DEVELOPMENT OF THE AERODYNAMIC DRYING METHOD FOR THE CHOPPED VEGETAL MASS

2020 ◽  
pp. 369-378
Author(s):  
Ion Habasescu ◽  
Valerian Cerempei ◽  
Iurii Molotcov ◽  
Lucretia Popa
Keyword(s):  
Vortex Flow ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Flow Parameters ◽  
Calculation Methodology ◽  
Vortex Dryer ◽  
Agent Flow ◽  
Drying Conditions

The article presents the theoretical study and elaborates the calculation methodology of the technological and constructive parameters of the aerodynamic dryers: the saltation speed of the vegetal mass particles, the speed of the thermal agent flow, the length of the dryer pipes and the duration of the moist particles contact with the thermal agent. The comparative analysis of the aerodynamic dryers was performed: with direct and vortex flow. The advantages of vortex dryers, recommended for implementation in production, are theoretically argued. In the research of the developed conical shape dryer, it has been identified a phenomenon of vortex flow parameters self-regulation to the material to be dried inside the dryer, under the condition of varying the amount of material feeding the dryer, allowing automatic creation of optimal drying conditions, when the supply of raw material and/or its humidity were changed within the studied limits. It has been demonstrated the possibility to increase up to 12-15 times the duration of contact of the raw material particles with the thermal agent and, respectively, to reduce the overall dimensions of the developed vortex dryer, compared to the known ones, which have direct air flow.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Innovative Dried Purée from Jerusalem Artichoke—In Vitro Studies of Its Physicochemical and Health-Promoting Properties

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2644
Author(s):  
Jan Oszmiański ◽  
Sabina Lachowicz ◽  
Paulina Nowicka ◽  
Paweł Rubiński ◽  
Tomasz Cebulak
Keyword(s):  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Jerusalem Artichoke ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Vacuum Drying ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Activity Inhibition ◽  
Health Promoting

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of Jerusalem artichoke processing methods and drying methods (freeze drying, sublimation drying, vacuum drying) on the basic physicochemical parameters, profiles and contents of sugars and polyphenolic compounds, and health-promoting properties (antioxidant activity, inhibition of the activities of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and pancreatic lipase) of the produced purée. A total of 25 polyphenolic compounds belonging to hydroxycinnamic phenolic acids (LC-PDA-MS-QTof) were detected in Jerusalem artichoke purée. Their average content in the raw material was at 820 mg/100 g dm (UPLC-PDA-FL) and was 2.7 times higher than in the cooked material. The chemical composition and the health-promoting value of the purées were affected by the drying method, with the most beneficial values of the evaluated parameters obtained upon freeze drying. Vacuum drying could offer an alternative to freeze drying, as both methods ensured relatively comparable values of the assessed parameters.

scholarly journals Effect of Drying Methods and Ultrasonication in Improving the Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolic Content of Apple Pomace Powder

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umesh C. Lohani ◽  
Kasiviswanathan Muthukumarappan
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Apple Pomace ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Full Factorial

Although extrusion is a promising process to develop ready to eat cereals and snacks, thermal treatment to raw material during extrusion results in degradation of phenolic compounds. Therefore, an approach was made to enhance the total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AA) of apple pomace (AP) prior to extrusion process. In this study, AP powder was naturally fermented (F) for 12 h and then was subjected to ultrasonication (U) at various conditions [25, 37, and 50 µm ultrasonication amplitude (UA) for 1, 2, and 3 min of ultrasonication time (UT)]. AP was then dried in oven (O) and microwave (MW), separately and thus four drying methods, i.e. O<sub>F</sub>-O<sub>U</sub>, O<sub>F</sub>-MW<sub>U</sub>, MW<sub>F</sub>-O<sub>U</sub>, MW<sub>F</sub>-MW<sub>U</sub> were used in combinations. Full factorial design was used for experimental plan and results were analyzed using statistical software. It was observed that drying method significantly affected the TPC and AA of AP powder followed by UA. UT did not have any significant effect on TPC, and AA. Maximum TPC, and AA observed for the AP powder dried in MW after fermentation and ultrasonication (MW<sub>F</sub>-MW<sub>U</sub>) at 50 µm UA for 3 min UT were 372.98 mg GAE/100g DW, and 729.67 µmol TE/100 g DW, respectively. MW<sub>F</sub>-MW<sub>U</sub> drying exhibited a more prominent disrupted and porous structure of AP powder compared with that of O<sub>F</sub>-O<sub>U</sub> drying.

Synthesis of Silica Aerogel Using Silica Sol by Ambient Drying Method

2017 ◽  
Vol 726 ◽  
pp. 199-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da Sun ◽  
Xue Ye Sui ◽  
Chang Ling Zhou ◽  
Nai Hong Han ◽  
Fu Tian Liu
Keyword(s):  
Pore Volume ◽  
Silica Aerogel ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Silica Sol ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Gel Time ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Average Size ◽  
20 Nm

In this experiment, silica sol was used as raw material, the mixture of ammonium chloride and ammonia was used as coagulant. After replacing the solvent with n-hexane, silica aerogel was obtained under the condition of normal pressure. The influence of sol pH and coagulating temperature on the gel time was studied. According to the SEM photographs, the influence of drying temperature from 30 °C to 60 °C on the microstructure of silica aerogel was analyzed. This study showed that when sol pH was 6.5, coagulating temperature was 80 °C and the concentration of ammonia was 0.4 mol/L, the gel time was the shortest. The average size of silica aerogel particles was 10-20 nm, the average size of apertures was 20-50 nm. When the drying temperature was 40 °C, the specific surface area was 402.41 m2/g, the pore volume was 2.33 cm3/g, the density was 0.18 g/cm3.

scholarly journals Sustainable management of mountain forests in the Czech Republic

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 526-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Vacek ◽  
V. Balcar
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Mountain Forests ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
The Czech Republic

Forest management in the Czech Republic (CR) was not shaped in the environment of natural forests but in the territory that was influenced by unregulated felling and animal grazing for a long time. Hence the fear for sustainable and balanced benefits from forests endangered by long-term uncontrolled exploitation was legitimate. Almost after three centuries of application of the sustainability principle, forests are considered not only as a source of renewable wood raw material but also as a tool of the environment formation. Mountain forests are an important landscape component of this country. They are an object of specific importance from the aspect of natural environment conservation, stabilization of natural processes and general landscape homeostasis. In addition, they fulfil a number of production and non-production functions. Cardinal elements of sustainable forest management in the CR conditions are as follows: management of the forest as an ecosystem, i.e. transition from exclusive care of forest tree species and their stands to care of the whole forest ecosystems; restructuring (conversion, reconstruction) of damaged and declining forests; optimum (species, genetic, spatial, age) structure of forest ecosystems differentiated according to site conditions and management targets; differentiated transition from general management to group or individual methods; utilization and support of spontaneous processes such as natural regeneration, competition and other principles of self-regulation. The above cardinal elements of sustainable forest management are applicable to forests of the CR in general, but their importance considerably increases in mountain forests where many species survive on the margin of subsistence. Moreover, mountain forests of CR have been heavily destroyed by anthropogenic factors, especially air-pollution ecological stresses, during the last three or four decades.

Vortex flow and lift generation of a non-slender reverse delta wing

2016 ◽  
Vol 231 (13) ◽  
pp. 2438-2451
Author(s):  
T Lee ◽  
LS Ko
Keyword(s):  
Particle Image Velocimetry ◽  
Lift Force ◽  
Vortex Flow ◽  
Particle Image ◽  
Delta Wing ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Force Balance ◽  
Flow Parameters ◽  
Image Velocimetry ◽  
Spanwise Vortex

The vortex flow and lift force generated by a 50°-sweep non-slender reverse delta wing were investigated via particle image velocimetry, together with flow visualization and force balance measurement, at Re = 11,000. The non-slender reverse delta wing produced a delayed stall but a lower lift compared to its delta wing counterpart. The stalling mechanism was also found to be triggered by the disruption of the multiple spanwise vortex filaments developed over the upper wing surface. The vortex flowfield was, however, characterized by the co-existence of reverse delta wing vortices and multiple shear-layer vortices. The outboard location of the reverse delta wing vortex further implies that the lift force is mainly generated by the wing lower surface while the upper surface acts as a wake generator. The spatial progression of the flow parameters of the vortex generated by the non-slender reverse delta wing as a function of α was also discussed.

scholarly journals A Development Methodology for Copper End Termination Paste — Part 1: Origin of Green Defects

2002 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Material Selection ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Process Condition ◽  
Viscoelastic Behavior ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Development Methodology ◽  
Drying Conditions ◽  
Raw Material Selection

Copper (Cu) based pastes have emerged as the termination materials of choice for ceramic capacitors with base metal internal electrodes. To prevent oxidation of nickel (Ni) internal electrode and the copper terminations, it is necessary to fire the terminations in a nitrogen atmosphere. This requirement places significant restrictions on raw material selection for the termination pastes. For example, acrylic-based resins are used as organic binder for their clean burning characteristics over the traditional ethyl cellulose based binder system. As the viscoelastic behavior of acrylic resin systems are different to those of cellulose systems, differences are observed in the flow behavior of the paste. In this paper, the influence of paste rheology on the green cosmetic defects such as mooning, peaking, etc. is discussed. Additionally, the influence of process condition such as dipping parameters, drying conditions etc., on the green cosmetic defects are discussed. Finally, properties of a copper termination, which can be processed between 800–825°C, are discussed.

scholarly journals The Effect of Drying Parameters on the Quality of Pork and Poultry-Pork Kabanosy Produced according to the Traditional Specialties Guaranteed Recipe

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Chmiel ◽  
Lech Adamczak ◽  
Katarzyna Wrońska ◽  
Dorota Pietrzak ◽  
Tomasz Florowski
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Final Yield ◽  
Drying Conditions ◽  
Drying Chamber ◽  
Selection Of

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of differentiated air relative humidity during the drying process on selected quality features of TSG (traditional specialties guaranteed) pork and poultry-pork kabanosy. After heat treatment and 24-hour cooling at 4–6°C, the products were placed in three chambers at 15°C with differentiated air relative humidity: 60, 70, and 80%, respectively. The drying process was carried out until all variants of kabanosy achieved the required final yield of the product (<68%). Color components, water activity and shear force, water, protein, fat, and salt content, and the TBARS indicator values were determined. The drying process might be shortened (~50%) by a reduction of humidity in the drying chamber from 80 to 60%. The changes in the content of chemical components in pork kabanosy compared to poultry-pork ones demonstrated the different dynamics of the drying of the two types of kabanosy and the need for the selection of optimum drying conditions relative to raw material composition.

scholarly journals Drying and Shade Effects on Spearmint Oil Yields and Composition

HortScience ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valtcho D. Zheljazkov ◽  
Tess Astatkie ◽  
Ekaterina Jeliazkova
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
The United States ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Mentha Spicata ◽  
North Central ◽  
Germacrene D ◽  
Spearmint Oil ◽  
Drying Conditions

‘Native’ spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) is one of the two most widely grown spearmints in the United States and in other countries. Recent studies demonstrated the feasibility of growing ‘Native’ spearmint as a cash crop for north–central Wyoming. Transportation and energy costs of commercial mint production can be reduced by drying the spearmint in windrows in the field for a few days after harvest and before oil extraction. This method of drying mint has been a common practice in the traditional mint production regions of the world. However, there is a knowledge gap regarding the effect of this drying method on the yield and composition of ‘Native’ spearmint oil. Field and laboratory experiments were conducted in Wyoming to evaluate the effects of drying duration in days after harvest (DAH: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, or 11) and drying conditions (shade and sun) on the yield of essential oil (EO) and on the concentrations of different oil constituents (beta-pinene, myrcene, limonene, eucalyptol, cis-sabinene hydrate, 4-terpineol, cis-dihydro carvone, cis-carveol, carvone, iso-dihydro carveol acetate, beta-bourbonene, beta-caryophyllene, alpha-humulene/transbeta-farnesene, and germacrene D). Neither drying duration nor drying condition had a significant effect on oil yield. The average yield of essential oil was 0.25 g of oil per 100 g of fresh weight. Drying duration and drying conditions had a significant effect on the composition of EOs. The concentrations of myrcene and germacrene-D were higher in the EOs from plants dried under shade (3.2% and 2.4%, respectively) than the EOs from plants dried under direct sun (3% and 2.2%, respectively). The concentration of beta-pinene was higher in plants dried under direct sun than under shade (0.92% vs. 0.88%). Carvone ranged from 51% to 53% in the oil and was higher in EOs from plants dried for 1 and 2 DAH and lower in EOs from plants dried for 7 days. Drying of ‘Native’ spearmint under direct sun in Wyoming for up to 11 DAH can be used as an effective tool to reduce transportation and energy costs without affecting oil yields.

scholarly journals Επιστημολογικές πεποιθήσεις: Διερεύνηση της δομής και της σχέσης τους με τη σχολική επίδοση σε μαθητές Λυκείου

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 321
Author(s):  
Φωτεινή Πολυχρόνη
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Epistemological Beliefs ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Older Students ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Structure Of Knowledge

The term epistemological beliefs (EBs) refers to the nature of students’ beliefsof knowledge and learning, these are related to the learning process through their effect on academic performance, motivation and self-regulation. Schommer has argued that the concept is multidimensional and consists of four distinct dimensions, the structure of knowledge, the stability of knowledge, the ability of learning and the speed of learning. The aim of the present study is to explore the structure of epistemic beliefs in a Greek sample, according to the theoretical model of Schommer, and how these beliefs are related to academic performance and other demographic and non demographic variables. The sample was composed by 470 students attending the three gradesof upper high school. The students responded to the Epistemological Belief Questionnaire (Schommer, 2000). The results showed that the structure of the epistemological beliefs is in accordance to Schommer’s theoretical model as regards the four dimensions and that the dimension structure of knowledge was the strongest factor. Low reliability rates lead to doubts regarding Schommer’s conceptual model. Moreover, it was found that ability of learning and stability of knowledge significantly contribute to the prediction ofacademic performance and that higher grades are related to sophisticated EBs. It was also found that girlshave more sophisticated EBs than boys in the speed of learning, and that older students have more sophisticated EBs in the stability of knowledge. Similar findings were found for the students of the theoretical study direction in terms of the stability and the structure of knowledge.

Impact of Spouted-Microwave Drying on the Selected Mechanical and Rheological Properties of Zucchini

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Stępień ◽  
Marta Pasławska ◽  
Radosław Maślankowski ◽  
Mariusz Surma ◽  
Klaudiusz Jałoszyński
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Product Quality ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Microwave Power ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Microwave Drying ◽  
Cutting Resistance ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Drying Conditions ◽  
Compression Resistance

AbstractMechanical and rheological properties of zucchini dried with spouted microwave - assisted heating was analysed. During spouted drying two levels of microwave power were applied: 100W and 250W. Tests were carried out for the raw material blanched in the temperature of 60ºC for 10 minutes and not subjected to a pretreatment. Compression resistance, cutting resistance and stresses relaxation ratios a and b were determined. A significant impact of drying conditions on the product quality within the scope of mechanical and rheological properties was reported. Raw zucchini has 5 to 7 times higher compression resistance, several times lowered cutting resistance and almost two times higher elasticity in comparison to dried material. Low-temperature blanching significantly affected the values of all investigated properties of dried zucchini. Change in microwave powers during spouted drying significantly influenced the increase of the compression work value.

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