scholarly journals Management cycle of food security of a territory: assessment of application of geoecological knowledge

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-41
Author(s):  
С.А. РОДОМАНСКАЯ
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Food System ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Functional Model ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Management Cycle

Актуальность данных исследований обусловлена недостаточной проработанностью механизма управления процессами в сфере обеспечения продовольственной безопасности территории, что значительно снижает эффективность их регулирования и приводит к нерациональному использованию ресурсов (природных, трудовых и др.), возникновению негативных последствий и угроз. В рамках данных исследований разработан управленческий цикл продовольственной безопасности территории в виде структурно-функциональной модели, которая, наряду с субъектным и объектным блоками, состоит из комплекса взаимосвязанных подсистем. Оценку регионального уровня продовольственной безопасности предполагается проводить с помощью общепринятых критериев и показателей самообеспеченности, независимости (зависимости), достаточности, доступности и качества продукции. Основу метода моделирования в цикле составляет неотъемлемая его часть – наличие условий проверки, что не только способствует изучению сложившейся ситуации в продовольственной системе, но и позволяет спрогнозировать развитие этой системы при заданных условиях в кратко-, средне- и долгосрочной перспективе. В статье определено основное содержание, смысл и функциональное назначение подсистем, которые в совокупности создают все предпосылки для проведения системного мониторинга, выработки управленческих решений, определения текущей ситуации в обеспечении продовольственной безопасности и возможной координации действий в сфере ее обеспечения. Разработанный цикл имеет практическую значимость при выборе взаимоприемлемых мер и действий по устранению или смягчению критических ситуаций в сфере продовольственной безопасности. В данном цикле для каждой подсистемы определена специфика географических знаний, объединенных пространственным аспектом исследования. В заключение отмечается, что логическая взаимосвязь подсистем в цикле позволила получить целостное представление о потребностях управления продовольственной системой территории в геоэкологических знаниях, которые имеют экспертное и предметное значение. The relevance of these studies is due to the insufficient elaboration of the mechanism for managing food processes in the field of ensuring food security of the territory, which significantly reduces the effectiveness of their regulation and, in turn, leads to the irrational use of resources (natural, labor, etc.) and the emergence of negative consequences and threats. Within the framework of these studies, a management cycle of food security of the territory has been developed in the form of a structural and functional model, which, along with the subject and object blocks, consists of a complex of interconnected subsystems. As a method for assessing conditions, the use of modeling and foresight methods, an integral assessment of the level of food security and methods of strategic planning, in particular the situational method of SWOT analysis, is proposed. The assessment of the level of food security at the regional level is supposed to be carried out using generally accepted criteria and indicators of self-sufficiency, independence (dependence), sufficiency, availability and quality of products. The basis of the modeling method in the cycle is its integral part – the presence of conditions for checking the situation, which contributes not only to the study of the current situation in the food system, but also makes it possible to predict the development of this system under given conditions in the short, medium and long term. The article defines the main content, meaning and functional purpose of the subsystems, which together create all the prerequisites for conducting system monitoring, developing management decisions to enhance food security resulting from the iterative food process, to determine the current situation in ensuring food security and possible coordination of actions in the sphere of ensuring food security. The developed cycle is of practical importance in choosing mutually acceptable measures and actions to eliminate or mitigate critical situations in the field of food security or to enhance food security. In this cycle, for each subsystem, the specificity of geographical knowledge of natural-social relations, united by the spatial aspect of the study, is determined. In conclusion, it is noted that the logical interconnection of subsystems in the cycle made it possible to obtain a holistic idea of ​​the needs of managing the food system of the territory in geoecological knowledge, which have expert and substantive significance.

scholarly journals Strategic urban planning of religious cities: the case study of Karbala city in Iraq

Vestnik MGSU ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1081-1089
Author(s):  
Raeda Al-Daini ◽  
Asadi Samaneh ◽  
Nina V. Danilina
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Strategic Development ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
Planning Approach ◽  
Religious Factor

Introduction. The issue of choosing the strategic development vector becomes key to the sustainability of cities that have great cultural and historical significance and serve as religious centres. The religious factor produces a high effect on all urban processes and has to be considered whenever urban development is planned. This issue is particularly relevant for Iraqi cities, as they have suffered greatly over the past years. Materials and methods. The article offers an urban planning approach to assessing the current situation in the urban environment in order to determine the strategic vector of the city’s future development. We used the SWOT analysis method that allowed us to apply a systematic approach to assessing the strengths and weaknesses that determine the current situation, and to identify development opportunities and threats that may act as hurdles. The SWOT analysis is applied to transportation planning in Karbala, Iraq. Results. Principal theoretical and experimental results, relevant data, relationships and regularities, identified in the course of the research, are presented in the article. At the same time, new results and data of lasting significance, important discoveries, conclusions that overturn existing theories, as well as the data that, in the co-authors’ opinion, are of practical importance are preferred. Conclusions. The data, obtained by the co-authors, should serve as the basis for a strategic plan of urban development of Karbala city, Iraq. Also, the approach and method of urban research, used there, can be applied to other religious cities that face similar problems affecting their sustainability and the quality of their urban environment.

Features of Ensuring Economic and Food Security in the Context of Globalization

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
S.U. Nuraliev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Food Security ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
State Control ◽  
Food Trade ◽  
Economic Goods

The article discusses issues of ensuring economic and food security of the country in terms of globalization, the peculiarities of state control and regulation of the economy and efficiency of the economic resources of society for the production of economic goods to meet public needs, increasing the level of income and quality of life of the population. The article focuses on assessing the current situation and analyzing foreign experience, studying the main issues of organizing commodity movement, solving problems of wholesale food trade, and improving the mechanism of state support in this area to realize Russia’s competitive advantages and opportunities in the domestic and international markets.

scholarly journals Enhancing the Glopan Food Systems Framework by Integrating Gender: Relevance for Women in African Agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8564
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Mkandawire ◽  
Melody Mentz-Coetzee ◽  
Margaret Najjingo Mangheni ◽  
Eleonora Barusi
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Food System ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Gender Barriers ◽  
Nutrition Security ◽  
African Agriculture ◽  
Agriculture And Food ◽  
Systems Framework

Globally, gender inequalities constrain food security, with women often disproportionately affected. Women play a fundamental role in household food and nutrition security. The multiple roles women play in various areas of the food system are not always recognised. This oversight emerges from an overemphasis on one aspect of the food system, without considering how this area might affect or be affected by another aspect. This study aimed to draw on international commitments and treaties using content analysis to enhance the Global Panel on Agriculture and Food Security food systems framework by integrating a gender perspective. The study found that generally, there is a consensus on specific actions that can be taken to advance gender equality at specific stages of the food system. However, governance and social systems constraints that are not necessarily part of the food system, but have a significant bearing on men and women’s capacity to effectively participate in the food system, need to be addressed. While the proposed conceptual framework has some limitations, it offers a foundation on which researchers, policymakers and other stakeholders can begin conceptualising the interconnectedness of gender barriers in the food system.

Hospital Staff Perceptions of a Legislative Mandate for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Screening

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 573-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew E. Wise ◽  
Stephen G. Weber ◽  
Amy Schneider ◽  
Meg Stojcevski ◽  
Anne Marie France ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Staff Perceptions ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Chicago Area ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Implementation Plans

Objective.In August 2007, Illinois passed legislation mandating methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) admission screening for intensive care unit patients. We assessed hospital staff perceptions of the implementation of this law.Design.Mixed-methods evaluation using structured focus groups and questionnaires.Setting.Eight Chicago-area hospitals.Participants.Three strata of staff (leadership, midlevel, and frontline) at each hospital.Methods.All participants completed a questionnaire and participated in a focus group. Focus group transcripts were thematically coded and analyzed. The proportion of staff agreeing with statements about MRSA and the legislation was compared across staff types.Results.Overall, 126 hospital staff participated in 23 focus groups. Fifty-six percent of participants agreed that the legislation had a positive effect at their facility; frontline staff were more likely to agree than midlevel and leadership staff (P < .01). Perceived benefits of the legislation included increased awareness of MRSA among staff and better knowledge of the epidemiology of MRSA colonization. Perceived negative consequences included the psychosocial effect of screening and contact precautions on patients and increased use of resources. Most participants (59%) would choose to continue the activities associated with the legislation but advised facilities in states considering similar legislation to educate staff and patients about MRSA screening and to draft clear implementation plans.Conclusion.Staff from Chicago-area hospitals perceived that mandatory MRSA screening legislation resulted in some benefits but highlighted implementation challenges. States considering similar initiatives might minimize these challenges by optimizing messaging to patients and healthcare staff, drafting implementation plans, and developing program evaluation strategies.

scholarly journals Experiences of improving water access in rural areas in Guatemala

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2s) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Bresci ◽  
Antonio Giacomin ◽  
Federico Preti
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Knowledge Level ◽  
Water Access ◽  
Maintenance Activities

The GESAAF Department of the UNIFI has been involved in the project “Gestione ambientale e del rischio nel dipartimento di Sololà” in the period 2011-’12 aiming at guaranteeing water access to people leaving in rural areas in the Sololà Department in Guatemala, in collaboration with the two NGOs Movimento Africa ’70 and Oxfam Italia. Appropriate technologies, such as EMAS pump and well drilled with the Baptista- Boliviana technique, have been proposed and utilized for improving water access in areas where lack of water represented a limiting factor for the human development. They can be both considered compatible with local, cultural and economic conditions: in fact locally available materials are used and the tools can be maintained and operationally controlled by the local users. At the end of the project, 52 EMAS pumps have been installed and 19 wells drilled, 33 pumps have been installed in already existing wells tank. Formation activities of local people played an important role: diffusion actions of the methodology started from schools, 20 workers participated to an in class course and more than 100 participated in the field work. Monitoring activities on the 52 installed pumps have been carried out in order to check the performances of the pumps and the knowledge level acquired by the users. After some months of operation, more than 80% of the pumps were correctly functioning and the required maintenance activities have been carried out in collaboration with the local users. In order to analyze the project results, a SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) has been carried out for developing a strategy able to tackle the weaknesses and threats of the procedure. The application of the SWOT analysis showed to be an useful tool to analyse the current situation coming from the ended project. It has been helpful to gauge how the project performed. The analysis results may be also utilized for exploring strengths and weaknesses of a possible transferring of the methodology to other sites.

scholarly journals Aligning Programs and Policies to Support Food Security and Public Health Goals in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 319-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary K. Seligman ◽  
Seth A. Berkowitz
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Food System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Health Goals ◽  
Food Insecure Households ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Access To Food

Food insecurity affects 1 in 8 US households and has clear implications for population health disparities. We present a person-centered, multilevel framework for understanding how individuals living in food-insecure households cope with inadequate access to food themselves and within their households, communities, and broader food system. Many of these coping strategies can have an adverse impact on health, particularly when the coping strategies are sustained over time; others may be salutary for health. There exist multiple opportunities for aligning programs and policies so that they simultaneously support food security and improved diet quality in the interest of supporting improved health outcomes. Improved access to these programs and policies may reduce the need to rely on individual- and household-level strategies that may have negative implications for health across the life course.

Prelude: A Sense of Place

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Connor J. Fitzmaurice ◽  
Brian J. Gareau
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Sense Of Place ◽  
Food System ◽  
Social Connection ◽  
Commodity Chains ◽  
Farming Practice ◽  
Organic Products ◽  
New Type ◽  
Pass Through

The conventionalization of the organic sector has led many to be skeptical about the possibility of organic in and of itself promoting a meaningfully sustainable alternative to the modern agricultural paradigm. However, the bifurcation of the organic market into both mainstream and alternative spheres provides places within the food system where investigating the work involved in creating new economic and social relations of farming practice makes sense. We may very well have come to an era in which most organic products pass through the same types of industrial commodity chains as organic initially set out to challenge. But more and more people desire a new type of economy, one that fosters social connection, meaning, and new relationships of exchange (...

scholarly journals Integrating Agricultural Diversification in China’s Major Policies for Sustainable and Resilient Crop Production

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Wanger ◽  
Xueqing He ◽  
Wolfgang Weisser ◽  
Yi Zou ◽  
Shenggen Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Role Model ◽  
Food System ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Agricultural Diversification ◽  
Small Fields ◽  
Production Areas

Abstract Agricultural diversification of intensified farming systems is being proposed as a solution for achieving both food security and agricultural sustainability, but so far there has been little implementation of such policy at a larger scale. In China, major policies promote the “High-standard farmland consolidation” (HSFC) strategy to improve productivity and reduce environmental degradation in the world’s largest food production areas by simplifying instead of diversifying landscapes on large instead of small fields. As China’s Central government is asking for scientific innovations to improve its sustainable development strategy, we argue that China can become a role model to integrate agricultural diversification in its major policies, if HSFC builds on five decades of diversification research to achieve the national food security and sustainable development goals. We use text mining to analyze the past 17 years of China’s most important agricultural policy, the No. 1 Central Documents (1CD) policy and show that agricultural diversification at the field and supply chain level has received limited attention. Based on global synthesis studies covering five decades of research, we provide practical recommendations of how to integrate agricultural diversification in the China’s major policies from the national (the National 5-Year Plan and 1CD) to the provincial level. We use the major agricultural commodities rice, tea, wheat, and rapeseed in Zhejiang province as a case study to discuss how diversification can help to reach China’s sustainable agriculture targets. Diversification of China’s major food production areas on small fields could be an important example globally of how scientific progress informs policy and facilitates the food system transition.

scholarly journals Food security issues in the economic security system of the Republic of Armenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 08004
Author(s):  
M.G. Manucharyan
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Food System ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
The Republic

One of the most important components of national security is food security. The country's food security is mainly ensured through the development of agriculture, food production and food import systems. The main problems of the development of the agri-food system of the republic were the increase of the level of provision of the population with food, the increase of the level of economic protection of the country, which, first of all, requires an increase of agricultural production to provide the population with locally produced food products, raw materials to the processing industry as much as possible, as well as to increase export volumes. The main goal of the research is to develop and outline the ways of further development of the RA food self-sufficiency based on the development of agricultural production. Based on the analysis of the current situation in the agricultural market, to propose a set of economic development measures, which will contribute to the increase of the food security level, the development of the agri-food system, the reduction of the poverty level of the rural communities. The research substantiated the preconditions for further growth of agricultural production, as a result of comprehensive studies and analyzes, the main directions of improving food production and increasing efficiency were outlined, which conditioned the scientific novelty.

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