scholarly journals Leningrad city police in the local anti-aircraft system during the Great Patriotic War

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Panfilets ◽  
Andrey Udaltsov
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Main Work ◽  
Self Defense ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Aircraft System ◽  
The City ◽  
City Police

The relevance of the research of the Leningrad city police activities in the local anti- aircraft system during the Great Patriotic War is due to the continuing falsifications of the history of special services in western and domestic publications. Despite a significant amount of researches of the police activities during the war, above-mentioned authors including, the activities of the city police in the system of the local anti- aircraft system are not thoroughly elaborated and are not presented. The aim of the authors’ study was the activity of the Leningrad city police in the local anti-aircraft system as a unit, which was a part of NKVD office in the Leningrad region and a part of the People’s Commissariat of Internal Affairs of the Soviet Union simultaneously. The task was to determine the structure and responsibility for the anti- aircraft defense at the grassroots level and participation of the city police in this system. Besides, it was necessary to identify the main positions of the Leningrad city police, whose holders directly had to organize and monitor the work in the hotbeds of defeat through the structures of self- defense groups of households and dormitories. The results of the authors’ study revealed that the main work with the grass-roots formations of the local anti- aircraft system in the city blocks was performed by the divisional inspectors, who instructed, supervised and directed the work of self-defense groups of households and dormitories through housemanagement and commandants. Besides, the most capable policemen on duty were involved in this work, most often due to the absence of an officer at the station for any reason. In turn, the head of the territorial police department through his deputy managed the divisional inspectors and police officers. In connection with the work of divisional inspectors and policemen in neighborhoods, streets and squares, they often took a practical part in the elimination of hotbeds of defeat from artillery shelling and bombardment of enemy aircraft. In most cases they coped with this kind of activity with honor, sparing no effort and lives, starting to extinguish fire, without waiting for the arrival of the fire brigades.

Addressing tent cities: an example of police/non-profit collaboration

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 931-943
Author(s):  
Brittany Solensten ◽  
Dale Willits
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Non Profit Organizations ◽  
The City

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine a collaborative relationship between non-profit organizations and a Midwest police department to address issues of poverty and homelessness. Design/methodology/approach Qualitative interviews were conducted with five non-profit organization workers along with three police officers about social problems in the city between September and December of 2017. Findings The collaboration between non-profit organizations and law enforcement was largely helpful and successful in integrating residents of tent city into existing housing programs within the city, limiting future law enforcement calls addressing latent homelessness issues. Research limitations/implications This qualitative study was exploratory in nature and data were drawn from a single city. Although key stakeholders were interviewed, results are based on a small sample of police and non-profit social service workers. Also, individuals who lived in the tent city were not interviewed. Practical implications This study demonstrates how an approach in addressing tent cities through non-profit organizations and law enforcement collaboration are arguably effective in humanely moving residents of tent cities into housing for a long-term solution to homelessness. Originality/value There is limited research about tent cities especially the long-term effectiveness of dismantling them with various methods. This paper demonstrates one city’s approach to combat homelessness by dismantling a tent city, with a follow-up a few years later showing the effectiveness of a more humane approach, which can set an example for future cities also combating homelessness.

Public Sentiment among the Population of the City of Leningrad and the Leningrad Region in June - August 1941: From Situation Reports of the NKGB of the USSR

2018 ◽  
pp. 1051-1059
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Bogdanov ◽  
◽  
Vladimir G. Ostapyuk ◽  
Natalya A. Zhukova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
State Security ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Military ◽  
The City

The article considers one aspect of everyday life of the population of Leningrad and the Leningrad region in the first months of the Great Patriotic War, which had been carefully concealed by official Soviet propaganda. Throughout all postwar decades up to the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russian historical science continued to reproduce the myth of absolute unity of the Soviet society and mass patriotic enthusiasm of the working class, kolkhoz peasants and intelligentsia in the face of enemy aggression. And yet archival documents of the state security agencies reveal numerous facts and distinctive features of anti-Soviet manifestations among various socio-professional groups of the population of Leningrad and the Leningrad region in the first months following the German invasion in the Soviet territory. These facts show that the imminent war had a serious impact on the inner world of the inhabitants of the Northern capital of the Soviet Union, exacerbating numerous problems that had accumulated in the Soviet society in the decades before the war. The article mostly draws on the recently declassified situation reports of the People's Commissariat of State Security for the city of Leningrad and the Leningrad region from the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense. It deals with such occurrences of anti-state sentiment as panic rumors, anti-Soviet agitation, listening to the radio-broadcasts of hostile states, distribution of anti-Soviet leaflets, planning pogroms of local party and state leaders. It analyses key features of anti-Soviet manifestations among urban and rural population. It contains information on the first manifestations of collaboration among those inhabitants of the Leningrad region, who had ended up in the territory occupied by the German troops. It studies mechanics of repressive activities of state security bodies caused by restructuring of Soviet society, while the military operations began.

Community Policing Grows in Brooklyn: An Inside View of the New York City Police Department's Model Precinct

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 384-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antony M. Pate ◽  
Penny Shtull
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Community Policing ◽  
York City ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Neighborhood Problems ◽  
National Institute Of Justice ◽  
Community Oriented Policing ◽  
The City ◽  
City Police

In 1990 the New York City Police Department committed itself to implementing community-oriented policing throughout the city. They selected the 72nd precinct in Brooklyn to test a comprehensive police model with full staffing and resources. The Police Foundation, with funding from the National Institute of Justice, conducted a process evaluation of the program, which among other things, examined its effects on the structure and operations of police activities. Results showed that officers had favorable impressions of community policing and that they were able to identify residents' concerns and develop effective methods for solving neighborhood problems.

The Law Has a Bad Opinion of Me

2019 ◽  
pp. 123-153
Author(s):  
Simon Balto
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Police Department ◽  
War On Drugs ◽  
Urban Crisis ◽  
The West ◽  
West Side ◽  
South Side ◽  
The City

Overlapping chronologically with the preceding chapter, chapter 4 explores a localized “punitive turn” in Chicago’s policing arrangement during the late 1940s and especially in the 1950s. Driven by grassroots pressure from white citizens, the exposure of corruption both politically and within the police department, and the rise of the famed Daley machine, police power and the size of the police department itself both expanded dramatically during this period. Once elected, Daley radically expanded the number of police officers employed by the city. Those officers were also invested with increasing amounts of discretion, leading to the expanded use of stop and frisk and other tools that disproportionately were used against Black citizens. In a department lacking meaningful accountability mechanisms, this increased discretion also led to widespread accusations against police that they were engaged in the illegal detention of citizens and also of torture. The chapter also details the early onset of the urban crisis, especially on the West Side as neighborhoods there transitioned from white to Black, and an early-1950s “war on drugs” that police waged on the Black South Side.

scholarly journals UPAYA PENANGGULANGAN TINDAK PIDANA PERJUDIAN OLEH KEPOLISIAN (Studi Kasus Polres Bukittinggi dan Polres Payakumbuh)

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Failin Alin ◽  
Ana Ramadhona
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Public Understanding ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
The People ◽  
The City ◽  
City Police

If the crime of gambling is left in the City of Bukittinggi and the City of Payakumbuh, then it is not impossible that this future will be bleak because of the mentality of the Indonesian people, especially the younger generation will be dilapidated, even all their behavior will tend to commit crime. The formulation of the problem in this study is whether the causes of gambling crime in the jurisdiction of Bukittinggi District Police and Payakumbuh City Police ?, Are the obstacles in countering the crime of gambling by the Bukittinggi Police investigator and Payakumbuh Police investigator? and the Payakumbuh Police investigator ?, the method used in this research is empirical juridical. The results showed that the causes of gambling crime in the Legal Area of Bukittinggi City Police and Payakumbuh were not only those who belonged to the "haves" group, but from the people who lacked economic conditions, lack of public understanding of religious teachings, and environmental conditions. get used to or at least invite the public to do gambling. Secondly, the obstacles encountered in countering gambling crime by the Bukittinggi City Police investigator and Payakumbuh City are limited by law enforcement officers, especially investigators, lack of facilities and infrastructure in operational costs, non-permanent gambling, some people do not want to be witnesses, lack of awareness the community and the involvement of police officers who became back-up gambling. Third, efforts to tackle the crime of gambling by the Bukittinggi City Police investigator and Payakumbuh City are carried out in a preventive and repressive manner.

scholarly journals Memorial urbanonymy of Ulan-Ude as commemoration of the heroes of the Great Patriotic War

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-31
Author(s):  
Yuliya Gennadevna Pushkareva ◽  
Alena Vasil'evna Zharnikova
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Inner City ◽  
Semantic Group ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Thesis Statement ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The City

This article examines the inner-city names of the capital of the Republic of Buryatia – Ulan-Ude. Using the method of continuous sampling, the author determined the lexical-semantic group “Heroes of the Soviet Union, Participants of the Great Patriotic War” in the memorial urbanonyms. The research leans on the reference dictionary “The Streets of Ulan-Ude are Historical Monuments”, and online map of the city of Ulan-Ude 2GIS. The goal of this research is to analyze the memorial urbanonyms of Ulan-Ude, determine the names of Heroes of the Soviet Union, natives of Buryatia and other cities of the Soviet Union recorded in the urbanonymicon of the capital of the republic, as well as compile the list of proper names of this lexical-semantic group that are not inscribed in the map of Ulan-Ude. The subject of this study is the memorial urbanonyms of Ulan-Ude, motivated by the lexical-semantic group “Heroes of the Soviet Union, Participants of the Great Patriotic War”. The conducted research reinforces the thesis statement that memorial urbanonyms are the universal category and reflected on the maps of multiple Russian cities, including Ulan-Ude. The conclusion is made that the creation of new names for inner-city objects should be based on the established traditions and rules of nomination in order to fit into the existing linguistic system of the city, be attributable to the object, and contribute to its differentiation. The article reveals the names of Heroes of the Soviet Union that are neither included in the urbanonymicon of Ulan-Ude nor reflected in the map. The acquired results can serve as the recommendation for the municipal administration to use memorial names from the lexical-semantic group “Heroes of the Soviet Union”, which are not included in the urbanonymicon of Ulan-Ude.

scholarly journals Fighter Battalions of the Leningrad Region Defending the City During the Summer of 1941 — Spring of 1942

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-605
Author(s):  
T. D. Medvedev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Central State ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tragic Event ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The City ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The Great Patriotic War became not only the most tragic event in modern Russian history, but also a test for the state system of the USSR, which underwent a number of changes after the outbreak of war. Among other things, the war also affected structures subordinate to the People’s Commissariat of Internal Affairs (NKVD). New irregular units were created in the NKVD structure, the so-called fighter battalions designed to protect the Red Army’s near rear and to maintain order in the frontline zone. The article explores issues related to the formation and application of these units in one of the most difficult sections of the Soviet-German front, the Leningrad front. In particular, the process of creating fighter battalions in this region is studied, the level of their material support, and how these units were used in conditions of the German army’s rapid attack on Leningrad and how they were used somewhat later during the siege. The source base includes previously unpublished documents from the Central State Archive of Historical and Political Documents of the city of St. Petersburg and the State Archive of the Russian Federation. An analysis allows not only a comprehensive study of the above problems, but also possible answers to one of the little-studied questions of the history of the Great Patriotic War: how the Soviet command used irregular military formations at the first stage of the war and what role they played in achieving victory.

scholarly journals Police Use Of Excessive Force: A Case Study Of Lethal (Deadly) Force

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 488
Author(s):  
Vedat Kargin
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
York City ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Excessive Force ◽  
Lethal Force ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
City Police

Two African-American civilians, Sean Bell and Amadou Bailo Diallo, suffered tragic deaths as a result of use of lethal force by the police. This case study presents an in-depth analysis of the determinants that affected the officers’ use of lethal force with regard to the above mentioned cases. In 1999, Amadou Bailo Diallo was killed in a 41-bullet police shooting in New York. Similarly in 2006, Sean Bell was shot to death in a 50-bullet fusillade that involved officers from The New York City Police Department. After the Bell shooting, officers of The New York City Police Department were under investigation. The case study focuses on and examines the similarities and differences of both cases, official and public reactions in the aftermath of the shootings, investigation processes, as well as the indictments of the police officers involved in both cases. Finally, this study proposes some suggestions on the use of excessive force based on the findings of the two specific cases.

scholarly journals Reparations for Police Killings

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 958-972
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Page
Keyword(s):  
Police Officer ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Civil Litigation ◽  
Self Defense ◽  
Black Person ◽  
Litigation Process ◽  
The Family ◽  
Philosophical Account ◽  
The City ◽  
Defense Theory

After a fatal police shooting, it is typical for city and police officials to view the family of the deceased through the lens of the law. If the family files a lawsuit, the city and police department consider it their legal right to defend themselves and to treat the plaintiffs as adversaries. However, reparations and the concept of “reparative justice” allow authorities to frame police killings in moral rather than legal terms. When a police officer kills a person who was not liable to this outcome, officials should offer monetary reparations, an apology, and other redress measures to the victim’s family. To make this argument, the article presents a philosophical account of non-liability hailing from self-defense theory that centers on the distinction between reasonableness and liability. Reparations provide a nonadversarial alternative to civil litigation after a non-liable person has been killed by a police officer. In cases where the officer nevertheless acted reasonably, “institutional agent-regret” rather than moral responsibility grounds the argument for reparations. Throughout the article, it is argued that there are distinct racial wrongs both when police kill a non-liable black person and when family members of a black victim are treated poorly by officials in the civil litigation process.

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