scholarly journals STRATEGIC OVERVIEW OF FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL INNOVATIVE ENTERPRISES IN UKRAINE

2019 ◽  
pp. 53-64
Author(s):  
Danylo VANKOVYCH ◽  
Myroslav KULCHYTSKYJ
Keyword(s):  
Small Businesses ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Essential Property ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Tool Manufacture

Introduction. Small innovative businesses play an important role in the economy of developed countries and are an essential element of the innovation process. Small enterprises are the most flexible, dynamic and widespread form of enterprises. Ukraine’s aspiration to European integration necessitates the introduction of an innovative model of development, one of the components of which is the development of a domestic innovation enterprise, which prompts to seek new approaches to the implementation of scientific, technical and innovative potential of the country’s economy. The purpose of the article is to find out the features and problems of financial support for the development of small innovative enterprises in Ukraine and to substantiate directions for its improvement. Results. According to the data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, innovation activity in Ukraine in 2018 was carried out only by every eleventh enterprise. The share of enterprises that introduced innovations in 2017 amounted to 16.2%, and those engaged in innovations 14.3%, respectively. At the same time, the share of innovative products in the total industrial volume was, according to the results of 2017, only 0.7%. In Ukraine, as of January 1, 2018, in the total number of enterprises (338256 units), the share of small business entities amounted to 95.5%. This testifies to the dependence of the level of development of the Ukrainian economy on their innovative activity. Among the range of obstacles to the successful functioning of innovative entrepreneurship, the problem of low efficiency of functioning of the financial mechanism of ensuring their development is the most urgent. Particular attention should be paid to the use of national competitive advantages, avant-garde industries, high-tech industries, such as space technology, aviation industry, biotechnology, tool manufacture, defense and industrial complex. Innovation demand in Ukraine should become not only an economic category but also an essential property of a person’s character. Conclusions. The development of innovative entrepreneurship is not carried out quickly and purposefully. Its potential, as the main tool for commercializing scientific ideas, is practically not implemented in Ukraine. Before small innovative enterprises, there are many barriers and obstacles that prevent them from working effectively. Thus, in order to provide effective financial support for the development of small innovative entrepreneurship, it is necessary, first of all, to improve the financial and tax policy of supporting small businesses, as well as to increase the efficiency of the use of established institutions of market infrastructure for supporting small businesses. The details of the mechanisms for implementing these measures should be the subject of further research, the results of which will be highlighted in the following publications.

scholarly journals Предпосылки становления гражданской авиации на Юге России

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu.A. Lazurevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
World War I ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
The South ◽  
Aircraft Manufacturing

В статье анализируется историография становления отечественной авиации в аспекте формирования предпосылок развития гражданской авиации на Юге России. Эти предпосылки были сформированы непосредственно перед Гражданской войной, помешавшей развитию не только авиации, но и всего индустриального комплекса региона. К ним, по мнению автора, можно отнести по меньшей мере три региональных фактора: 1) на Юге дореволюционной России (в Харькове, Одессе, Новочеркасске) имелись спортивные и испытательные аэродромы и существовала широкая сеть авиашкол 2) на базе производственного комплекса А. А. Анатра (включавшего в себя угольные и рудные шахты, сталелитейные и машиностроительные предприятия, образовательные учреждения и инженерные мастерские, крупнейший в мире аэродром и пр.) была заложена передовая на начало XX в. структура высокотехнологичного производства, располагавшая мощным потенциалом в области военного и гражданского авиастроения 3) во время Гражданской войны на Юге России располагались авиабазы Красной и Белой армий и была сконцентрирована значительная часть авиапарка Российской империи.The article is devoted to the analysis of the features of integration of the South of Russia into the air transport system of the Country of Soviets. The study focuses on domestic aviation as a special area of public relations, namely, on the historical background of the formation of civil aviation in southern Russia in the period before 15 June 1925, when the first Rostov-on-Don Kharkov Moscow air line opened, which connected the region with the air traffic with the south of Ukraine and with the capital of the state. The aim of the study is to identify and characterise the main historical prerequisites for the formation of civil aviation in the south of Russia. The comparative historical method allowed to generally reconstruct the factors that influenced the formation of civil aviation in the South of Russia, the formation of its system-wide and unique features, which, as the study showed, were formed immediately before the Civil War (the latter prevented the development of not only aviation but also the entire industrial complex of the region). On the one hand, the inclusion of the region in the aviation development was dictated by the system-wide trends of this process. On the other hand, features of the history of the region at the beginning of the 20th century determined the specificity of regional development factors. World War I seriously stimulated the growth of mechanical engineering and heavy industry in Russia. The aviation industry, which was taking its first steps, was no exception. The main historical prerequisites for the development of civil aviation in the south of Russia include at least three regional factors: (1) the south of pre-revolutionary Russia (Kharkov, Odessa, Novocherkassk) had sports and test airfields and a wide network of aviation schools (2) on the basis of the production complex of A.A. Anatra (which included coal and ore mines, steel and machine-building enterprises, educational institutions and engineering workshops, the worlds largest airfield, etc.), a forefront structure of high-tech production was laid at the beginning of the 20th century, with a powerful potential in the field of military and civil aircraft manufacturing (3) during the Civil War, in the south of Russia, air bases of the Red and White armies were located, and a significant part of the fleet of the Russian Empire was concentrated. The revolutionary events of 1917 and the ensuing Civil War were generally accompanied by the collapse of the countrys industrial production and economy.

scholarly journals Improving the process of “input control” at the enterprises of military-industrial complex as a way to reduce the cost of reclamation work

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-71
Author(s):  
A. P. Aleshkin ◽  
T. L. Tkachenko ◽  
I. R. Karpova
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Reliability Management ◽  
Military Industrial Complex ◽  
Input Control ◽  
Quality And Reliability

Problem statement. The predominance of effective innovation industries, where scientific developments are the main driving force of the economy is a distinguisher of the manufacturing process in a postindustrial society. Estimate for management efficiency of a high-tech enterprise in the conditions of active innovation activity becomes relevant.The purpose. The article consider military-industrial complex enterprises of the Russian Federation, which work in constantly changing conditions of resource, legislative or other restrictions. The manufacturing of small-scale products with a given quality and reliability with limited financial resources is one of the features of such enterprises. The article examine the methodology for analyzing the enterprise performance indicators that produces special-purpose products and works in accordance with the requirements [1] of manufacturing and usage of serial products.Results. The article considered the estimate options for complex performance indicator of the product quality and reliability management system, evaluating the effectiveness of the input control, [serial products] usage and manufacturing processes.Practical relevance. The proposed method allows identifying the maximum number of product defects, with a glance of the practical development of the technology for their creation and the manufacturing process organizational and technical features.

scholarly journals State regulation of innovative activities by the way of financial support of innovative priorities

2019 ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
T.K. Kvasha ◽  
O.F. Paladchenko ◽  
I.V. Molchanova
Keyword(s):  
Financial Support ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Quality Health Care ◽  
Budget Support

The article is devoted to the results of the research of the state financial support of strategic priority directions of innovative activity in Ukraine with the purpose of their possible use in substantiation and formation of strategic priorities for 2022–2031. The authors present the results of the conducted scientific work, which show that in 2018 the budget financing of strategic priorities amounted to UAH 291452,83 thousand, which is 12.5 % more than in 2017. It is stated that in the total budget financing of innovation activity, this volume occupies 94.9 %, This is higher than in 2017 and indicates an increase in the efficiency of budget funds used for innovation, as they are directed directly to strategic priorities. Priority 4 “Technological renewal and development of agro-industrial complex” received the largest share (52.6 %) and smallest (1,8 %). – priority 5 “Implementation of new technologies and equipment for quality health care, treatment, pharmaceuticals”. Compared to 2017, budget support for all strategic priorities increased, of which the highest growth was given to priority 7 (ICT) and substantial – priority 2 (transport), which led to a significant increase in the need for innovative ICTs and transport technologies. and some slowdown in the need for innovation in other strategic areas. It is investigated that the overwhelming share of budgetary funds (92.6 %) in 2018, as in previous years, is directed to the implementation of R&D. Expenditures were made from general (0.5 %) and special (99.5 %) funds by three spending units: the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Environment and the NAAS, with the Ministry of Education, as in previous years, providing financial support to all strategic priorities. The share of budget support relative to nominal GDP is estimated to be 0.0082 % in 2018 (0.0087 % in 2017, 0.0082 % in 2016). It is concluded that in 2018 the real state financial support for strategic priorities of innovation activity was realized at the level of 2016, despite the absolute growth of its volumes. It is revealed that the main problem of state regulation of innovation activity through budgetary support of strategic innovation priorities is their insignificant financing from the General Fund of the state budget. To overcome this problem, it is proposed to take into account innovative priorities in the formulation of state orders and government programs, as provided by law.

scholarly journals УПРАВЛІННЯ РОЗВИТКОМ АЕРОПОРТІВ: ІНСТИТУЦІЙНІ АСПЕКТИ

2020 ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
Юрій Леонідович Грінченко
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
National Level ◽  
Financial Economic ◽  
Industrial Safety ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Activity Increase ◽  
Economic Parameters

Formulation of the problem. Institutional aspects of aviation industry development and its subjects should be re-thought under conditions of globalization. The aim of the research is to formulate a concept of institutional regulation of hi-tech industries within formation of their macroeconomic potential. Research methods. The research applies methods of system analysis, comparison, induction and financial-economic analysis. The hypothesis of the research is an assumption that the generalized concept of institutional regulation of hi-tech industries will allow to focus the attention on the support for the goals of sustainable development of the economy on the macro level. Statement of the main material. The financial and economic parameters of the sustainable development of the SE “Lviv Danylo Halytskiy International Airport” were analyzed for 2014-2018 time period. To accomplish the goals of sustainable development included into strategies of airport development we propose to apply the parameters of impact. Impact on investments: ratings, volume of investments, cut of grants, cut of budget financing, employment, demand for services, partnership with other regions. Impact on citizens: innovation activity, increase in quality of goods and services, cooperation with investors, cooperation with community, tourism. Impact on competitiveness potential: comfort and standardization, cooperation with stakeholders, industrial safety, ecological safety, energy efficiency, non-discrimination, impact on brand, social security digitalization. Additional external impact: development of institutions. Originality and practical significance of the research. The research results will be useful for developing institutional grounds of high-tech industries development policies and defining priorities of production and business activities. Moreover, the developed goals and parameters may be used by government officers and managers for decisions on micro and national level, as the proposed concept supports the development process synchronization. Conclusions. The article presents the concept for institutional regulation of strategic development with a case of aviation industry. The concept contains institutions of three types: productive-technologic, social-economic and ideologic. The formulation and application of parameters for assessing development of technology strategies, including digital ones, financial-economic parameters for sustainable development and impact measurement parameters for ideologic institutions.

New Engineer Competencies for the Space Industry

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Пальянов ◽  
A. Palyanov ◽  
Римская ◽  
O. Rimskaya
Keyword(s):  
Innovation Activity ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Military Technology ◽  
Weapon Systems ◽  
Young Professionals ◽  
Innovative Environment ◽  
Technological Base

A task of providing the advanced scientific and technological base for batch production of perspective weapon systems and military technology of a good quality requires qualified human resources with new competencies. The role of universities is not only training, but also in promoting the development of innovative enterprises in general and active participation in the implementation of innovative projects, formation of young professionals the necessary competencies. It is necessary to consider the synergy of education, business and science for the effective functioning of the high-tech industries of the defense industrial complex, focused on constant innovation activity. Close interaction of universities and enterprises on personnel training issues should be considered as one of the main resources for improving the quality of education, providing practice-oriented training of specialists in the defense industry as well as creation an innovative environment at universities and enterprises of the defense industrial complex.

Implementation Flight-Modeling Complex and the Choice of Flying Laboratory in Order to Reduce the Costs of Testing Aviation Equipment

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 32-40
Author(s):  
Владимир Дадонов ◽  
Vladimir Dadonov ◽  
Ольга Юсуфова ◽  
Ol'ga Yusufova ◽  
Екатерина Петрова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flight Test ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Model Complexes ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Military

In the face of growing competition in high-tech products, the feasibility of introducing product and technological innovations into Russian enterprises is revealed. The article conducted a study of the Russian and foreign markets. The analysis of the state program of development of the military-industrial complex and the aviation industry. The main stages of development and production of further aviation aircraft are given. The scheme of testing new equipment and aircraft weapons was considered. The article determines the feasibility of using flight-model complexes for conducting summer tests of aircraft units and assemblies, its composition and main tasks. Based on the analysis of current flight test methods, the determining factors for the choice of a flying laboratory were identified in order to reduce the cost of conducting tests of aircraft equipment.

scholarly journals Formation of Scientific and Industrial Complexes in the Digital Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-135
Author(s):  
Aleksey G. Boev
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Scientific Organizations ◽  
Industrial Complexes

The rapid development of the digital economy determines the need to increase the scientific potential and innovation activity of domestic enterprises. The purpose of the article is to study topical issues of scientific and innovative and institutional development of production in Russia, as well as to substantiate the feasibility of forming scientific and industrial complexes in the industrial sector of the country. The object of research is research and production associations, large industrial enterprises and complexes, elements of innovative infrastructure operating in the digital environment. The scientific novelty of the work consists in determining the content of the scientific and industrial complex as a set of integrated enterprises, scientific organizations, design institutes and service assets that function as a single structure and form a common production and engineering cycle in order to produce competitive high-tech products. The list of advantages of the scientific and practical complex in relation to independent (autonomous) enterprises and other forms of market cooperation of economic entities is defined and justified. The applied significance of the work is to identify and analyze systemic problems that hinder the implementation of the economic, scientific and innovative potential of Russian industry. These include the crisis of the state infrastructure approach to innovative industrial development; the weakening of economic ties between industrial complexes and scientific organizations; reduced investment in enterprise modernization; and the dynamic change in business conditions under the influence of the digital economy. As the results of the research, the article presents a model subject-functional structure and an algorithm for the formation of the scientific and industrial complex, which ensure the integration of the potential of industrial, scientific and infrastructure organizations. The research materials can be used by the management of industrial enterprises and research organizations as a theoretical and methodological, information and analytical base for preparing and implementing reforms in the real sector of the domestic economy.

The aspects of the innovation of the military-industrial complex and its significance for the national security of Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Irina Orlova ◽  
Artem Sukharev ◽  
Maria Sukhareva ◽  
Mikhail Deikun
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Defense Industry ◽  
World Market ◽  
Modern World ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Military Industrial Complex ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Military

The main objective of the article is to substantiate a systematic approach to the introduction of all types of innovations in the development of the military-industrial complex of the Russian Federation. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that in the modern world it is especially important to ensure the national security of the country and the defense industry plays a crucial role in this. At the same time, one cannot but note the importance of the defense industry in the production of high-tech civilian products and dual-use products, which enhances the country's competitiveness in the world market. In addition, the relevance of the topic is due to the presence of rather serious problems in the Russian defense industry, which require immediate resolution. The article uses the methodology of structurally functional analysis, the institutional approach and the method of comparative assessments. The authors conclude that technological innovation alone will not be able to achieve strategic results for ensuring national security, only in conjunction with organizational, product, social and marketing innovations, the domestic defense industry is able to solve its tasks.

High-tech business in crisis conditions: development trends of large, medium and small enterprises

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 48-58
Author(s):  
Vladislav V. Spitsyn ◽  
Alexander A. Mikhal'chuk ◽  
Anastasia A. Bulykina ◽  
Svetlana N. Popova ◽  
Irina E. Nikulina
Keyword(s):  
Small Businesses ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Service Industries ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Crisis Period ◽  
Knowledge Intensive ◽  
Crisis Conditions ◽  
Medium And Small Enterprises

Leading world countries view innovative development and high-tech business as an opportunity to overcome economic stagnation and decline in economic growth. One of the modern trends in the analysis of high-tech development is the study of high-tech knowledge-intensive service industries and their development in times of crisis. The purpose of the paper is to identify patterns of development of large, medium and small enterprises in high-tech service industries in Russia during periods of crisis. Economic and economic-mathematical methods of analysis are applied to the formed samples of enterprises. The research period is 2013-2017. The financial indicators of enterprises were adjusted for the level of accumulated inflation in relation to 2013. According to results, large and medium-sized enterprises showed insignificant or weak significant positive dynamics of revenue during all years of the crisis period. The crisis period did not lead to a decrease in the revenue of these groups of enterprises. The acute phase of the crisis (2014-2015) had a pronounced negative impact on the group of small enterprises in all studied industries, but they successfully recovered in 2016-2017 and reached the pre-crisis level of revenue. The total revenue by industries and groups of enterprises in 2017 became higher than in 2013, and its growth rates were significant for many groups of enterprises, which indicates a successful overcoming of the crisis period and signs of growth in high-tech service industries. Our study shows the need for state support for small businesses in high-tech service industries in crisis conditions, and identifies the possibilities of adaptation of enterprises in these industries to an unfavorable external environment. Our results may be useful for the purposes of government stimulation of economic development in the current environment.

Artificial Intelligence as a Technological Innovation to Accelerate Economic Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-133
Author(s):  
S. V. Shchurina ◽  
A. S. Danilov
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Technological Gap ◽  
The Government

The subject of the research is the introduction of artificial intelligence as a technological innovation into the Russian economic development. The relevance of the problem is due to the fact that the Russian market of artificial intelligence is still in the infancy and the necessity to bridge the current technological gap between Russia and the leading economies of the world is coming to the forefront. The financial sector, the manufacturing industry and the retail trade are the drivers of the artificial intelligence development. However, company managers in Russia are not prepared for the practical application of expensive artificial intelligence technologies. Under these circumstances, the challenge is to develop measures to support high-tech projects of small and medium-sized businesses, given that the technological innovation considered can accelerate the development of the Russian economy in the energy sector fully or partially controlled by the government as well as in the military-industrial complex and the judicial system.The purposes of the research were to examine the current state of technological innovations in the field of artificial intelligence in the leading countries and Russia and develop proposals for improving the AI application in the Russian practices.The paper concludes that the artificial intelligence is a breakthrough technology with a great application potential. Active promotion of the artificial intelligence in companies significantly increases their efficiency, competitiveness, develops industry markets, stimulates introduction of new technologies, improves product quality and scales up manufacturing. In general, the artificial intelligence gives a new impetus to the development of Russia and facilitates its entry into the five largest world’s economies.

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