scholarly journals Experience of using GIS in assessment of conservation value of urban forests (by example of “Savin Navolok” park, Petrozavodsk city, Republic of Karelia)

Author(s):  
Vera Timofeeva ◽  
Stanislav Kutenkov ◽  
Victoria Tarasova ◽  
Vera Androsova ◽  
Anna Ruokolainen

The information about the state and nature conservation value of the recreational forests of the Savin Navolok Park is presented. Maps of vegetation and localization of rare and protected species of vascular plants, mosses, lichens and fungi have been compiled. Nine types of forest have been identified in the Park where birch herb-rich forests (31.8 %), spruce forests (25.2 %), and pine forests (16.3 %) prevail. About a quarter of the studied territory (25.6 %) is covered by mixed coniferous-deciduous forests, aspen and willow forests. The flora of the Park is characterized by high species diversity: 258 species of vascular plants, 40 species of mosses and 45 species of lichens have been identified. In comparison with adjacent territories, distinctive feature of the studied flora is the presence of a large number of species of the southern taiga subzone (19.7 %), including nemoral species on the northern border of their distribution range (Corydalis solida, Pulmonaria obscura, Tilia cordata, etc.). In the Savin Navolok Park, 8 species protected in the Republic of Karelia are registered: Galium odoratum, Humulus lupulus, Lentaria afflata, Neckera pennata, Punctularia strigosozonata, Thalictrum kemens, among which species Calypso bulbosa and Cypripedium calceolus are listed in the Red Data Book of Russian Federation. Species Chaenotheca brachypoda and Ulmus glabra are included in the list of taxa of the Republic of Karelia that need special attention to their state in the natural environment and are recommended for biological surveillance. According to the Federal Law “On Specially Protected Natural Areas”, the natural complexes of the Savin Navolok Park satisfies the criteria for give this territory the status of a specially protected natural area in the rank of a natural monument or a state botanical reserve of regional significance “Savin Navolok”.

2018 ◽  
pp. 120-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Volkova ◽  
V. N. Khramtsov

Rather large forests, typical of the southern taiga subzone are preserved within the boundaries of St. Petersburg. They include a wide variety of plant communities with some rare species. This article is devoted to the area located in the southern part of the city and designed as a nature reserve. A large-scale map of actual vegetation of the projected reserve was composed; it shows the diversity of plant communities and their distribution. The map legend consists of 75 main units; and the usage of supplementary symbols helps to map 122 units. Areal analysis of all types of plant communities is carried out on the basis of the vegetation map. Typical and the most valuable vegetation objects were identified.


Lex Russica ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 32-43
Author(s):  
E. V. Luneva

The paper examines the features of the international status of "UNESCO Global Geopark" that are important for the development of Russian legislation regulating Geoparks. The criteria for the status of a “UNESCO Global Geopark” that affect the national legal regime of the Geopark include the criterion for the presence of geological objects with a protected status on its territory. The author has analyzed the references to national legislation contained in the criteria for UNESCO Global Geoparks. The paper highlights the differences between the UNESCO Global Geopark, the World Heritage Site and the Biosphere Reserve, analyzes the cases of overlaps between the Geopark concept and the concept of a World Heritage site or a biosphere reserve. Also, the author shows that the term Geopark is extremely rarely used in federal legislation (single strategic planning documents) in the context of the need arising in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation to regulate the processes of creation and functioning of Geoparks. The author has proven the connection between the Russian legislation on Geoparks, regardless of the further fate of its development, with the legislation on specially protected natural areas.The author determines four possible types of organization and functioning of geoparks in Russia: 1) a geopark as a tourist and recreational zone; 2) a geopark without a legal regime for a tourist and recreational zone and without a legal regime for a specially protected natural area; 3) a geopark with a legal regime of a specially protected natural area in the form of a state paleontological, mineralogical or geological reserve; 4) a geopark as an independent category of a specially protected natural area approved by regional regulatory legal acts. The author specifically describes the legal regime of each type of the Geopark. The author makes suggestions and recommendations for the development of federal and regional legislation on Geoparks in Russia.


Author(s):  
В.В. Напалкова ◽  
Г.И. Клобуков ◽  
В.И. Пономарев

Практически одновременно в 2016 г. вдоль северной границы ареала непарного шелкопряда Lymantria dispar (L.) в Зауралье и в Западной Сибири лесопатологическими службами установлено образование новых очагов с угрозой средней, сильной и сплошной дефолиации в 2017 г. Значительная часть вновь образовавшихся очагов расположена там, где очаги никогда не отмечали (Тюменская обл., более 70 тыс. га), все вновь возникшие очаги расположены севернее ранее зафиксированных очагов. Из них около 11 тыс. га – в подзоне южной тайги. Другие очаги возникли в насаждениях, где последняя вспышка проходила более 50 лет назад – на юго-востоке Свердловской обл. (более 110 тыс. га). Такая синхронность в появлении новых очагов на значительной территории позволяет полагать, что они были спровоцированы одним модифицирующим фактором. Цель исследования – выявление возможных ведущих факторов, спровоцировавших формирование очагов непарного шелкопряда севернее той части ареала, где наблюдаются регулярные вспышки массового размножения. По всей видимости, засуха не является модифицирующим фактором, спровоцировавшим образование значительных площадей очагов непарного шелкопряда в Свердловской и Тюменской обл. в 2016 г. Ведущим модифицирующим фактором могли оказаться низкие температуры в летне-осенний период в годы, предшествовавшие вспышке, приведшие как к элиминации потомства особей популяции с большой длительностью развития до имагинальной стадии, так и к сокращению длительности развития личиночной стадии эмбрионов, получивших необходимую сумму летне-осенних температур для завершения раннеэмбрионального развития и подготовки к зимовке. Такое снижение длительности развития, в свою очередь, могло привести к снижению смертности особей на активных стадиях развития от регулирующих факторов, в частности от паразитов и хищников. Рассматриваемая гипотеза требует дополнительных исследований, но в случае подтверждения позволяет дать адекватное объяснение ряду явлений, алогичных с позиции классических походов к причинам вспышек. In 2016, almost simultaneously the Forest Protection Services recorded formation of new gypsy moth foci with risks of moderate, strong and total defoliation damage in 2017 along the northern border of distribution range in the Trans-Ural and West Siberia. Significant part of newly formed foci were located in areas where previously there were no records of gypsy moth foci (Tyumen Region). All of newly formed foci were located further north than previously recorded foci (more than 70,000 ha). About 11,000 ha of them were in the southern taiga subzone. Another new foci located in stands where the last outbreak was recorded more than 50 years ago, in south-east of Sverdlovsk Region (more than 110,000 ha). Such synchronicity in formation of new foci over the wide range allows us to suggest that it was initiated by the same modifying factor. The goal of this study was to determine possible main factors that could provoke formation of the gypsy moth foci in areas further north than sites where regular outbreaks are usually observed. Conducted analysis resulted in the following conclusions: 1. In all likelyhood, the drought was not a modifying factor that initiated formation of the gypsy moth foci on large areas in Sverdlovsk and Tyumen Regions in 2016. 2. The main modifying factor that could provoke observed situation could be the low temperatures during second half of the summer and the early fall in previous years. That could led to both, the elimination of progeny of the individuals with long development duration and reducing in larval development duration of individuals that received the sum of summer-autumn temperatures on early embryonic stage that is necessary for the completion of embryogenesis and overwintering. Such reduction in the development duration could led to decrease in mortality of individuals on active stages of development (larval, pupal, adult) caused by such regulating factors as predators and parasites. 3. Proposed hypothesis requires additional research, however in case of corroboration it makes possible to adequately interpret some phenomena that cannot be explained from classical points of view on factors initiating the gypsy moth outbreaks.


2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 00063
Author(s):  
Anastasia A. Nikolaeva ◽  
Elena V. Golosova ◽  
Olga V. Shelepova

The possibility of using chemical and mechanical methods to control the undesirable growth of the invasive species Acer negundo L. at the expositions of the Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences, which has the status of a specially protected natural area, was studied. It was found that treatment of freshly cut stumps of A. negundo with glyphosphate in concentration of 7.2 g/l causes death of 65% of plants. In the rest of the specimens of A. negundo from this option the amount of growing epicormic sprouts decreased by 5.2 times in comparison with the usual cutting (control).


2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mbuzeni Mathenjwa

The history of local government in South Africa dates back to a time during the formation of the Union of South Africa in 1910. With regard to the status of local government, the Union of South Africa Act placed local government under the jurisdiction of the provinces. The status of local government was not changed by the formation of the Republic of South Africa in 1961 because local government was placed under the further jurisdiction of the provinces. Local government was enshrined in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa arguably for the first time in 1993. Under the interim Constitution local government was rendered autonomous and empowered to regulate its affairs. Local government was further enshrined in the final Constitution of 1996, which commenced on 4 February 1997. The Constitution refers to local government together with the national and provincial governments as spheres of government which are distinctive, interdependent and interrelated. This article discusses the autonomy of local government under the 1996 Constitution. This it does by analysing case law on the evolution of the status of local government. The discussion on the powers and functions of local government explains the scheme by which government powers are allocated, where the 1996 Constitution distributes powers to the different spheres of government. Finally, a conclusion is drawn on the legal status of local government within the new constitutional dispensation.


Author(s):  
L. E. Ryff

The aim of the work is to supplement and clarify the annotated list of vascular plants of “Castel” nature reserve on the Southern coast of the Crimea. Methods. The work is based on the results of long standing field research, which was carried out by the traditional route-reconnaissance method, analysis of YALT herbarium materials and data from literary and Internet sources. Arealogical and biomorphological characteristics of species are given according to "Biological Flora of the Crimea" by V.N. Golubev, biotope coding according to EUNIS habitat classification. The nomenclature of taxa corresponds to the " Spontaneuos flora of the Crimean peninsula" by A.V. Yena and to international databases Euro+Med PlantBase, The Plant List, Catalog of Life. Results. An additional annotated list of vascular plants of “Castel” nature reserve has been compiled, including 152 species, subspecies and cultivars from 97 genera of 38 families, of which 53 genera and 11 families have also not been cited for this territory before. Arealogical, biomorphological, biotopic and sozological characteristics of the taxa are given. As a result of a critical analysis of the list previously published by E.S. Krainyuk, four species were redefined, two species were proposed to be excluded from the flora of the specially protected natural area, several taxa are considered doubtful. Conclusions. The list of vascular plant taxa in “Castel” nature reserve has been supplemented with 11 families, 53 genera, and 152 species, subspecies, and cultivars; several species from the previously compiled list have been proposed to be excluded or considered doubtful. Thus, the flora of the protected area includes at least 425 species from 68 families. For the first time, the biotopic characteristic of the flora of the reserve was established.


2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Simões ◽  
Luís Miguel Carolino

ArgumentThis paper analyses a process of co-construction of knowledge and its multiple forms of communication in a country of the European periphery in the early twentieth century. It focuses on Lieutenant Manuel Soares de Melo e Simas, a politically engaged Portuguese astronomer, who moved from amateur to professional during the political transition from the monarchy to the republic. Melo e Simas paralleled his professional career in continuous activity of communicating science to the public in the context of republicanism in a double way, by responding to the agenda of republicanism and by playing an active role in shaping it. He aimed at educating lay audiences in the various ways of astronomy, and he reached out to as many people as possible by exploring a multitude of communication channels, from lectures to articles in newspapers and journals. Voiced often within newly created republican institutions, the praxis and the ideas of Melo e Simas helped to mold the new republican scientific ethos. By going beyond mere emphasis on scientism and positivism, usually taken to be the defining characteristics of the new republican ethos, this paper argues that science and the specificities of its multiple forms of communication were central to the way Melo e Simas shaped the republican ideology. Furthermore, popularization of science was used to legitimize the status of professional scientists at the same time that it helped reinforce their institutional setting, still to be negotiated in the forthcoming decades through a complex process which deserves further historical analysis.


2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mizuki Sata ◽  
Renzhe Cui ◽  
Chifa Chiang ◽  
Singeru Travis Singeo ◽  
Berry Moon Watson ◽  
...  

Abstract Background This study aimed to describe the status of alcohol consumption and drug use among young adults as well as their determinants. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of 356 young adults (aged 18 to 24 years) living in Palau in 2013. The prevalence of self-reported alcohol and marijuana usage were compared within and between sexes, age groups, ethnicities, and education levels. Results The proportion of current drinking was higher in people aged 21–24 than in those aged 18–20 (73.2% vs. 60.9%, p = 0.09 in men and 48.3% vs. 30.0%, p = 0.02 in women), while that of marijuana use did not differ between the age groups. The proportions of current drinking and marijuana use were higher in Palauan than in other ethnicities (current drinking: 70.6% vs. 40.6%, p = 0.005 in men and 38.8% vs. 16.6%, p = 0.04 in women; lifetime marijuana use: 80.0% vs. 52.9%, p = 0.02 in men and 56.1% vs. 30.6%, p = 0.09 in women). The proportion of frequent (3 times or more) marijuana users was higher for the lower educated than for the higher educated (62.5% vs. 32.1%, p < 0.001 in men and 33.9% vs. 24.4%, p = 0.12 in women). Conclusions Sex, age, ethnicity, and education were significant determinants of alcohol and marijuana use.


Mammalia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 70 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Brugière ◽  
Bakary Magassouba ◽  
Amidou Sylla ◽  
Halimou Diallo ◽  
Mamadou Sow

AbstractThe Republic of Guinea is thought to contain the largest population of common hippopotamus in West Africa. However, no systematic field survey has been carried out recently and the information available is limited to informal observations. To clarify the status of the common hippopotamus in Guinea, we carried out a biannual population survey along the section of the Niger River (the largest river in Guinea) within the Haut Niger National Park. We counted 93 hippopotamuses in 28 groups in the dry season and 77 hippopotamuses in 23 groups in the wet season. Mean group size and number of neonates did not change between the seasons. Hippopotomuses were more numerous along the river sections bordering uncultivated floodplains. This underlines the significance of this habitat (which is used as a grazing area) for conservation of this species. Haut Niger National Park is the most important protected area in Guinea for conservation of the common hippopotamus. Hippopotamus-human and -cattle conflicts in terms of floodplain use in the park's buffer zone should be closely monitored. Floodplain conversion to rice fields represents one of the most important threats to the long-term conservation of hippopotamus populations in Guinea.


1934 ◽  
Vol 30 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 801-801

The meeting held on 29/V of this year under the Health Sector of the USSR State Planning Committee heard reports from the Tatnar Health Committee on the status and prospects of the development of sanitation in the Republic of Tatarstan.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document