scholarly journals أنواع التفكير: رؤية تكاملية في السياق الحضاري المنشود

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (94) ◽  
pp. 48-15
Author(s):  
فتحي حسن ملكاوي
Keyword(s):  
Single Individual ◽  
Maximum Extent ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Human Awareness ◽  
The Way

يُعبِّر تفكيرُ الإنسان عن وَعْيِه بوجوده في الحياة، وبوجود الأشياء والأحداث والظواهر من حوله، وبالكيفية التي يحدث فيها تفكيره. ويحدث التفكير بكيفيات محددة، ولأغراض محددة، وبمواصفات وخصائص محددة، كلّها يعتمد على التعدد في أنواع التفكير. تتناول هذه الدراسة بعض مداخل التصنيف لأنواع التفكير وعرضاً لأنواع وأساليب مختارة من التفكير. إن معرفة الإنسان بأنواع التفكير وخصائصها تمكنه من توظيف النوع اللازم بالمستوى اللازم من المهارة لتحقيق الغرض المنشود. وربما يصعب أن يكتسب الفرد الواحد كل أنواع التفكير، لذلك تسعى المناهج التربوية إلى اكتشاف القدرات المتميزة في الأفراد، وتوفير الفرص الكافية لكل فرد أن ينمو إلى الحد الأقصى الذي تمكنه منه قدراته، وأن تتكامل في المؤسسة والمجتمع أنواع التفكير المختلفة. Thinking expresses human awareness of his own existence in life, the existence of things around him, and the way in which his thinking occurs. Thinking occurs in specific ways, for specific purposes, and with specific characteristics, all of which depend on different types of thinking. This study addresses various approaches to the classification of types of thinking and presents few selected types and methods of thinking. Knowledge of types and characteristics of thinking enables a person to employ the necessary type with necessary skill to achieve the desired goal. It may be difficult for a single individual to acquire all necessary types of thinking; therefore, educational curricula seek to discover the outstanding abilities of individuals, to provide adequate opportunities for each one to grow to the maximum extent possible, and to guarantee the needed different types of thinking in the institution or the society.

scholarly journals Coronajerga, covidioma, coronalengua: acerca de los cambios lingüísticos en tiempos de la pandemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Gwiazdowska
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Formation Process ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Lexical Borrowing ◽  
Base Form ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Way

The aim of this paper is to present how the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic has changed our language and the way we communicate. The article focuses on the recent Spanish neologisms that have appeared during the pandemic year 2020 and attempts to analyze their word-formation process. The theoretical framework of this study is based on the classification of neologisms proposed by M.T. Cabré Castellví (2006). Firstly, the paper highlights semantic innovations, that is, neologisms which are formed through broadening, narrowing or change of the meaning of the base form. Secondly, different types of word formation mechanisms, such as affixations, compounding, conversion or shortening are discussed. The paper also gives new insights into the most creative ways that vocabulary related to coronavirus (COVID-19) has expanded (lexical borrowing, wordplay). The data were collected from articles, books, dictionaries, social media and various websites.

scholarly journals Text–Image Relationships in Tweets: Shaping the Meanings of an Epidemic

Societies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celine Morin ◽  
Arnaud Mercier ◽  
Laetitia Atlani-Duault
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Comprehensive Approach ◽  
Humanitarian Crisis ◽  
Humanitarian Crises ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Way

1. Background: While many studies analyze the functions that images can fulfill during humanitarian crises or catastrophes, an understanding of how meaning is constructed in text–image relationships is lacking. This article explores how discourses are produced using different types of text–image interactions. It presents a case study focusing on a humanitarian crisis, more specifically the sexual transmission of Ebola. 2. Methods: Data were processed both quantitatively and qualitatively through a keyword-based selection. Tweets containing an image were retrieved from a database of 210,600 tweets containing the words “Ebola” and “semen”, in English and in French, over the course of 12 months. When this first selection was crossed with the imperative of focusing on a specific thematic (the sexual transmission of Ebola) and avoiding off-topic text–image relationships, it led to reducing the corpus to 182 tweets. 3. Results: The article proposes a four-category classification of text–image relationships. Theoretically, it provides original insights into how discourses are built in social media; it also highlights the semiotic significance of images in expressing an opinion or an emotion. 4. Conclusion: The results suggest that the process of signification needs to be rethought: Content enhancement and dialogism through images have a bearing on Twitter’s use as a public sphere, such as credibilization of discourses or politicization of events. This opens the way to a new, more comprehensive approach to the rhetorics of users on Twitter.

Dual stain kit for the microscopic gram classification of ocular infection bacteria

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 248-249
Author(s):  
Jacob S. Hanker ◽  
Dale N. Holdren ◽  
Kenneth L. Cohen ◽  
Beverly L. Giammara
Keyword(s):  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Ocular Infection ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Ocular Infections ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Keratitis and conjunctivitis (infections of the cornea or conjunctiva) are ocular infections caused by various bacteria, fungi, viruses or parasites; bacteria, however, are usually prominent. Systemic conditions such as alcoholism, diabetes, debilitating disease, AIDS and immunosuppressive therapy can lead to increased susceptibility but trauma and contact lens use are very important factors. Gram-negative bacteria are most frequently cultured in these situations and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is most usually isolated from culture-positive ulcers of patients using contact lenses. Smears for staining can be obtained with a special swab or spatula and Gram staining frequently guides choice of a therapeutic rinse prior to the report of the culture results upon which specific antibiotic therapy is based. In some cases staining of the direct smear may be diagnostic in situations where the culture will not grow. In these cases different types of stains occasionally assist in guiding therapy.

Explanatory Power for Medical Expert Systems: Studies in the Representation of Causal Relationships for Clinical Consultations

1982 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 127-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Wallis ◽  
E. H. Shortliffe
Keyword(s):  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Inference Rules ◽  
Medical Expert ◽  
Comprehensive Knowledge ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Medical Expert Systems ◽  
Explanation System ◽  
Systems Studies

This paper reports on experiments designed to identify and implement mechanisms for enhancing the explanation capabilities of reasoning programs for medical consultation. The goals of an explanation system are discussed, as is the additional knowledge needed to meet these goals in a medical domain. We have focussed on the generation of explanations that are appropriate for different types of system users. This task requires a knowledge of what is complex and what is important; it is further strengthened by a classification of the associations or causal mechanisms inherent in the inference rules. A causal representation can also be used to aid in refining a comprehensive knowledge base so that the reasoning and explanations are more adequate. We describe a prototype system which reasons from causal inference rules and generates explanations that are appropriate for the user.

Facial recognition technologies and the new physiognomic era

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-56
Author(s):  
Abigail Nieves Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Facial Recognition ◽  
Personal Identification ◽  
Digital Photographs ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Recognition Systems ◽  
The Way

The current overproduction of images of faces in digital photographs and videos, and the widespread use of facial recognition technologies have important effects on the way we understand ourselves and others. This is because facial recognition technologies create new circulation pathways of images that transform portraits and photographs into material for potential personal identification. In other words, different types of images of faces become available to the scrutiny of facial recognition technologies. In these new circulation pathways, images are continually shared between many different actors who use (or abuse) them for different purposes. Besides this distribution of images, the categorization practices involved in the development and use of facial recognition systems reinvigorate physiognomic assumptions and judgments (e.g., about beauty, race, dangerousness). They constitute the framework through which faces are interpreted. This paper shows that, because of this procedure, facial recognition technologies introduce new and far-reaching »facialization« processes, which reiterate old discriminatory practices.

Legislation and the Constitutional Framework

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Steiner
Keyword(s):  
Civil Law ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Legislative Process ◽  
French Law ◽  
Major Overhaul ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Way

This chapter introduces the main constitutional institutions and mechanism governing France, taking into account the major overhaul of the 1958 Constitution in 2008. It also shows that legislation is the primary source of law in France, that there are different types of legislation, and that legislative sources are organised hierarchically. Moreover, the chapter also considers, within the constitutional framework, the legislative process and examines the way in which bills are drafted. It also seeks to familiarise readers with the layout of a French statute. In addition, this chapter shows that much of French law though not all of it is codified. Codification is a particular legislative technique common to most civil law systems.

Studies in the Transmission of Latin Texts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Oakley
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Textual Traditions ◽  
The Way

After a brief introduction on stemmatic method, this book contains genealogical investigations of the textual traditions of Quintus Curtius Rufus and then Dictys Cretensis. The sections on each author begin with a list of MSS and incunables that will be discussed (they number just over 150 for Curtius, about 80 for Dictys) and then a survey of existing scholarship. There then follows the classification of the MSS and incunables; most of the MSS of both authors were produced in Italy in the fifteenth-century. In the section on Curtius MSS B = Bern, Burgerbibliothek 451, Br = Brussels 10161, and A= Paris, lat. 5720, owned by Petrarch are shown to have been very productive. For Dictys it is argued that a stemma codicum can be established. First witnesses related to G = Sankt Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek 197 (these include an important lost MS of Poggio) are discussed, then those related to MS E, the codex Aesinas, owned by Stefano Guarnieri. There follows discussion of the archetype, of the way in which proper attention to the stemma codicum can improve the text, and of the excerpts from Dictys found in MSS of Dares.

Imagery in the Book of Revelation

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-67
Author(s):  
Konrad Huber
Keyword(s):  
Reception History ◽  
Book Of Revelation ◽  
Imperial Cult ◽  
Emotional Effect ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Figurative Speech ◽  
Theological Message ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Way

The chapter first surveys different types of figurative speech in Revelation, including simile, metaphor, symbol, and narrative image. Second, it considers the way images are interrelated in the narrative world of the book. Third, it notes how the images draw associations from various backgrounds, including biblical and later Jewish sources, Greco-Roman myths, and the imperial cult, and how this enriches the understanding of the text. Fourth, the chapter looks at the rhetorical impact of the imagery on readers and stresses in particular its evocative, persuasive, and parenetic function together with its emotional effect. And fifth, it looks briefly at the way reception history shows how the imagery has engaged readers over time. Thus, illustrated by numerous examples, it becomes clear how essentially the imagery of the book of Revelation constitutes and determines its theological message.

scholarly journals Deep Learning Methods for Classification of Certain Abnormalities in Echocardiography

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 495
Author(s):  
Imayanmosha Wahlang ◽  
Arnab Kumar Maji ◽  
Goutam Saha ◽  
Prasun Chakrabarti ◽  
Michal Jasinski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Variational Autoencoder ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Static Images ◽  
Long Short Term Memory ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
Better Than

This article experiments with deep learning methodologies in echocardiogram (echo), a promising and vigorously researched technique in the preponderance field. This paper involves two different kinds of classification in the echo. Firstly, classification into normal (absence of abnormalities) or abnormal (presence of abnormalities) has been done, using 2D echo images, 3D Doppler images, and videographic images. Secondly, based on different types of regurgitation, namely, Mitral Regurgitation (MR), Aortic Regurgitation (AR), Tricuspid Regurgitation (TR), and a combination of the three types of regurgitation are classified using videographic echo images. Two deep-learning methodologies are used for these purposes, a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) based methodology (Long Short Term Memory (LSTM)) and an Autoencoder based methodology (Variational AutoEncoder (VAE)). The use of videographic images distinguished this work from the existing work using SVM (Support Vector Machine) and also application of deep-learning methodologies is the first of many in this particular field. It was found that deep-learning methodologies perform better than SVM methodology in normal or abnormal classification. Overall, VAE performs better in 2D and 3D Doppler images (static images) while LSTM performs better in the case of videographic images.

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