scholarly journals Preliminary Phytochemical Screening, Proximate Analysis, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of an Algal Species of Hydrodictyon Reticulatum

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 01-26
Author(s):  
Mubashrah Munir ◽  
Arshad Mahmood ◽  
Rahmatullah Qureshi ◽  
Sidra Murtaza ◽  
Mehmooda Munazir
Keyword(s):  
Algal Species ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
Fats And Oils ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Freshwater Algae ◽  
Hydrodictyon Reticulatum ◽  
Wide Range

The freshwater algae grow in a wide range of aquatic habitats across the globe and are rich in secondary metabolites. The present study was designed to conduct the phytochemical screening, proximate analysis, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of water net (Hydrodictyon reticulatum), an algal weed from Pakistan. The pure and dried algal mass was crushed into a fine powder and four solvent-based extracts were used for phytochemical screening. The results of preliminary qualitative screening indicated the presence of flavonoids, phenols, quinones, steroids, resins, anthraquinones, glycosides, lignin, proteins, saponins, tannins, reducing sugars, alkaloids, terpenoids, fats, and oils, whereas the quantification results revealed the high quantities of total ash, crude proteins, crude fiber, alkaloids, carotenoids, flavonoids, and chlorophyll a. The studied methanolic extracts with maximum concentration (150 μg/ml) showed significantly (p-value ≤ 0.05) higher antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The IC50 values of the crude methanolic extract of water net were found very close to streptomycin (positive control) against both bacterial pathogenic species of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. This study concluded that the crude extracts of water net possessed antibacterial activity at par to streptomycin drug, and requires further detailed study for the separation, identification, and testing of the pure phytochemical compound to be used by the nutraceutical and or pharmaceutical industry.

scholarly journals Algal Diversity and Water Quality Assessment During Summer in Some Suburban Water Bodies of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chitralekha Nag Dasgupta ◽  
Kiran Toppo ◽  
Sanjeeva Nayaka ◽  
Atul Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Freshwater Algae ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
First Time

Freshwater algae can tolerate wide range of environmental stress and grow naturally in mixed communities. In the present study diversity of algae has been studied in some suburban water bodies near Lucknow, which revealed the occurrence of 32 genera and 40 taxa under four phyla - Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta and Euglenophyta. It is observed that heavy anthropogenic activities and low water level in late summer resulted in accumulation of pollutants which affected the algal species composition. The polluted water with high conductivity and total dissolved solids (TDS) showed the dominance of Cyanophyta and Bacillariophyta whereas most of Chlorophyta and few Bacillariophyta were found in less polluted water with low conductivity and TDS. Taxa Centritractus belonophorus belonging to Xanthophyta is being reported for the first time from Uttar Pradesh. The study also recorded for the first time several algal taxa from these water bodies of Lucknow.

scholarly journals Algal Diversity and Water Quality Assessment During Summer in Some Suburban Water Bodies of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chitralekha Nag Dasgupta ◽  
Kiran Toppo ◽  
Sanjeeva Nayaka ◽  
Atul Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Freshwater Algae ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
First Time

Freshwater algae can tolerate wide range of environmental stress and grow naturally in mixed communities. In the present study diversity of algae has been studied in some suburban water bodies near Lucknow, which revealed the occurrence of 32 genera and 40 taxa under four phyla - Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta and Euglenophyta. It is observed that heavy anthropogenic activities and low water level in late summer resulted in accumulation of pollutants which affected the algal species composition. The polluted water with high conductivity and total dissolved solids (TDS) showed the dominance of Cyanophyta and Bacillariophyta whereas most of Chlorophyta and few Bacillariophyta were found in less polluted water with low conductivity and TDS. Taxa Centritractus belonophorus belonging to Xanthophyta is being reported for the first time from Uttar Pradesh. The study also recorded for the first time several algal taxa from these water bodies of Lucknow.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of bio-culturing of fresh water algae, Spirogyra communis (Hassall) Kützing and Hydrodictyon reticulatum L.

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1125-1132
Author(s):  
Mehwish Jaffer ◽  
Hammad Ashraf ◽  
Shabnum Shaheen
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Freshwater Algae ◽  
Volumetric Growth ◽  
Hydrodictyon Reticulatum

For optimization of cultural conditions for algal biomass production of two local filamentous freshwater algae, namely Hydrodictyon reticulatum, and Spirogyra communis were cultured. Among all these tested media, H. reticulattum gave maximum biomass (18.6 g/l) in Bristol medium whereas, S. communis gave the biomass of 10.5 g/l in Bristol soil media. Then the effect of different carbon sources (lactose, glucose, cellulose and starch) supplement in Bristol media was evaluated for biomass production. Among all the sources cellulose at 1 g/l was found to be significant for optimal mass production of (15.81 g/l) and (18.6 g/l) of S. communis and H. reticulatum, respectively. Both the algal species gave insignificant results in all other carbon sources. The effect of different nitrogen sources (ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulphate, ammonium chloride, potassium nitrate and urea) was tested for biomass production. Urea at 0.1 g/l was found to be best (20.7 g/1000 ml) for optimal growth of H. reticulatum as compared to (16.86 g/1000 ml) of S. communis. However, cellulose as carbon source and urea as nitrogen source were optimized for significant growth of both the algal species. The comparison between the growth rates of both specimens was evaluated. Both the species gave maximum growth up to 15 days of incubation and then the growth started decreasing gradually. It is indicated that the volumetric growth of H. reticulatum is significant in the selected media as compared to S. communis.

scholarly journals Natural Experiment on Trade and Investment Liberalization and Soft Drink Consumption

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Tcholakov
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
P Value ◽  
Soft Drink Consumption ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Globalization is recognized to as a contributing factor to a health harming environment through a variety of mechanisms including through changes in food systems and food availability. Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption is linked to obesity and diabetes and its regulation is a key priority for public health. The Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) is an international trade agreement between 11 countries. Methods This project uses of natural experiment methods to predict the impact of the entry into force of the CPTPP on SSB consumption. These methods allow quantitative inferences to be drawn in the situations where the exposure is not randomly assigned. Soft drink consumption data was collected from the Euromonitor database for 80 countries from all regions. This data was used to estimate the effect of agreements similar to the TPP. Results Eleven country trade agreement pairs were identified. In 5 cases out of the 11, the exposed country had a higher soft drink consumption at five years after the trade agreement. The effect of the trade agreement exposure for an average country in the sample in a trade agreement was found to be 1.10 (95% CI: 1.01-1.18; p-value: 0.03) after adjusting for GDP and the involvement of the US. In 7 of the 11 member-countries soft drink consumption is expected to increase yielding an average increase of 9.0% in those countries; the changes did not yield statistically significant differences in others. Conclusions This projected extended the use of synthetic methods to the projection of future effects of policy implementation. While it showed that there may be increasing trend of SSB consumption in certain scenarios, this could not be generalized to all cases. This illustrates the wide range of effects of international trade liberalization and highlights that national policy probably plays a strong modulating role on the impact that it has on local food environments. Key messages Globalization can lead to health harming environments and its impacts should further be studied by public health professionals and researchers. Many global policies have the potential to lead to significant health impacts but are negotiated without involving public health experts.

Effect of Silver Ions on the Structural and Antibacterial Properties of Bone Replacement Material

2013 ◽  
Vol 795 ◽  
pp. 692-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nida Iqbal ◽  
Mohammed Rafiq Abdul Kadir ◽  
Nasrul Humaimi Bin Mahmood ◽  
Micheal Moses ◽  
Mashitah Binti Mad Salim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphates ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Silver Ions ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Silver Addition ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Inorganic Mineral

Antibacterial materials based on calcium phosphates have wide range of biomedical applications in the prevention of microbial infections. The synthesis of inorganic mineral component of bone i.e. hydroxyapatite was done with the addition of silver (Ag) (5-15 wt %) as antibacterial agent. The wet precipitation synthesis was carried out using diammonium hydrogen phosphate and calcium nitrate as P and Ca precursors. The presence and effect of silver addition on the structure was studied using Fourier Transform-Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) techniques. The antibacterial properties of all samples were evaluated using Disc Diffusion Technique (DDT) againstS. aureus,B. subtilis, P. aeruginosaandE. coli. Antibacterial activities of samples were found to vary depending on the bacterial species and Ag loading percentage. The antibacterial assay suggested that the addition of Ag ions within hydroxyapatite can be effectively provided the required level of antibacterial activity against bacteria.

Diet of European freshwater pearl mussels Margaritifera margaritifera (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionoida) in small river (Republic of Karelia, Russia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 325 (4) ◽  
pp. 502-515
Author(s):  
S.F. Komulaynen
Keyword(s):  
Algal Species ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Lake Ladoga ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Margaritifera Margaritifera ◽  
Pearl Mussel ◽  
Organic Detritus ◽  
Unicellular Algae ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Intestinal Contents

The freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus,1758) is endangered in Europe and is now listed in the Red Data Book of many countries and regions. The diet of the species in the Syskyänjoki River (a tributary of Lake Ladoga) has been studied. The contents of the intestine generally correspond to the composition of seston, and include organic detritus, filamentous and unicellular algae, fragments of invertebrates and macrophyte tissues mixed with silt and sand. The total biomass of the intestinal contents of varied from 0.8 to 30.6 mg per organism (absolutely dry weight). Margaritifera margaritifera consumes a wide range of particles, from 0.5 μm3 (bacteria and unicellular algae) to 200 000 μm3 (fragments of invertebrates and macrophyte tissues). About 90–95% (by volume) of the intestinal contents was consisted by fine organic detritus. The food composition did not differ significantly for mollusks of different sexes and size. In the intestinal contents, 63 taxa of algae were identified. The number of algal species in the content of one intestine varied from 3 to 17, with their abundance from 250 to 9560 cells per organism. The most abundant and constant in the contents of the intestines are unicellular algae. Diatoms are the most diverse, they make up 50.8% of the total number of species.

P–530 The use of wide thresholds for detecting intermediate chromosomal CNV up to 80% doesn’t improve PGT-A ability to discriminate true mosaic from uniformly aneuploid embryos

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Girardi ◽  
M Serdaroğulları ◽  
C Patassini ◽  
S Caroselli ◽  
M Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inner Cell Mass ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Preimplantation Genetic Testing ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Study question What is the effect of varying diagnostic thresholds on the accuracy of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS)-based preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies (PGT-A)? Summary answer When single trophectoderm biopsies are tested, the employment of 80% upper threshold increases mosaic calls and false negative aneuploidy results compared to more stringent thresholds. What is known already Trophectoderm (TE) biopsy coupled with NGS-based PGT-A technologies are able to accurately predict Inner Cell Mass’ (ICM) constitution when uniform whole chromosome aneuploidies are considered. However, minor technical and biological inconsistencies in NGS procedures and biopsy specimens can result in subtle variability in analytical results. In this context, the stringency of thresholds employed for diagnostic calls can lead to incorrect classification of uniformly aneuploid embryos into the mosaic category, ultimately affecting PGT-A accuracy. In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic predictivity of different aneuploidy classification criteria by employing blinded analysis of chromosome copy number values (CNV) in multifocal blastocyst biopsies. Study design, size, duration The accuracy of different aneuploidy diagnostic cut-offs was assessed comparing chromosomal CNV in intra-blastocysts multifocal biopsies. Enrolled embryos were donated for research between June and September 2020. The Institutional Review Board at the Near East University approved the study (project: YDU/20l9/70–849). Embryos diagnosed with uniform chromosomal alterations (single or multiple) in their clinical TE biopsy (n = 27) were disaggregated into 5 portions: the ICM and 4 TE biopsies. Overall, 135 specimens were collected and analysed. Participants/materials, setting, methods Twenty-seven donated blastocysts were warmed and disaggregated in TE biopsies and ICM (n = 135 biopsies). PGT-A analysis was performed using Ion ReproSeq PGS kit and Ion S5 sequencer (ThermoFisher). Sequencing data were blindly analysed with Ion-Reporter software. Intra-blastocyst comparison of raw NGS data was performed employing different thresholds commonly used for aneuploidy classification. CNV for each chromosome were reported as aneuploid according to 70% or 80% thresholds. Categorical variables were compared using Fisher’s exact test. Main results and the role of chance In this study, a total of 50 aneuploid patterns in 27 disaggregated embryos were explored. Single TE biopsy results were considered as true positive when they displayed the same alteration detected in the ICM at levels above the 70% or 80% thresholds. Alternatively, alterations detected in the euploid or mosaic range were considered as false negative aneuploidy results. When the 70% threshold was applied, aneuploidy findings were confirmed in 94.5% of TE biopsies analyzed (n = 189/200; 95%CI=90.37–37.22), while 5.5% showed a mosaic profile (50–70%) but uniformly abnormal ICM. Positive (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) per chromosome were 100.0% (n = 189/189; 95%CI=98.07–100.00) and 99.5% (n = 2192/2203; 95%CI=99.11–99.75) respectively. When the upper cut-off was experimentally placed at 80% of abnormal cells, a significant decrease (p-value=0.0097) in the percentage of confirmed aneuploid calls was observed (86.5%; n = 173/200; 95%CI=80.97–90.91), resulting in mosaicism overcalling, especially in the high range (50–80%). Less stringent thresholds led to extremely high PPV (100.0%; n = 173/173; 95%CI=97.89–100.00), while NPV decreased to 98.8% (n = 2192/2219; 95%CI=98.30–99.23). Furthermore, no additional true mosaic patterns were identified with the use of wide range thresholds for aneuploidy classification. Limitations, reasons for caution This approach involved the analysis of aneuploidy CNV thresholds at the embryo level and lacked from genotyping-based confirmation analysis. Moreover, aneuploid embryos with known meiotic partial deletion/duplication were not included. Wider implications of the findings: The use of wide thresholds for detecting intermediate chromosomal CNV up to 80% doesn’t improve PGT-A ability to discriminate true mosaic from uniformly aneuploid embryos, lowering overall diagnostic accuracy. Hence, a proportion of the embryos diagnosed as mosaic using wide calling thresholds may actually be uniformly aneuploid and inadvertently transferred. Trial registration number N/A

Antibacterial Activities and Phytochemical Screening of Crude Extracts from Kenyan Macaranga Species Towards MDR Phenotypes Expressing Efflux Pumps

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Hashim ◽  
Leonidah Kerubo Omosa ◽  
Vaderament-Alexe Nchiozem-Ngnitedem ◽  
John Mmari Onyari ◽  
Shital Mahindra Maru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Efflux Pumps ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Crude Extracts

scholarly journals Pharmacological studies of Mangifera indica leaf extract

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 073-079
Author(s):  
Agrawal RC
Keyword(s):  
Hydroxyl Radical ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Almost All

The present study was undertaken to explore the phytochemical screening, anti-bacterial and anti-oxidant activities of the hydro-methanolic leaves extract of Mangifera indica using standard screening methods such as disc diffusion and DPPH methods. In phytochemical screening, Mangifera indicaextract showed presence of secondary metabolites such as carbohydrate, phenols, tanins and proteins whereas Saponins were absent. It also showed antibacterial activities against almost all the test organisms. The extracts possessed potent hydroxyl radical scavenging activity against the positive control standard Ascorbic acid. Results denote the presence of hydroxyl radical scavenging principles in the extracts.

scholarly journals EXTRACTION, ISOLATION OF ACTIVE PRINCIPLES, ANTI-BACTERIAL AND WOUND HEALING ACTIVITY OF THE MARINE ALGAL SPECIES OEDOGONIUM GLOBOSUM AND OEDOGONIUM INTERMEDIUM

2021 ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
KARPAKAVALLI MEENAKSHISUNDARAM ◽  
PRAKASH GOVINDARAJ ◽  
SIVASUBRAMANIAM P. ◽  
RANJITHKUMAR DHANARAJ ◽  
MOHAN SELLAPPAN
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Spectral Studies ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Marine Algal ◽  
Wound Healing Activity

Objective: Algae is the undisputed treasures of the sea and are a valuable raw material, providing unlimited opportunities for new drug discoveries. Marine algal products are in demand in the international market in the form of standardized algal extracts or semi-finished products. Methods: Aqueous and methanolic extracts of Oedogonium globosum and Oedogonium intermedium species were obtained maceration and hot percolation. The active principles from O. intermedium were isolated, purified by column chromatography, and characterized by spectral studies IR, λmax, 1HNMR and MS. The extracts of Oedogonium species were screened for their anti-microbial effects, acute dermal irritation and wound-healing activity studies. Results: Comparing to Oedogonium intermedium (45 %, 90 %, 87 %), very low extractive yields were obtained for Oedogonium globosum (10.80 %, 37 %, 28 %). At phytochemical screening, Terpenoids, Flavanoids and, Glycans were found to be present in a significant amount and upon their isolation, it was found that a collection of fractions from cold extract with Rf value in the range 0.32-0.34 as Glycans and those from the hot extract with 0.40-0.72 as Flavanoids and those from methanolic extracts with 0.23, 0.44 and 0.71 as for Terpenoids. Anti-bacterial study revealed out the fact of Oedogonium species could give higher inhibition to gram-positive than for gram-negative bacteria at (10 μg/10μl/disc) concentration. No symptoms of systemic toxicity and mortality were observed. Silver sulfadiazine, more potent in wound closure, the effect of methanolic extracts of O. intermedium (87 %) was almost at par to the standard (95 %) in action and significantly greater than O. globosum (72 %, P<0.05). Conclusion: Admittedly, Oedogonium type algal species can be known as medicinal algae with a plethora of a wide range of pharmacological activities. Thus, this research work may be considered further for extensive innovative discoveries of new lead molecules and any other pharmacological activities, in the future.

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