Features of the Current Epidemic Process of Infectious Mononucleosis in the Nizhny Novgorod Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
MI Popkova ◽  
OV Utkin
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Mononucleosis ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Epidemic Process ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Nizhny Novgorod Region

Introduction: Today, we are witnessing the process of forming a fundamentally new epidemiological situation on infectious mononucleosis. Over the past decade, a general increase in the incidence of infectious mononucleosis, its proportion in the structure of respiratory tract infections, and economic importance was noted in Russia. Information about the epidemic process of infectious mononucleosis in different areas is limited. Our objective was to study the features of the epidemic process of infectious mononucleosis in the Nizhny Novgorod Region in 2010–2019. Methods: We conducted a retrospective epidemiological analysis of the incidence of infectious mononucleosis in the Nizhny Novgorod Region for 2010–2019 based on official statistics using standard statistical approaches. Results and discussion: The long-term incidence rate of infectious mononucleosis in the Nizhny Novgorod Region was stable (+0.6 %) with the long-term average rate of 12.6 ± 0.6 ‰оо. An autumn-winter-spring seasonality with two distinct peaks (in November–December and May) was revealed. The majority of cases were children aged 0–14 years (72.8 ± 2.2 %). The highest incidence rates were regis�tered in the age groups of 1–2 and 3-6 years. We established a reverse trend in the disease incidence among children aged 0–6 (decrease) and 7 years and older (increase). Adolescents aged 15–17 demonstrated the most pronounced growth rate (+7.5 %). The typical annual dynamics in adults was distinguished by a clear spring-summer seasonality, the absence of a characteristic growth in the autumn months, and a low rate in December. The identified features of the epidemic process in different age groups require clarification and detailing. Conclusions: We established recent patterns and features of the epidemic process of infectious mononucleosis in the Nizhny Novgorod Region. This work is an important component of epidemiological surveillance of infection and a scientific basis for improving the existing system of preventive and anti-epidemic measures.

Features of Long-Term Incidence Rates of Acute Viral Upper Respiratory Tract Infections and Influenza in the Population of the Rostov Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
SS Slis ◽  
EV Kovalev ◽  
AA Kononenko ◽  
OV Sergienko ◽  
EG Yanovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Epidemic Process ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

Summary. Introduction: As of today, acute viral upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) remain the most common diseases in the world and the Russian Federation and one of the most important problems of national health care. The objective of our work was to study the dynamics and intensity of the epidemic process of influenza and other URTIs in the Russian Federation and Rostov Region over a thirty-year period and to establish the main features of the disease incidence in the Rostov Region. Materials and methods: We analyzed data of annual State Reports on Sanitary and Epidemiological Wellbeing of the Population in the Russian Federation and Statistical Form No. 2 on information about infectious and parasitic diseases for the period 1990–2019 and data on the size of population using StatSoft STATISTICA 6.1.478 Russian, Microsoft Excel, and NextGIS QGIS software. Results: We found that in 1990–1999, 2000–2009, and 2010–2019, regional URTI rates tended to decrease in each subsequent decade compared to the previous one. The long-term incidence rate of URTIs in the Rostov Region was 16,099.2 ± (2.045 × 384.2) ‰оо, lower than the Russian average rate of 19,710.3 ± (2.045 × 326.4) (p = 0.05). The amplitude of fluctuations in the incidence was 8,015.4 ‰оо and 7,619.6 ‰оо in the Rostov Region and the Russian Federation, respectively. Until 1997, regional incidence rates were comparable to the national averages but demonstrated an upward trend since the year 2000. We revealed unevenness of the course of the epidemic process related to cyclicity, with an increase in the duration of cycles since 1998. It was determined that the regional incidence of influenza was significantly lower than the national average and had a tendency to decrease. The long-term influenza rate in the Rostov Region was 412.4 ± (2.045 × 131.3) (p = 0.05) or almost three times lower than that in the country 1,553.0 ± (2.045 × 301.2) (p = 0.05). The dynamics of influenza incidence in the Rostov Region also had a cyclical course with a smaller amplitude of fluctuations (3,215.1 ‰оо) than in the Russian Federation (5,164.8 ‰оо). The duration of epidemic cycles in 1990–1998 and 2002–2012 was two years but we noted a three-year cycle in 1999–2001. We established a correlation between influenza and URTI rates and population density in regional cities and various age groups: the highest URTI rates (74.9 %) were registered in children between two to 17 years of age while 52.5 % of influenza cases were adults (aged 18+). Conclusion: The established characteristics of the development of the epidemic process of influenza and URTIs in the Rostov Region prove the necessity of a differentiated approach to organizing and implementing comprehensive preventive measures within optimization of epidemiological surveillance of these diseases, and can also serve as basic criteria for disease prediction.

scholarly journals Violence and the crime drop

2020 ◽  
pp. 147737082091345
Author(s):  
Soenita M. Ganpat ◽  
Laura Garius ◽  
Andromachi Tseloni ◽  
Nick Tilley
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Crime Concentration ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Crime Drop ◽  
Weighted Data ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Stranger Violence

According to the Crime Survey for England and Wales, violence fell dramatically between 1995 and 2013/14. To improve understanding of the fall in violent crime, this study examines long-term crime trends in England and Wales over the past two decades, by scrutinizing the trends in (a) stranger and acquaintance violence, (b) severity of violence, (c) age groups, and (d) sexes. It draws on nationally representative, weighted data from the Crime Survey for England and Wales, and examines prevalence, incidence and crime concentration trends. The overall violence fall was driven by a decline in the victimization of young individuals and/or males perpetrated by acquaintances since 1995. Stranger and acquaintance violence followed different trajectories, with the former beginning to drop post 2003/4. Falls in both stranger and acquaintance violence incidence rates were led by a reduction in victims over time. Counting all incidents reported by the same victim (instead of capping at five incidents) significantly affects trends in stranger violence but not in acquaintance violence. In relation to the distributive justice within the crime drop, this study provides unique evidence of equitable falls in acquaintance violence but inequitable falls in stranger violence. These findings highlight the need to examine violence types separately and point to a number of areas for future research.

ANNUAL DYNAMICS OF PNEUMOCOCCAL CARRIAGE AND COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA INCIDENCE IN KHABAROVSK CITY IN 2015

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (62) ◽  
pp. 16-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Татьяна Корита ◽  
Tatyana Korita ◽  
Людмила Бутакова ◽  
Lyudmila Butakova ◽  
Татьяна Каравянская ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Carriage ◽  
Pneumococcal Infections ◽  
Epidemic Process ◽  
Pneumococcal Carriage ◽  
Annual Dynamic

The research objective was to study prevalence of pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage among different age-group populations as well as evaluate annual dynamics of nasopharyngeal carriage levels against incidence rates of community-acquired pneumonia in Khabarovsk city in 2015. The bacteriological research was conducted among 2429 people (1100 adults and 1329 children) suffering from respiratory diseases. The level of pneumococcal carriage of the whole group was equal to 12.3±0.67%. The pneumococcal carriage was registered in all age-groups; its highest levels were diagnosed in children from 1 to 3 years old and in children from 3 to 6 years old (27.0±2.16 and 23.1±1.97%, respectively). The incidence rates of community-acquired pneumonia equaled to 290.2 per 100000 of general population and 687.1 per 100000 of children population. The comparative analysis of annual dynamics of pneumococcal carriage and community-acquired pneumonia incidence rates among general population of Khabarovsk city and separately for children from 0 to 14 years old has shown a correlation between these epidemiologic manifestations. Typically, pneumococcal carriage and incidence rates are the lowest in August; they elevate in September due to influence of common factors that are associated with “mixing” of people. The peculiarity of annual dynamic of community-acquired pneumonia incidence rates is a double-wave course with maximum in April and September. The revealed trends show the correlation between epidemic process of community-acquired pneumonia and undetected epidemic process of pneumococcal infections manifested as pneumococcal carriage.

scholarly journals The Incidence of Hip Fractures in Long-Term Care Homes in Saskatchewan from 2008 to 2012: an Analysis of Provincial Administrative Databases

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilian U. Thorpe ◽  
Susan J. Whiting ◽  
Wenbin Li ◽  
William Dust ◽  
Thomas Hadjistavropoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Care ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Administrative Databases ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Neck Of Femur ◽  
Term Care

BackgroundHip fractures (HFs) represent an important cause of morbidity and mortality among adults in long-term care (LTC), but lack of detailed epidemiological data poses challenges to intervention planning. We aimed to determine the incidence of HFs among permanent LTC residents in Saskatchewan between 2008 and 2012, using linked, provincial administrative health databases, exploring associations between outcomes and basic individual and institutional characteristics.MethodsWe utilized the Ministry of Health databases to select HF cases based on ICD 10 diagnoses fracture of head and neck of femur, pertrochanteric fracture and subtrochanteric fracture of femur. HF incidence rates in LTC were compared to older adults in the general population.ResultsLTC residents were more likely to be female overall (65.5%), although this varied by age, with only 46.6% female in those under 65, but 77% female among those 90 years and older. Mean age of residents was highest in rural centres (85.2 yrs) and lowest in medium–large centres (81.0 yrs). Of 6,230 cases of HFs in the province during the study period, 2,743 (44%) were in the LTC cohort. Incidence rates per 1,000 person years increased with age and were higher in the LTC group (F = 68.6, M = 49.8) than the overall population (F = 1.62, M = 0.73). Rates of HFs in the province and in LTC were higher in females than males in all age groups, except for the youngest (< 65 years), where males had higher rates, and the oldest category (90+) where rates were similar. Women 90+ years in larger LTC had significantly higher (p = .035) HF rates than those in smaller LTC, and also had significantly (p = .001) higher rates in medium-large compared to smaller population centres. However, after age standardization to the overall SK population, it was apparent that the larger LTC facilities and the medium-large population centres had overall lower HF rates than the small and medium LTC facilities and the small urban and rural PCs, respectively. One health region had particularly high rates, even when accounting for age and sex composition.ConclusionBoth HF numbers and incidence rates were higher in LTC compared to the overall population, with higher rates in older women, small to medium size LTC, and particular health regions. Our data suggest the need for further exploration of potentially remediable factors for HFs in smaller LTCs, and for targeting specific facilities and regions with outlying HF rates.

scholarly journals Viral hepatitis B, C and infectious mononucleosis: epidemiological similarities and differences

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
T. V. Solomay ◽  
T. A. Semenenko
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Infectious Mononucleosis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Official Statistics ◽  
Epidemic Process ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Transmission Mechanisms ◽  
Viral Hepatitis B ◽  
Epstein Barr

Introduction. The presence of etiologically unencrypted diagnoses in the structure of viral hepatitis determines the relevance of searching for other pathogens involved in liver pathology formation. The role of Epstein-Barr virus in the development of hepatitis was described in the scientific literature, but official statistics do not allow to assess its contribution to liver damage along with hepatitis B and C viruses.The purpose – to identify common and distinctive epidemiological features of viral hepatitis B (HB), C (HC) and infectious mononucleosis (IM).Material and methods. A retrospective epidemiological analysis of these nosologies incidence was carried out according to official statistics in 2009-2018 in the Russian Federation.Results and discussion. The multidirectional trends in the long-term dynamics of the incidence of IM, acute and chronic HB and HC and the presence of strong direct correlation between the acute and chronic HB and HC incidence were established. Distinctive features include disparity in epidemic process intensity in different age groups (prevalence of morbidity in children aged 1–2 and 3–6 years with IM and persons older than 18 years – with viral hepatitis). It is common for IM and HB and HC to involve the majority of urban population in the epidemic process, as well as children under the age of 1 year. The described differences are due to the action of transmission mechanisms specific to each infection.Conclusion. The results obtained in this study may serve as a basis for further study of the interaction of EpsteinBarr virus with hepatitis B and C viruses.

Reducing Effects of Anti-Epidemic (Quarantine) Measures during the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Incidence and Spread of Airborne Infectious Diseases (Based on the Example of Varicella)

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
EP Lavrik ◽  
AG Kravchenko ◽  
GM Trukhina ◽  
АА Gerasimova ◽  
SA Vysotin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Krasnodar Krai ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
Standard Techniques

Background. The coronavirus pandemic, also known as the COVID-19 pandemic, introduced significant changes in vital activities of the population and spread of airborne infectious diseases, the study of which enables ranking of preventive measures. The objective of our study was to assess the degree of influence of the lockdown and social distancing imposed in the Krasnodar Krai in 2020 due to the pandemic on the incidence of airborne communicable diseases based on the example of varicella. Materials and methods. We conducted a retrospective analysis of a 10-year incidence of varicella in the population of the Tuapse district, Krasnodar Krai using monthly and annual data on the incidence of infectious and parasitic diseases (Form No. 2) in the Tuapse district for 2011–2020 and the “Population Incidence” software, version 5, by applying standard techniques and methods of studying the epidemic process. Results. Stringent restrictive measures taken in the country in 2020 in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic caused a significant decrease (by 741 %) in the incidence of chickenpox among the population of the Tuapse district compared to the long-term average rate. In April – May and July – September 2020, varicella incidence rates were 30.98 and 7.75 per 100 thousand population or 7.4 and 18.8 times lower than the long-term average, respectively. The majority of chickenpox cases in the Tuapse district (as in the country as a whole) were pediatric – 94.02 % (RF – 94.3 %), with children aged 3 to 6 years making up 61 % of the total. Conclusion. The lockdown and social distancing imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic has a significant reducing effect on the incidence of airborne infectious diseases in the population in the absence of effective vaccination.

Age aspects of the incidence of chronic hepatitis C in children

2019 ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
E. A. Galova
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
The Public ◽  
Epidemic Process ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Viral Hepatitis C ◽  
Public Health Indicators ◽  
Nizhny Novgorod Region

Purpose of the study: to reveal characteristics of chronic viral hepatitis C (HCV) incidence in babies and preschoolers, schoolchildren, teenagers on the example of the Nizhny Novgorod region. Materials and methods. The article presents official epidemiological information on the incidence of HCV in children in the Nizhny Novgorod region in 1995–2015. Data statistical processing was performed with Statistica 7.0. soft ware package. Zero hypotheses were rejected at significance level of the corresponding statistical criterion p < 0,05. Results. The study revealed differences of HCV-epidemic process in infants and preschoolers, schoolchildren and teenagers. The incidence of HCV in children 0–6 years old and 15–17 years old is characterized by a lack of reduction and an uncertain prognosis (p < 0,05); the positive prognosis is possible in schoolchildren aged 7–14 years (p < 0,05). There was an increase of patients of younger age groups in the proportion, and decrease of cases frequency in children 7–14-year-olds. The authors identified that the viral hepatitis C incidence is correlate with the public health indicators and with the health care institutions activities; the correlations strength and correlations pattern is depend on age. The article presents a quantitative assessment of the relationship between the children HCV incidence in different age periods and the public health indicators and activities health institutions. Conclusions. In HCV-epidemic process in children at the present there is a redistribution of older and younger age groups role in its maintenance with the leading significance of the latter. Obtained results prove the significant contribution of HCV positive women of fertile age in the HCV- epidemic process in children at the present stage.

scholarly journals Estimated varicella incidence on the basis of a seroprevalence survey

2001 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. MUÑOZ ◽  
A. DOMÍNGUEZ ◽  
L. SALLERAS
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Delta Method ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Seroprevalence Data

Varicella is a disease caused by varicella-zoster virus. It is transmitted via the respiratory route, is highly communicable and mainly affects young children. An effective vaccine is now available, whose routine use is advised by health authorities in the USA and which can prevent severe disease, although breakthrough infections do occur. In deciding whether or not to include a vaccine in the routine vaccination schedule, knowledge of the morbidity of the disease in question is fundamental. Although reporting of varicella is compulsory in Catalonia, doctors only have to report the weekly number of cases diagnosed, and not their age distribution. Given that recent data on the prevalence of the infection in Catalonia according to age groups is available, it was considered that, using these data, an estimation of age-related incidence could be made.The objective of the present study was to estimate the incidence of varicella in Catalonia on the basis of the available seroprevalence data. A curve was fitted to the observed prevalence and point prevalence estimates for all ages were obtained. The incidence was derived by smoothed prevalence for each of these age groups. Estimated variance of the estimated incidence was obtained by the delta method. Predicted prevalence in the 0–4 years age group was calculated by the smoothed prevalence.The model that best fitted the sample prevalence was the exponential function. The estimated number of varicella cases in this study was 46419 (95% CI 40507–52270). As the population in Catalonia in 1996 was 6090040, the previous results give an incidence rate of 762·2 per 100000 persons/year with their 95% CI (666·1–858·3).The method described may be applied to the study of incidence rates in relation to the prevalence of diseases if we accept that the infection produces permanent immunity; the risk of mortality is the same for infected and non-infected subjects and that the disease incidence and population remain constant in time.

scholarly journals Epidemiological, ecological and clinico-laboratory characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Saint-Petersburg and suburb

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-134
Author(s):  
V. V. Nechaev ◽  
I. I. Yarovayа ◽  
I. V. Gorbunova ◽  
O. V. Meo ◽  
I. P. Fedunjk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Clinical Infectious Disease ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Cases ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

The goal is to identify the epidemiological, territorial-epidemiological, environmental, clinical and features of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in order to improve epidemiological surveillance in a large metropolis of the Northwestern Federal District.Materials and methods. An epidemiological analysis of cases of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in St. Petersburg for 2005–2019 was carried out and the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of 135 patients hospitalized in the S.P. Botkin Clinical Infectious Disease Hospital were studied. 70 patients identified combined HFRS diseases associated with other pathogens of viral and bacterial nature. An epidemiological analysis of cases of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in St. Petersburg for 2005–2018 and long-term monitoring of the zoological, epizootological state of small mammals in several districts of St. Petersburg and its suburbs were carried out. The clinical and epidemiological characteristics of 135 patients were studied, of which 70 patients identified combined hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome diseases associated with other pathogens of a viral and bacterial nature. To assess the epizootological situation, trapped rodents were examined for the presence of viral antigen and antibodies using the method of indirect immunofluorescence with the Xantagnost diagnosticum and enzymelinked immunosorbent assay.Results. The long-term dynamics of the incidence rate in St. Petersburg had a fluctuant rising character with two peaks. The proportion of diseases during the first rise was 11,5%, the second – 44,2% of the long-term incidence. Men prevailed in the age groups of 20-49 years without changes in periods. The proportion of women 20–49 years old was 20,7%, increased to 52,8 % in age groups over 50 years old. When distributed by month in a period of high incidence, the seasonal rise began in September with a peak in October. Infection with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome patients – residents of the city occurred mainly (with 35.5%), in the nearby territories of the Northwestern Federal District with 8.9% - in remote areas and with 5,9% in the countries of near and far abroad. The epidemiological situation in places of temporary residence and infection of people was characterized by an increase in the number of small mammals (redbacked voles) and, in particular, infection from 2,9 to 4,4%. Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome diseases occurred in the form of moderate severity in 94,4% cases. Severe forms were found in only 5,6% of cases. In the structure of combined infection in 25,9–22,3%, there was a combination of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome with gastroenterocolitis and influenza, serologically confirmed. In 17,6% of cases, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome was combined with other zoonoses (Lyme disease, tick-borne encephalitis, pseudotuberculosis, leptospirosis, tularemia), in 17,6% with of various etiologies. The presence of combinations of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome with other infections complicates the clinical diagnosis. 

scholarly journals EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COVID-19 IN NIZHNY NOVGOROD OBLAST DURING FEBRUARY 26, 2020 TO JULY 22, 2020

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ia.V. Panasiuk ◽  
◽  
N.S. Churilova ◽  
N.V. Vlasenko ◽  
D.V. Dubodelov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Novgorod Oblast ◽  
Epidemic Process ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Nizhny Novgorod Oblast ◽  
Nizhny Novgorod Region ◽  
Age Category

We studied individual parameters of the COVID-19 epidemic process in the Nizhny Novgorod region for the period from February 26 to July 22, 2020. It was shown that the most intensively involved in the epidemic process were persons of the age category from 42 to 65 years, among the sick the proportion of women was more (58,12%) than the proportion of men (41,8%). A positive correlation was found between the number of COVID-19 cases and age for the age groups from 19 to 41 years old and from 42 to 65 years old.

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