scholarly journals Epidemiological, ecological and clinico-laboratory characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Saint-Petersburg and suburb

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-134
Author(s):  
V. V. Nechaev ◽  
I. I. Yarovayа ◽  
I. V. Gorbunova ◽  
O. V. Meo ◽  
I. P. Fedunjk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Clinical Infectious Disease ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Cases ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

The goal is to identify the epidemiological, territorial-epidemiological, environmental, clinical and features of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in order to improve epidemiological surveillance in a large metropolis of the Northwestern Federal District.Materials and methods. An epidemiological analysis of cases of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in St. Petersburg for 2005–2019 was carried out and the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of 135 patients hospitalized in the S.P. Botkin Clinical Infectious Disease Hospital were studied. 70 patients identified combined HFRS diseases associated with other pathogens of viral and bacterial nature. An epidemiological analysis of cases of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in St. Petersburg for 2005–2018 and long-term monitoring of the zoological, epizootological state of small mammals in several districts of St. Petersburg and its suburbs were carried out. The clinical and epidemiological characteristics of 135 patients were studied, of which 70 patients identified combined hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome diseases associated with other pathogens of a viral and bacterial nature. To assess the epizootological situation, trapped rodents were examined for the presence of viral antigen and antibodies using the method of indirect immunofluorescence with the Xantagnost diagnosticum and enzymelinked immunosorbent assay.Results. The long-term dynamics of the incidence rate in St. Petersburg had a fluctuant rising character with two peaks. The proportion of diseases during the first rise was 11,5%, the second – 44,2% of the long-term incidence. Men prevailed in the age groups of 20-49 years without changes in periods. The proportion of women 20–49 years old was 20,7%, increased to 52,8 % in age groups over 50 years old. When distributed by month in a period of high incidence, the seasonal rise began in September with a peak in October. Infection with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome patients – residents of the city occurred mainly (with 35.5%), in the nearby territories of the Northwestern Federal District with 8.9% - in remote areas and with 5,9% in the countries of near and far abroad. The epidemiological situation in places of temporary residence and infection of people was characterized by an increase in the number of small mammals (redbacked voles) and, in particular, infection from 2,9 to 4,4%. Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome diseases occurred in the form of moderate severity in 94,4% cases. Severe forms were found in only 5,6% of cases. In the structure of combined infection in 25,9–22,3%, there was a combination of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome with gastroenterocolitis and influenza, serologically confirmed. In 17,6% of cases, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome was combined with other zoonoses (Lyme disease, tick-borne encephalitis, pseudotuberculosis, leptospirosis, tularemia), in 17,6% with of various etiologies. The presence of combinations of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome with other infections complicates the clinical diagnosis. 

Features of the Current Epidemic Process of Infectious Mononucleosis in the Nizhny Novgorod Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
MI Popkova ◽  
OV Utkin
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Mononucleosis ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Epidemic Process ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Nizhny Novgorod Region

Introduction: Today, we are witnessing the process of forming a fundamentally new epidemiological situation on infectious mononucleosis. Over the past decade, a general increase in the incidence of infectious mononucleosis, its proportion in the structure of respiratory tract infections, and economic importance was noted in Russia. Information about the epidemic process of infectious mononucleosis in different areas is limited. Our objective was to study the features of the epidemic process of infectious mononucleosis in the Nizhny Novgorod Region in 2010–2019. Methods: We conducted a retrospective epidemiological analysis of the incidence of infectious mononucleosis in the Nizhny Novgorod Region for 2010–2019 based on official statistics using standard statistical approaches. Results and discussion: The long-term incidence rate of infectious mononucleosis in the Nizhny Novgorod Region was stable (+0.6 %) with the long-term average rate of 12.6 ± 0.6 ‰оо. An autumn-winter-spring seasonality with two distinct peaks (in November–December and May) was revealed. The majority of cases were children aged 0–14 years (72.8 ± 2.2 %). The highest incidence rates were regis�tered in the age groups of 1–2 and 3-6 years. We established a reverse trend in the disease incidence among children aged 0–6 (decrease) and 7 years and older (increase). Adolescents aged 15–17 demonstrated the most pronounced growth rate (+7.5 %). The typical annual dynamics in adults was distinguished by a clear spring-summer seasonality, the absence of a characteristic growth in the autumn months, and a low rate in December. The identified features of the epidemic process in different age groups require clarification and detailing. Conclusions: We established recent patterns and features of the epidemic process of infectious mononucleosis in the Nizhny Novgorod Region. This work is an important component of epidemiological surveillance of infection and a scientific basis for improving the existing system of preventive and anti-epidemic measures.

scholarly journals Measles in Zaporizhzhia: in the footsteps of the last epidemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-113
Author(s):  
N. M. Polishchuk ◽  
N. L. Kolycheva ◽  
K. S. Krupiei ◽  
Yu. V. Bukina ◽  
M. Ye. Kolerova
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Mandatory Vaccination ◽  
Measles Incidence ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

In 2017–2019 in Ukraine, including the Zaporizhzhia region, a strong rise in the incidence of measles was recorded. A retrospective analysis of the incidence in the Zaporizhzhia region during this outbreak allows us to identify the main problems in the system of epidemiological surveillance to predict future possible consequences. The aim of the work is to perform a comparative analysis of measles incidence in the Zaporizhzhia region with the data obtained in the period from 2015 to 2020 according to the epidemiological criteria. Materials and methods. The annual reports of 2015–2020 provided by the Department of Epidemiological Research of the Zaporizhzhia Regional Laboratory Center of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine were used as materials for the retrospective epidemiological analysis of measles incidence in Zaporizhzhia region. Statistical analysis of the data was carried out according to epidemiological characteristics: age distribution, the residence of patients in urban or rural areas. Commonly used statistical methods used in medicine were used to evaluate the obtained results. Results. It is concluded that in the Zaporizhzhia region during 2015 only 2 cases of measles were detected for children, and in 2016 no measles were registered in the region at all. In 2017–2019 1.433 measles patients were identified in the Zaporizhzhia region, of which 68 % were adults and 32 % were children. The lowest detection rate of measles was registered among rural residents. Insufficient vaccination coverage of the population has become a significant reason for the spread of measles among residents of the Zaporizhzhia region. In 2020 no cases of measles have been registered in the Zaporizhzhia region. Conclusions. The prevalence of incidence rate among adults attests to the fact that today measles can not be considered only a childhood disease. The deficiency of an immune layer, both among adults and children, contributed to the rapid spread of the disease. Mandatory vaccination of children and the introduction of additional vaccination of adults, optimizing the system of epidemiological surveillance for measles, including continuous monitoring of vaccination, is the main mechanism for combating this disease.

scholarly journals Gender-Age Distribution of Patients with COVID-19 at Different Stages of Epidemic in Moscow

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
V. G. Akimkin ◽  
S. N. Kuzin ◽  
T. A. Semenenko ◽  
A. A. Ploskireva ◽  
D. V. Dubodelov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Distribution ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
The World ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Male Cohort ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic around the world and in Russia remains a major event of 2020. All over the world, research is being conducted to comprehensively study the patterns and manifestations of the epidemic  process. The main quantitative characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics among the population, based on the data of official monitoring over the current situation, play an important role in the development of  the epidemiological surveillance system.The aim of this study is to explore the peculiarities of age-gender distribution of COVID-19 patients in Moscow.Material and methods. The data related to the epidemiological characteristics of age-gender structure of COVID-19 patients in Moscow between March 19, 2020 and April 15, 2020, at different stages of the  epidemic were retrospectively analyzed.Results and discussion. The mean age of COVID-19 patients in Moscow was 46,41±20,58 years. The gender ratio (male/female) among the patients was 52.7/47.3 %, wherein the indicators varied depending upon the  age. Male/female ratio in the age group “under 39” stood at 53.7/46.3 %, and “over 40 years of age” – at  39.3/60.7 %. The predominant age range among male cases was 19 to 39 years old – 35.4 %, while among female patients – 40–59 years (36.5 %). The age distribution of patients in Moscow is indicative of the fact that COVID-19 is a disease that primarily affects older age groups. The age structure of all COVID-19 cases during the observation period is characterized by predominance of adult patients over 19 years of age – 92,7 % (92,6–92,8 %), the share of patients aged 40–59 years is 35,7% (35,5–35,9 %). The differences in the age distribution in males and females are as follows: in the male cohort, the age groups 19–39 years old and 40–59 years old prevail – 35.4 % (35.1–35.7 %) and 34.9 % (34.6–35.2 %), respectively. The age group 40–59 years old – 36.5 % (36.3–36.8%) dominates in the female cohort. 

scholarly journals Evaluation of the impact of specific preventive measures on the incidence of tick-borne viral encephalitis in the Altai Krai in 2000-2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 476-481
Author(s):  
I P Saldan ◽  
A V Timonin ◽  
S V Shirokostup ◽  
N V Luk’yanenko ◽  
B A Balandovich
Keyword(s):  
Rural Population ◽  
Viral Encephalitis ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Moderate Correlation ◽  
Aim Analysis ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Aim. Analysis of the effectiveness of specific preventive measures against tick-borne viral encephalitis among the urban and rural population of the Altai Krai of different age groups in 2000-2017. Methods. The paper presents the results of a long-term epidemiological analysis of the incidence among urban and rural population of the Altai Krai of tick-borne viral encephalitis in 2000-2017, the calculation of absolute and relative indicators, long-standing dynamics of the incidence of tick-borne viral encephalitis in RF ad Altai Krai was evaluzted as well as summarized parameter of vaccination and revaccination. Statistical data processing was carried out in the program Statistica 12.0. Results. The study revealed an inverse moderate correlation between the factor of the volume of emergency prophylaxis and the incidence of tick-borne viral encephalitis among the population of the Altai Krai (r=-0.51; p

scholarly journals Analysis of Epidemiological Situation on Crimean Hemorrhagic Fever in the Russian Federation in 2020 and Prognosis for 2021

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
A. S. Volynkina ◽  
O. V. Maletskaya ◽  
O. N. Skudareva ◽  
I. V. Tishchenko ◽  
E. I. Vasilenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Natural Focus ◽  
Modes Of Transmission ◽  
The North ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

The review presents an analysis of the epidemiological and epizootiological situation on Crimean hemorrhagic fever in the Russian Federation in 2020. During the stated period, 32 CHF cases were registered, which is the minimum indicator since the activation of the natural focus of CHF in 1999. The mortality rate was 3.1 %. The incidence was recorded in the Rostov, Astrakhan Regions, Stavropol Territory, the Republics of Dagestan and Kalmykia. A significant decrease in the incidence of CHF was noted in all entities of the Southern Federal District and the North-Caucasian Federal District. An imported from the Republic of Crimea case of CHF was detected in Moscow. The seasonality of morbidity, occupational, and age composition of CHF patients, modes of transmission, features of the clinical course of the disease in 2020 corresponded to the data of long-term observations. Epizootiological monitoring of the territory of the CHF natural focus showed that the abundance of Hyalomma marginatum adults and the percentage of Ixodidae tick pools positive for the presence of CCHF virus markers corresponded to the average long-term indicators at stationary observation points in 2020 , which indicates the persisting epizootiological disadvantage of the territory of the natural CHF focus in the Russian Federation. The persisting high numbers and infection rate of H. marginatum ticks can contribute to the development of an unfavorable epidemiological situation in the south of the country with a possible increase in the incidence of CHF in the Russian Federation in 2021. 

scholarly journals Analysis of Crimean Hemorrhagic Fever Morbidity Rates in the Russian Federation in 2009– 2018 and Forecast for 2019

2019 ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
A. S. Volynkina ◽  
N. D. Pakskina ◽  
E. S. Kotenev ◽  
O. V. Maletskaya ◽  
L. I. Shaposhnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Virus Population ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cchf Virus ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
The Russian Federation

The review presents the analysis of epidemic and epizootic situation on Crimean hemorrhagic fever (CHF)in the Russian Federation in 2009–2018. Over the past decade, 980 CHF cases have been registered in Russia (2,8 %lethal). In 2009–2018, there was a significant expansion of the epidemiologically active area of the natural CHF focus.Epizootiological monitoring of the territory of natural CHF focus showed that in 2009–2018 the number of imago andpreimaginal phases of Hyalomma marginatum – the main vector of the CCHF virus in Russia, remained consistently high.The average long-term rate of Ixodidae ticks infestation by the CCHF virus in 2013–2017 was 3,3 %. In 2009–2018 in the south of the European part of Russia CCHF virus variants belonging to the genetic lines Europe-1 (V), Europe-3 (VII) and Africa-3 (III) were detected. There were no significant changes in the ratio of circulating genetic variants of the virus in the regions of the Russian Federation, which confirms the relative stability of the CCHF virus population. In 2018, CHF morbidity rate in the Russian Federation retained downward trend, however, in some regions of South Federal District the number of CHF cases increased. One of the reasons for CHF morbidity rate decrement in the Russian Federation in 2018 was the well-timed acaricidal treatments of cattle and natural biotopes in most of CHF endemic regions. 

Unemployment as an indicator of economic security in the employment sector: A regional dimension

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-729
Author(s):  
T.N. Savina
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
National Development ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Employment Policy ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Band Theory ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

Subject. To achieve a high level of economic security is a key priority of national development. Employment reveals one of the most important aspects of social development of the individual that is associated with his or her needs satisfaction in the sphere of employment and is boon to economic security. Objectives. The purpose of the study is to show the impact of unemployment on economic security in employment. Methods. I apply such scientific methods as dialectical, historical and logical unity, structural and functional analysis, traditional techniques of economic analysis and synthesis. The methods of multivariate statistical and comparative analysis serve as a methodological basis of the study. To determine the indicator of unemployment, I use the band theory. Results. I underpin the growing role of employment in ensuring economic security. The paper presents a comprehensive assessment of the unemployment status and a comparative analysis of the indicator in the Republic of Mordovia, the Volga Federal District, and the Russian Federation as a whole. I identify trends in the average duration of unemployment, show the distribution of unemployed by level of education and age groups. Conclusions. The average annual unemployment rate in the Republic of Mordovia is lower than in Russia and the Volga Federal District. The findings may be useful for public authorities to substantiate their employment policy at both macro- and meso-levels, for designing programs and strategies for socio-economic development of regions and the social security doctrine, as well as in practical activities of employment services.

COVID - 19 AND THE PROBLEM OF PERSONALITY

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Mazaeva N.A. ◽  
Golovina A.G.
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Personal Transformation ◽  
Personality Changes ◽  
Age Dependent

In order to determine possible trends in the dynamics and characterological structure of personality in the General population caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, which is a long-term strong stressful effect and clinically and psychopathologically comparable to chronic personality changes after experiencing a disaster, the conditions predisposing to personal transformation, including clinical and prognostic patterns, are analyzed. The age-dependent nature of these changes is shown, and a number of features identified for different age groups are discussed.

An Epidemiological Analysis of COVID-19 Confirmed Cases, Reported at National Institute of Health, Pakistan (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambreen Chaudhry
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Travel History ◽  
Disease Epidemiology ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Multi Center Study ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) is a zoonotic disease of novel origin that posed a continuous threat to health worldwide after taking the shape of the pandemic. An understanding of disease epidemiology is supportive in timely preventive and control measures as well as contact tracing and curbing surveillance activities. OBJECTIVE The objective of our study was to determine the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 confirmed cases reported at the National Institute of Health Pakistan and elements of its spread in Pakistan. METHODS A retrospective record review was conducted at the National Institute of Health (NIH) Islamabad, Pakistan from January 25 to April 4, 2020. Univariate and bivariate analysis was done with 95% CI and p<0.05. RESULTS A total of 14,422 samples of suspected COVID-19 cases were received with a positivity rate of 9% (n=1348). Among all 70% (n=939) were male. The median age was 41years of age (range: 01-99Years). Among all, 19% were from 30-39 years old followed by 50-59 years old (17%). Children remained the least affected by 3% (n=35). Of the total reported cases, 55% (n=735) have reported the travel history within the last 14 days. Among these travelers’ international travelers were 23% (n=166) and domestic travelers were 77% (n=569). Travel history including both international and domestic remained significantly associated with the different age groups and Young adults remained more vulnerable to COVID-19 (P=0.03). Fever, SOB, and Cough remained the most significantly associated (P<0.05) in all age groups. CONCLUSIONS A higher incidence of COVID-19 among elderly men suggests robust quarantine measures for this target population. An escalating incidence of local transmission needs strict social distancing and hygiene practices to help flatten the curve. An extensive multi-center study is also recommended for a full understanding of disease dynamics.

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