scholarly journals Analisis Tingkat Ketimpangan Dan Karakteristik Sosial Ekonomi Penduduk

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-58
Author(s):  
Rafly Parenta Bano
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Low Income Population ◽  
The World ◽  
The Village

Although the poverty rate continues to decline, the trend of inequality in Merauke Regency tends to fluctuate and increase compared to 2007. Whereas the economic growth of Merauke Regency is consistently above 7 percent in 2011 and the contribution of the agricultural sector reaches a quarter in GRDP. In addition to the lack of research on the level of inequality in Merauke Regency, this research was conducted with the aim to find out the level of population inequality according to the World Bank's size and to understand the socio-economic characteristics of each population group. This study uses descriptive analysis to answer more clearly the purpose of this study. As a result, the level of inequality in Merauke Regency in 2017 is classified as moderate. Meanwhile, the low-income population mostly lives in the village, more likely to allocate income to consume food but less calorie, accept raskin butdid not receive a Social Protection Card. An important finding in this study is that the accessibility of low-income populations to social protection programs is still low. So it is necessary to evaluate the implementation of the program to be on target.

ANALISIS SUB SEKTOR UNGGULAN YANG BERDAYA SAING PADA SEKTOR PERTANIAN DI KABUPATEN LANGKAT

TABULARASA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rif’an Harahap
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Regional Economic Growth ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Welfare Society ◽  
Decentralized Governance

System changes from centralized to decentralized governance has provided an opportunity for local governments to regulate and manage Natural Resources (NR) and Human Resources (HR) in the region to create a welfare society can be characterized by the growth of regional economic growth. The research was conducted to determine the contribution and sub-sectors growth in the agricultural sector and a base and competitive sub-sectors so that it can be seen the leading subsectors of agriculture. The analysis method used is descriptive analysis will illustrate how the rate of growth and the contribution of sub-sectors in the agricultural sector. Location Quetiont (LQ) Analysis was used to determine the base and non-base sub-sector. While the analysis of Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) is used to see the sub-sector competitiveness. The combination of LQ and RCA analysis can then be used to determine the leading sub-sector. From the analysis it is known that sub-sector of the agricultural sector is a base sub-sector which has the potential to become the leading sub-sector. Meanwhile, from the RCA analysis is known that the base of the agricultural sector has a highly competitive sub-sectors are food crops, tree crops, livestock and forestry.

ANALISIS SUB SEKTOR UNGGULAN YANG BERDAYA SAING PADA SEKTOR PERTANIAN DI KABUPATEN LANGKAT

TABULARASA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rif’an Harahap
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Regional Economic Growth ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Welfare Society ◽  
Decentralized Governance

System changes from centralized to decentralized governance has provided an opportunity for local governments to regulate and manage Natural Resources (NR) and Human Resources (HR) in the region to create a welfare society can be characterized by the growth of regional economic growth. The research was conducted to determine the contribution and sub-sectors growth in the agricultural sector and a base and competitive sub-sectors so that it can be seen the leading subsectors of agriculture. The analysis method used is descriptive analysis will illustrate how the rate of growth and the contribution of sub-sectors in the agricultural sector. Location Quetiont (LQ) Analysis was used to determine the base and non-base sub-sector. While the analysis of Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) is used to see the sub-sector competitiveness. The combination of LQ and RCA analysis can then be used to determine the leading sub-sector. From the analysis it is known that sub-sector of the agricultural sector is a base sub-sector which has the potential to become the leading sub-sector. Meanwhile, from the RCA analysis is known that the base of the agricultural sector has a highly competitive sub-sectors are food crops, tree crops, livestock and forestry.

Assessing social sustainability in the gig economy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muralidharan Loganathan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Social Sustainability ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
Sustainable Development Goal ◽  
Development Goal ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Gig Economy ◽  
The World ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth

Sustainable Development Goal 8 to “Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all” necessitates country level measures across the world. We take forward a comparative analysis of India’s SDG 8 indicator list with both the UN and ILO measurements. We note inadequate measurements on social-protection and rights for non-standard forms of employment including gig work, that are intermediated by ICT platforms. From our analysis we identify some levers to broaden the current indicator measurements to include these non-standard workers as well, to improve social sustainability.

scholarly journals Public Spending and Poverty Reduction in Indonesia: The Effects of Economic Growth and Public Spending on Poverty Reduction in Indonesia 2009-2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Hendrawan Toni Taruno
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Single Digit ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Government ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Poverty is a complex and multidimensional issue. Over the past four decades, the number of poor in Indonesia has experienced a significant decline, from 40.10 percent in 1976 to 9.82 percent in March 2018. Nevertheless, the disparity of poverty rates between provinces is still quite high. The poverty rate in several provinces in Java Island, for example, is already at the single-digit level, while in Eastern Indonesia, is still more than double-digit level. As it is known, public spending and economic growth are two crucial instruments on poverty reduction programs. This study aims to investigate the role of economic growth and public spending, particularly education, health, and social protection on poverty reduction in Indonesia. By using panel data from 31 provinces during 2009-2018 period, this study used two regression models to analyze the effects of these two variables on poverty reduction, both in urban and rural areas. This study shows that public spending on health and education sectors has a slightly different effect on poverty reduction between urban and rural areas. Convincingly, spending allocation on health and education has had a significant effect to reduce poverty rate in rural areas, while the decline of poverty rates in urban is likely more influenced by spending on health. This study also shows that over the past ten years, economic growth and social protection spending did not have a significant effect on reducing poverty rates. Therefore, in order to reduce poverty more effectively, it would be better for the government to focus its poverty reduction programs on investment in health and education sectors.

scholarly journals An empirical nexus between poverty and unemployment on economic growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
KEJI Sunday Anderu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Lm Test ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Government

The study examines the empirical nexus between poverty and unemployment on economic growth in Nigeria between 1980 and 2016. Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL), Bound cointegration testing, and Error Correction Methods (ECM) were used to investigate the link between unemployment, poverty rate, and economic growth in Nigeria. Post estimation tests such as the Jarque-Bera test, Breusch-Pagan, ARCH test, and Ramsey reset test were also adopted in order to validate the research finding. The diagnostic tests further disclosed that the estimated model follows the Ordinary Least Square technique assumptions to attain efficiency and consistency of the model employed. The Jarque-Bera test suggests that residuals for both models are normally distributed, and the Breusch-Godfrey Serial Correlation (LM) test indicates that the hypothesis of no autocorrelation cannot be rejected. Interestingly, the ARDL and ECM results show that unemployment and poverty significantly impact economic growth both in the short and long run. Hence, the study recommended that the Nigeria government should ensure that adequate measures are put in place: Such as investment in education, agricultural sector reform, expansionary fiscal policy, intervention in micro-lending for small scale businesses by the government should be implemented to reduce the level of unemployment and poverty rate both in the short run and long run.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF COVID-19 TO EXCHANGE RATE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
ivy theresa
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Finance Minister ◽  
The World ◽  
Ministry Of Finance ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rate Research

Currently, in the whole world is experiencing a COVID-19 pandemic, including Indonesia. In Indonesia, there are quite a lot of people who have been affected by this virus. The presence of the COVID-19 will affect the economy, both in Indonesia and throughout the world. Many countries are predicted to experience a recession due to this pandemic. Finance Minister Sri Mulyani said, if COVID-19 could be handled as soon as possible, then economic growth was still above 4%. But the government must keep on preparing if this pandemic will last for another 3-6 months, the economic situation will worsen, with economic growth estimated at around 2.5% or even 0%.The purpose of this research is to find out the growth of COVID-19 in Indonesia and the impact of COVID-19 on the exchange rate. In this research, a descriptive analysis method is used by collecting data from the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Finance and Bank Indonesia. The results of this study indicate the growth of COVID-19 in Indonesia and the impact of the virus on the exchange rate.Keywords : COVID-19, Exchange Rate, Research Methodology

scholarly journals Subsidizing Agricultural Production on Imperfect Markets

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-456
Author(s):  
Rainer Marggraf ◽  
Wolfgang-Peter Zingel
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Relative Income ◽  
Imperfect Markets ◽  
Distribution Of Wealth ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Means Of Production

Economic growth, and the distribution of wealth and income, are two of the major, dimensions of economic policy in all countries. If one follows the data published by the World Bank, one can see, that even the relative income distribution in the developed and some of the developing countries are very similar; it is only, that the level of income is much lower in the latter countries, and therefore, that low income is more visible and striking. Therefore, raising the level of income of the very poor has been a major task of all governments. There has been a very controversial discussion, however, as to how the incomes of the poor can be raised easily, whether by economic growth, redistribution of wealth, i.e. the means of production, or of income. This discussion has been inconclusive so far, and the present paper sets out to examine some of these aspects. Pakistan may serve as a perfect example, considering the fact, that the country first suffered from an overemphasis on economic growth and a neglect of distribution and then tried distribution with no growth.

scholarly journals Sustaining Crop Production in Rainfed Areas in India: Issues and Strategies

2020 ◽  
pp. 154-173
Author(s):  
Raj Singh ◽  
Anchal Dass ◽  
V. K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Rainfed Agriculture ◽  
Livestock Population ◽  
The World ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Food Grain

The Agriculture sector plays an important role in the Indian Economy. Besides assuring the food grain security to nearly 1350 million (m) human population and fodder security to 512.05 m livestock population of the country, it contributes about 16% of total GDP, 12.5% of total export, and provides employment to over 50% total workforce of the country. Owing to the introduction of improved production technologies, expansion of irrigation facilities, increase the use of synthetic inputs, popularization of the technologies, implementation of policies for the agricultural development and greater investment in agricultural sector, food grain output in the country increased from 51.8 million tons (m.t) in 1950-51 to 285.01 m t in 2018-19. The growth rate of food grain production for the period between 2010-11 and 2017-18 was almost double the population growth rate. Despite the overwhelming growth in food grain production, market size, availability of improved production technologies and being the front ranking producer of many crops in the world, Indian agriculture is still facing several challenges, which are severely affecting its performance, income, employment and livelihood of the farmers. Rainfed agriculture in India occupies the largest area and the value of the produce in the world. It accounts for nearly 52% of the total net cultivated area of the country. Rainfed agriculture must play an important role in food security and sustainability of livelihoods because almost 40% human and 60% livestock population of the country depend on it. But, it is And characterized by unstable yield, dominance of marginal and small operational holdings, occurrence of frequent drought, low income, and lack of regular employment, food insecurity, out migration, malnutrition and poor socio-economic status of the inhabitants of the rainfed regions. In the era of globalization, transformation of subsistence agriculture to commercial agriculture coupled with increase of income higher per unit area is the need of the day to sustain the people’s livelihood in the rainfed regions. Efficient use of rainwater and soil moisture, adoption of improved production technologies of crop production, alternate land use systems (ALUS), integrated farming systems (IFSs), conservation of natural resources and better access to markets are of prime importance not only for enhancing crop production, income and employment, but also to sustain the livelihoods of the farmers under variable climatic condition of the rainfed regions. Hence, efforts have been made to discuss the constraints and improved production technologies, which can be effective to realize higher crop productivity and income from the rainfed agriculture in India.

scholarly journals EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN THROUGH ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND MSMEs

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
Ms. Niharika ◽  
Prof. M. K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Social Stability ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Women Entrepreneurship ◽  
Private Organization ◽  
The World ◽  
The Village

Women constitute 50% of the total population. In traditional Indian societies, they were confined to four walls but in the modern society, they come out of four walls to participate in all types of activities, including entrepreneurship. Women entrepreneurship plays a prime role in industrial development. In India empowering women through entrepreneurship has become an integral part of our development efforts because of three important reasons; i) Women development, ii) Economic growth and iii) Social stability through gender equality. The idea and practice of Women entrepreneurship is a recent phenomenon. There is growing evidence all over the world that MSMEs play a significant role in economic growth, productivity, innovation and employment of the country. Today, the village and MSMEs units account for about 45% of the total industrial production and 30% of the country’s exports. MSMEs do not only constitute of enterprises but they are strongly influenced by people, and most of all by the entrepreneurs behind them. There are different kinds of entrepreneurs which may be classified on the basis of business characteristics, education, motivation etc. One of the most expanding categories is that of Women Owned Enterprises (WOEs). WOEs now account for a growing share of all new enterprises. Women should create their own jobs and become entrepreneurs since opportunities of getting employment in either government, non-government or a private organization is almost declining. This article shows the present scenario of Women Owned SMEs in India and the support they acquire from Government and other institutes. KEYWORDS: Women Empowerment, Entrepreneurship, MSMEs, Economic Development, Government

scholarly journals Poverty and Hunger in India: What is Needed to Eliminate Them

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-259
Author(s):  
Arvind Virmani
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Average Income ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Government

There is a widespread impression among the Indian intelligentsia, foreign scholars, and residents of developed/rich countries that India’s economic growth has not reduced poverty, that globalisation has worsened poverty and/or income distribution, and that there are hundreds of millions of hungry people in India. These arguments are buttressed by recourse to India’s ranking on several social indicators. Esoteric debates about the comparability of survey data and gaps between NSS and NAS add to the confusion and allow ideologues to believe and assert whatever information suits the argument. What are the basic facts about poverty, income distributions, and hunger at an aggregate level? This paper reviews the available data and debates on this subject and comes to a commonsense view. It then tries to link some of the outcomes to the policy framework and programmes of the government. The paper finds that India’s poverty ratio of around 22 percent in 1999-2000 is in line with that observed in countries at similar levels of per capita income. The ratio is relatively high because India is a relatively poor/ low-income country, i.e., with low average income. 90 percent of the countries in the world have a higher per capita (average) income than India. The number of the poor is very high because India’s population is very large, the secondhighest in the world. India’s income distribution as measured by the Gini co-efficient is better than three-fourths of the countries of the world. The consumption share of the poorest 10 percent of the population is the sixth best in the world. Where India has failed as a nation is in improving its basic social indicators like literacy and mortality rates. Much of the failure is a legacy of the three decades of Indian socialism (till 1979-80). The rate of improvement of most indicators has accelerated during the market period (starting in 1980-81). The gap between its level and that of global benchmarks is still wide and its global ranking on most of these social parameters remains very poor. This is the result of government failure. The improvement in social indicators has not kept pace with economic growth and poverty decline, and this has led to increasing interstate disparities in growth and poverty. JEL classification: I3, I32, I38 Keywords: Hunger, Poverty, Public Goods, Public and Quasi-Public Goods and Services, Basic Education, Public Health, Sanitation

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