unified State information address system. Substantiated and presented common approaches, understandings, definitions, structure and relations of address data are the conceptual provisions of the construction of a single unified State information address system and the basis for the development, approval, adoption at the legislative level. The construction of a conceptual model of address data is based primarily on the internationally established specifications of address data used in Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community (INSPIRE) and the National Geospatial Data Infrastructure of Ukraine. The address system is defined as an information system, that consists of a set of interacting four structural components: 1) addresses, 2) a single address register, 3) address points, 4) address electronic services. The address system performs the functions of identifying the object of addressing, identifying the location of objects of addressing, ensuring the interaction of registers, creating an information address resource of the state, mapping the object of addressing, providing search for the location of the object of addressing. The concept proposes to use the Geographical Identifier of real estate objects of the established structure and addresses, which creates conditions for joint processing of real estate data in geographic information systems and the introduction of a single address register.

Lithography below 100 nm

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 96-99
Author(s):  
L. D. Jackel
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Scattering ◽  
Electron Beam Lithography ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Local Electron ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
Positive Resist ◽  
Exposure Process

Most production electron beam lithography systems can pattern minimum features a few tenths of a micron across. Linewidth in these systems is usually limited by the quality of the exposing beam and by electron scattering in the resist and substrate. By using a smaller spot along with exposure techniques that minimize scattering and its effects, laboratory e-beam lithography systems can now make features hundredths of a micron wide on standard substrate material. This talk will outline sane of these high- resolution e-beam lithography techniques.We first consider parameters of the exposure process that limit resolution in organic resists. For concreteness suppose that we have a “positive” resist in which exposing electrons break bonds in the resist molecules thus increasing the exposed resist's solubility in a developer. Ihe attainable resolution is obviously limited by the overall width of the exposing beam, but the spatial distribution of the beam intensity, the beam “profile” , also contributes to the resolution. Depending on the local electron dose, more or less resist bonds are broken resulting in slower or faster dissolution in the developer.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document