scholarly journals Fire Drivers Affecting Forest Fire Occurrences in the Tropical Mixed Broad-leaved Forests of Nepal

2021 ◽  
pp. 84-99
Author(s):  
Krishna Bahadur Bhujel ◽  
Rejina Maskey Byanju ◽  
Ambika P. Gautam ◽  
Ramesh Prasad Sapkota ◽  
Udhab Raj Khadka
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Forest Fire Management ◽  
Lower Elevation ◽  
Sal Forest ◽  
Burnt Areas ◽  
The Hill ◽  
Anthropogenic Drivers

Forest fires triggered by various natural and anthropogenic drivers are increasing and threatening forest ecosystems across the globe. In Nepal, the high value Tropical Mixed Broad-leaved Forests are prone to fire caused by both natural and anthropogenic drivers. Thus, understanding fire drivers and their effect is important for the sustainable forest fire management. However, the preceding studies on forest specific fire drivers and their effect are limited. This research has identified the fire drivers and assessed their effect to fire occurrences in the Tropical Mixed Broad-leaved Forests of Nawalparasi District, Nepal. Fire drivers were identified and prioritized by participatory approaches. The fire incidences and burnt areas were obtained from the MODIS fire data (2001–2017). The results revealed altogether 20 drivers including eight natural and 12 anthropogenic. Based on the public perception and magnitude of forest fire, among the natural drivers, temperature, precipitation, forest fuel, aspect, elevation and slope were the major drivers. Likewise, among the anthropogenic drivers, forest distance from roads and settlements showed significant effect. The natural drivers, ambient temperature >30ºC and annual precipitation <2400 mm, revealed signi-ficant impacts on forest fire. Likewise, forests situated at lower elevation (<500 m), and southern and eastern aspects were highly vulnerable to fire. Considering anthropogenic drivers, forest lying within 500 m from the roads and settlements were highly vulnerable to fire. Among the forest types, the Hill Sal Forest was more affected. Future strategies should address the major fire drivers, construction of adequate fire lines and conservation ponds for the sustainable forest management.

Global warming and forest fires in Canada

1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J. Stocks
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Fire Management ◽  
Warming Trend ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Forest Fire Management ◽  
The Future ◽  
Innovative Thinking ◽  
The Impact

The looming possibility of global warming raises legitimate concerns for the future of the forest resource in Canada. While evidence of a global warming trend is not conclusive at this time, governments would be wise to anticipate, and begin planning for, such an eventuality. The forest fire business is likely to be affected both early and dramatically by any trend toward warmer and drier conditions in Canada, and fire managers should be aware that the future will likely require new and innovative thinking in forest fire management. This paper summarizes research activities currently underway to assess the impact of global warming on forest fires, and speculates on future fire management problems and strategies.

scholarly journals La gestione degli incendi boschivi in Canton Ticino: tentativo di una sintesi storica | Forest fire management in Canton Ticino: attempting a historical overview

2004 ◽  
Vol 155 (7) ◽  
pp. 263-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Conedera ◽  
Gabriele Corti ◽  
Paolo Piccini ◽  
Daniele Ryser ◽  
Francesco Guerini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Fire Management ◽  
Southern Alps ◽  
Fire Fighting ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Forest Fire Management ◽  
Structural Measures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Legislative Measures

The Southern Alps, in particular the Canton Ticino, is the region of Switzerland that is most affected by the phenomenon of forest fires. Therefore, the cantonal authorities are continually confronted with problems of prevention, fire fighting and mitigation of the effects of forest fires. In this article forest fire management in Canton Ticino is analyzed in historical terms, verifying in particular the impact of the methods used and the improvement of technology addressing the frequency of events and the extent of burned surfaces. In this way it has been possible to show how a few structural measures (better organization of fire fighting crews and equipment, introduction of aerial fire fighting techniques, electrification followed by construction of shelters along railway lines, etc.) have rather reduced the extent of burned surfaces, while legislative measures such as restrictions of open fires help to reduce the number of forest fires.

scholarly journals Identifying Forest Fire Driving Factors and Related Impacts in China Using Random Forest Algorithm

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 507
Author(s):  
Wenyuan Ma ◽  
Zhongke Feng ◽  
Zhuxin Cheng ◽  
Shilin Chen ◽  
Fengge Wang
Keyword(s):  
Random Forest ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Fire Management ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Driving Factors ◽  
Socioeconomic Variables ◽  
Forest Fire Management ◽  
Geographical Regions

Reasonable forest fire management measures can effectively reduce the losses caused by forest fires and forest fire driving factors and their impacts are important aspects that should be considered in forest fire management. We used the random forest model and MODIS Global Fire Atlas dataset (2010~2016) to analyse the impacts of climate, topographic, vegetation and socioeconomic variables on forest fire occurrence in six geographical regions in China. The results show clear regional differences in the forest fire driving factors and their impacts in China. Climate variables are the forest fire driving factors in all regions of China, vegetation variable is the forest fire driving factor in all other regions except the Northwest region and topographic variables and socioeconomic variables are only the driving factors of forest fires in a few regions (Northwest and Southwest regions). The model predictive capability is good: the AUC values are between 0.830 and 0.975, and the prediction accuracy is between 70.0% and 91.4%. High fire hazard areas are concentrated in the Northeast region, Southwest region and East China region. This research will aid in providing a national-scale understanding of forest fire driving factors and fire hazard distribution in China and help policymakers to design fire management strategies to reduce potential fire hazards.

scholarly journals Application of Multi-Criteria Decision Making Models in Forest Fire Management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roya Abedi
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Fire Management ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Public Trust ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Prevention Policy ◽  
Network Access ◽  
Forest Road ◽  
Forest Fire Management

Abstract The study on effective factors of forest fire prevention policy is helpful to reduce forest fire impacts on extensive environmental damage in the long-term period. In other words, forest fire management is the result of a complex interaction among criteria. The present study aims to create a scientific analysis of the most effective criteria based on TOPSIS and SAW methods in the Arasbaran forest. The five top optimal criteria selection by TOPSIS method introduced that “association and cooperation between the executive and responsible institutions” have the first rank (CCi+=0.85), “Lack of deterrence law in dealing with forest fire offenders in human–caused forest fires” has the second rank (CCi+= 0.84) and followed by “Lack of up-to-date scientific information on susceptible areas in the region”, “Increasing the cooperation of NGOs and increase public trust”; and “Lack of forest road network access to ignite regions” (CCi+= 0.789; 0.787; 0.77, respectively). The five top optimal criteria resulting from the SAW method showed that “Local people participations” provide the highest score (FS=0.39) and followed by “association and cooperation between the executive and responsible institutions (FS=0.39), “Increasing the cooperation of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and increase public trust” (FS=0.36), “Raising awareness of the position of natural resources among local peoples and attracting their cooperation” (FS=0.35) and “Optimal Use past experiences” (FS=0.34). It is suggested that evaluating the ecological and environmental factors affecting the forest fire occurrence and extension could become a set of complement factors to setting management criteria for demonstrating the best management strategies.

scholarly journals Das Konzept «Waldbrand 2020» des Kantons Tessin

2019 ◽  
Vol 170 (5) ◽  
pp. 242-250
Author(s):  
Aron Ghiringhelli ◽  
Gianni Boris Pezzatti ◽  
Marco Conedera
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Fire Regime ◽  
Forest Service ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Fire Control ◽  
Burnt Area ◽  
Forest Protection ◽  
Forest Fire Management

The “forest fire 2020” program of Canton Ticino The Canton of Ticino has a long-lasting experience in facing forest fires. As a result, a tradition in forest fire documentation and analysis exists and the forest fire management approach is continuously reviewed and improved with the aim to preserve the forest protection functions and to keep the mountain areas safe for the inhabitants. The fire regime has been reduced in Ticino since the seventies of last century thanks to improvement of the firefighting organization and fire control techniques (e.g. systematic use of helicopters for the aerial fire control) and the possibility of declaring a total fire ban in the open. However the demand in terms of protection of human lives and goods of the modern society is raising and as consequence of the climate change fire risk may increase in the future. For this reason two years ago the forest service of Canton Ticino developed the “forest fire 2020” program, in collaboration with the cantonal fire brigades association and the federal research Institute WSL. The program consists of four interdependent activity modules, which are 1) prevention, 2) organizational and technical measures, 3) firefighting and control, 4) burnt area restoration. The forest service is responsible for the fire-danger rating, the fire-ban release, the mentoring of local authorities in forest management questions and for planning pre-suppression facilities (e.g. water points for helicopters). It is also responsible for defining the mission rules for aerial firefighting, for collecting the data for the statistics, and for planning the post-fire forest restoration measures. The fire brigades are in charge of the firefighting tasks, by first intervening with the urban fire brigades and in case of need requiring the support of specialized forest-fire brigades. During the firefighting actions the forest service takes a consulting role. The first two years of implementation confirmed the suitability of the “forest fire 2020” program. Potential improvements have been however detected and are under implementation, such as the completion of the pre-suppression infrastructures, a better coordination between aerial and terrestrial firefighting and the strengthening of the specialized forest-fire brigades.

scholarly journals Understanding Forest Fire Management in Indonesia from a Global Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Indra Agus Riyanto ◽  
Ahmad Cahyadi ◽  
Faricha Kurniadhini ◽  
Hafidz Bachtiar ◽  
Dwiki Apriyana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Fire Management ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Forest Fire Management ◽  
Fire Disaster ◽  
Forest Fire Disaster

Forest fires are one of the global issues that attract worldwide attention. Russia, Brazil, Canada, the United States, and Indonesia are among the countries with the largest forest cover and long records of massive forest fires. Forest fire management is, therefore, critical to decreasing the severity level of these fires. Current conditions indicate that, compared with the four other countries, Indonesia has significantly reduced forest fires within the past five years. Consequently, adopting a global perspective to study the characteristics of forest fire disaster management has become necessary. For each management parameter, this research employed a literature review and descriptive analysis. The results showed that Indonesia had an advantage in the field of legal regulation. Indonesia tends to change its regulations within a short span of time, resulting in the number of forest fire incidents decreasing significantly compared with Russia, Brazil, Canada, and the United States. However, the country still has several weaknesses, namely in emergency responses, forest fire monitoring technology, and inter-institutional integration in forest fire disaster management.

scholarly journals Damage-Map Estimation Using UAV Images and Deep Learning Algorithms for Disaster Management System

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4169
Author(s):  
Dai Quoc Tran ◽  
Minsoo Park ◽  
Daekyo Jung ◽  
Seunghee Park
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Burnt Area ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Uav Images ◽  
Burnt Areas ◽  
Damage Map

Estimating the damaged area after a forest fire is important for responding to this natural catastrophe. With the support of aerial remote sensing, typically with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), the aerial imagery of forest-fire areas can be easily obtained; however, retrieving the burnt area from the image is still a challenge. We implemented a new approach for segmenting burnt areas from UAV images using deep learning algorithms. First, the data were collected from a forest fire in Andong, the Republic of Korea, in April 2020. Then, the proposed two-patch-level deep-learning models were implemented. A patch-level 1 network was trained using the UNet++ architecture. The output prediction of this network was used as a position input for the second network, which used UNet. It took the reference position from the first network as its input and refined the results. Finally, the final performance of our proposed method was compared with a state-of-the-art image-segmentation algorithm to prove its robustness. Comparative research on the loss functions was also performed. Our proposed approach demonstrated its effectiveness in extracting burnt areas from UAV images and can contribute to estimating maps showing the areas damaged by forest fires.

scholarly journals Engaging Palm Oil and Hot Spot Area to Mitigate Forest Fires

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 01003
Author(s):  
Ariesta Lestari ◽  
Katriani Puspita Ayu
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fire ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Risk Zone ◽  
Central Kalimantan ◽  
Forest Clearing ◽  
Spot Area ◽  
Forest Fire Management

Forest fire is one of environmental problem happens in Central Kalimantan. The fire does not only damage the forest ecosystem and biodiversity but also threaten the health and socio-economic of local people. Forest fire in Central Kalimantan is widely known as human-made, such as the process of shifting cultivation and land clearing. The expansion of forest into palm oil plantation is often blamed as the cause of forest fire since the forest clearing involves a massive amount of fires. Therefore, this study aims to explore whether the existence of palm oil cultivation contributes to the occurrence of forest fires. We used satellite imagery of hotspot, and overlay it with the land use data to generate the fire risk zone map using geographic information system (GIS) method. Through the map, the risk of fire can be monitored in advance to help the fire authority provide the act of mitigation. The result of this study suggested that risk mapping is vital for forest fire management to mitigate the spread of forest fire. The region to be fire-prone within the palm oil cultivation is suggested to form a preventive act through active forest-fires monitoring. In sum, this study is expected to provide a map of forest fires' risk around the cultivation area, mainly palm oil plantation, and help the fire authorities as well as stakeholders to identify the risk zone for fires prevention in the future.

scholarly journals Estimation of Forest Fire Emissions in Southwest China from 2013 to 2017

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjia Wang ◽  
Qixing Zhang ◽  
Jie Luo ◽  
Ranran Zhao ◽  
Yongming Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Fire Emissions ◽  
Forest Fire Management ◽  
Emissions Inventories ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ◽  
Regional Forest

Forest fire emissions have a great impact on local air quality and the global climate. However, the current and detailed regional forest fire emissions inventories remain poorly studied. Here we used Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data to estimate monthly emissions from forest fires at a spatial resolution of 500 m × 500 m in southwest China from 2013 to 2017. The spatial and seasonal variations of forest fire emissions were then analyzed at the provincial level. The results showed that the annual average emissions of CO2, CO, CH4, SO2, NH3, NOX, PM, black carbon, organic carbon, and non-methane volatile organic compounds from forest fires were 1423.19 × 103, 91.66 × 103, 4517.08, 881.07, 1545.04, 1268.28, 9838.91, 685.55, 7949.48, and 12,724.04 Mg, respectively. The forest fire emissions characteristics were consistent with the characteristics of forest fires, which show great spatial and temporal diversity. Higher pollutant emissions were concentrated in Yunnan and Tibet, with peak emissions occurring in spring and winter. Our work provides a better understanding of the spatiotemporal representation of regional forest fire emissions and basic data for forest fire management departments and related research on pollution and emissions controls. This method will also provide guidance for other areas to develop high-resolution regional forest fire emissions inventories.

scholarly journals PENGENDALIAN KEBAKARAN HUTAN DI KPH MADIUN PERUM PERHUTANI UNIT II JAWA TIMUR Forest Fire Management in KPH Madiun Perum Perhutani Unit II East Java

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-190
Author(s):  
Bambang Hero Saharjo ◽  
Elga Tiara Putra
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Fire Management ◽  
Qualitative Description ◽  
Local People ◽  
Trigger Factors ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Fire Monitoring ◽  
Forest Fire Management ◽  
In Fire

Forest fires bring substantial losses in many aspects, especially for forest resources. Therefore, forest fire management should take into account at each of Indonesian forest area. KPH Madiun has suffered from a large forest fire in the recent 5 years, thus research to analyze the trigger factors and an effort to manage forest fire should be gone. This research used data triangular methods for data collecting and qualitative description analyse to analyze the data. Results of this research clearly shows that forest fire in KPH Madiun was mainly came from local people activities such as, burning the forest to clear the land (43%) and due to social conflict (15%). The forest fire prepetion emphasized on social approach in community based forest management (CBFM) by planting medicinal plant and establishing the forest Danger Index (FDI) board. The local people participated in fire extinction (49%), while the other not participate yet. There was no fire truck and fire monitoring tower found in the study area. Finding and arresting the suspect behind forest fire is the most difficult thing to do in post-fire management.Key words: forest fire, local people, fire management

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