scholarly journals Profil penderita kanker prostat di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado periode tahun 2013–2015

e-CliniC ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valdo R. Solang ◽  
Alwin Monoarfa ◽  
Ferdinand Tjandra
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Gleason Score ◽  
Malignant Disease ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Urogenital System ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Keywords Prostate Cancer ◽  
Keywords Prostate

Abstract: Prostate cancer is a malignant disease of urogenital system which is the second most common type of cancer in men after lung cancer. Prostate cancer is also one of the most common cause of death in male population. There is no database regarding profiles of prostate cancer in Manado. This study was aimed to determine the profile of prostate cancer patients treated at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado in the period 2013 to 2015. This was a descriptive retrospective study in October to November 2016. Samples were taken based on secondary data of the medical record. The results showed that there were 54 patients with prostate cancer, most were found in 2015 (38.9%), age group 61-70 years old (37.0%), lived in Manado (33.3%), graduated Senior High School (64.8%), retirees (50.0%), difficult urination (44.4%), PSA levels >100 ng/ml (50.0%), histopathological of adenocarcinoma (100.0%), and Gleason score ranging from 8-10 (46.7%). Based on metastasis, 14 patients had metastasis (25.9%).Keywords: prostate cancer, profile, PSA, histopatology, Gleason score Abstrak: Kanker prostat ialah penyakit keganasan sistem urogenital yang merupakan kanker kedua terbanyak pada pria setelah kanker paru. Kanker prostat juga merupakan salah satu penyebab terbanyak kematian pada populasi pria. Belum ditemukan data tentang profil kanker prostat di Manado. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil penderita kanker prostat yang dirawat di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou pada periode 2013–2015. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif retrospektif yang dilakukan pada bulan Oktober sampai November 2016. Sampel diambil berdasarkan data sekunder dari catatan rekam medik. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 54 penderita kanker prostat, paling banyak ditemukan pada tahun 2015 (38,9%), kelompok usia 61-70 tahun (37,0%), berdiam di Kota Manado (33,3%), tamat SMA (64,8%), pensiunan (50,0%), keluhan utama sulit buang air kecil (44,4%), kadar PSA >100 ng/ml (50,0%), jenis adenokarsinoma (100,0%), dan skor Gleason 8-10 (46,7%). Berdasarkan metastasis, sebanyak 14 penderita (25,9%) mengalami metastasis. Kata kunci: kanker prostat, profil, psa, histopatologi, skor gleason

scholarly journals INCIDÊNCIA E MORTALIDADE POR CÂNCER DE PRÓSTATA NO TOCANTINS E PALMAS, NO PERÍODO DE 2010 A 2014.

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Amanda Mesquita Grangeiro ◽  
Kênia Marques Novato ◽  
João Lucas Rosa ◽  
Daniel Loures Deotti Nunes ◽  
Giovanni Montinni Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The State ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Keywords Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cáncer De Próstata ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Keywords Prostate ◽  
Icd 10

OBJETIVO: Realizar um levantamento acerca da incidência e mortalidade por câncer de próstata no Estado do Tocantins e na cidade de Palmas, no período entre 2010 e 2014. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Realizado estudo retrospectivo utilizando como fonte de dados às estimativas para o biênio 2016-2017 do INCA e o Atlas Online de Mortalidade. Foram considerados, para critério de inclusão, os pacientes que tiveram como causa do óbito o câncer de próstata em todas as idades, sendo analisada a abrangência no Brasil e no Estado do Tocantins. Para o tabulamento dos dados, foi considerada a distribuição por faixa etária, selecionando-se o ano, a região, e a classificação do tumor primário de acordo com o Código Internacional de Doenças, CID-10 C61, que corresponde à neoplasia maligna de próstata. RESULTADOS: Em valores absolutos, durante o período de 2010 a 2014, o total de mortes em decorrência do câncer de próstata, foi de 513. Em análise por faixa etária, não foram registrados óbitos em idade de 0 a 29 anos, observando-se mortalidade apenas a partir dos 30 anos de idade. Segundo a Atlas Online de Mortalidade do INCA, o câncer de próstata foi a neoplasia com maior mortalidade nos anos de 2010 a 2014 no Estado do Tocantins, sendo a maior taxa de 18,08 por 100 mil homens, no ano de 2014. CONCLUSÃO: O câncer de próstata é a neoplasia que mais mata os homens no Brasil, especialmente os indivíduos de idade mais avançada, essa realidade também se faz presente no estado do Tocantins. A idade avançada e o histórico familiar, apresentam –se como as principais causas, mostrando a necessidade de uma política de saúde voltada para esses grupos específicos que esteja focada nas estratégias de prevenção e o diagnóstico precoce. Palavras-chave: câncer de próstata, mortalidade, neoplasia. ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To carry out a survey about the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer in the state of Tocantins and in the city of Palmas, between 2010 and 2014. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out, based on the estimates for the biennium 2016-2017 and the Online Atlas of Mortality. Patients of all ages who had prostate cancer as the cause of death were considered. In addition, the survey for the mortality of this pathology covers the incidence in Brazil and in the state of Tocantins. The distribution by age group was considered, and for the data tabulation, the year and region were also considered, the primary tumor being in accordance to the International Code of Diseases, ICD-10 C61, which corresponds to malignant neoplasm of the prostate. RESULTS: In absolute values, during the period from 2010 to 2014, the total number of deaths due to prostate cancer was 513. In analysis by age group, no deaths were recorded from 0 to 29 years old, observing mortality only after 30 years of age. According to the INCA’s Online Atlas of Mortality, prostate cancer was the neoplasm with the highest mortality in the years of 2010 until 2014 in the state of Tocantins, with the highest rate of 18.08 per 100 thousand men in 2014. CONCLUSION: Prostate cancer is the neoplasm that most kills men in Brazil, especially the elderly. This reality is also present in the state of Tocantins. Old age and family history are presented as the main causes, which shows the need for a health policy focused on these specific groups, more specifically, on prevention strategies and early diagnosis. Keywords: prostate cancer, mortality, neoplasm.

scholarly journals Extraprostatic extension of gleason 6 prostate cancer: single center experience

2021 ◽  
pp. 165-170
Author(s):  
Onur Ceylan ◽  
Rabia Demirtaş
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Gleason Score ◽  
Bladder Neck ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Keywords Prostate Cancer ◽  
Single Center Experience ◽  
Keywords Prostate ◽  
Extraprostatic Extension

Objective: For Gleason Score (GS) 3+3:6 prostate cancer (PC) cases, recent guidelines recommend clinical follow-up instead of radical treatment due to complications. One of the most important disadvantages of clinical follow-up is that low-grade PC may include local aggressive behavior. Hence, our aim here was to investigate the incidence of extraprostatic extension (EPE), a local aggressive behavior, in GS6 PC cases. Material and Methods: We examined 119 materials diagnosed with prostatic adenocarcinoma (GS 3+3:6) with no tertiary pattern and that were sent to our department as radical prostatectomy materials between January 2010 – May 2019. We investigated how many of the materials had EPE. Results: We observed EPE in 16 (13.45%) of our cases. 5 of the cases had vesicula seminalis invasion (pT3b) and 11 had EPE and/or bladder neck invasion (pT3a) without vesicula seminalis invasion. Conclusion: Among our patients diagnosed with GS-6 PC, we observed EPE (pT3) in 13.45% and vesicula seminalis invasion (pT3b) in 4.2%, which suggests that the possibility of EPE is not uncommon in GS-6 PC. Based on these findings, we argue that patients with GS-6 PC under clinical follow-up should be followed more carefully for EPE. Keywords: prostate cancer; gleason score; extraprostatic extension

scholarly journals Five-Year Profiles of Prostate Cancer Patients in A Tertiary Hospital in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferry Safriadi ◽  
Aidil Rahman Novesar
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Gleason Score ◽  
Prostate Carcinoma ◽  
Prostate Volume ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Urogenital System ◽  
Male Population ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hard Consistency

Prostate cancer is a malignant disease of the urogenital system, which is the second most common cancer in men and one of the leading causes of death in male population. In Bandung City, Indonesia, no data are available regarding the profile of prostate cancer patients. This study aimed to determine the profile of prostate cancer patients treated at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, Indonesia, which is the tertiary hospital in the most populated province in Indonesia, during the period of 2015-2019. This was a a retrospective descriptive study on secondary data from medical records. Results showed that most prostate carcinoma patients were was 67.95 ± 8.946 years old with most of them (n=92, 81.4%) had a history of hypertension and 62 patients (54.9%) did not have any history of smoking. Most patients had 20-40 cc prostate volume with hard consistency and without nodules; a PSA level of > 20 ng/ml; and a gleason score of 8-10 or poorly differentitated. Age affected increased incidence of prostate carcinoma with the highes prostate volume (20-40cc). The average PSA was 504.66 ± 10.26 and the median gleason score was 8 (6-10). The highest prostate volume is 20-40cc with hard consistency without nodule and the highest PSA value is > 20 ng/ml with a Gleason score of 8-10, showing a poorly differentiated condition.

Echo-Guided Biopsy and Mapping in the Diagnosis and Local Staging of Prostate Cancer

1997 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-295
Author(s):  
G. Ferrari ◽  
G. Castagnetti ◽  
A. Dotti ◽  
A.M. Cesinaro ◽  
C. De Gaetani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Gleason Score ◽  
Clinical Evaluation ◽  
Malignant Disease ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Clinical Staging ◽  
Prostate Biopsies ◽  
Guided Biopsy ◽  
Local Staging ◽  
Prostate Capsule

The incidence of prostate cancer is rising and great attention has to be paid when staging this malignant disease in order to avoid unnecessary surgery. Techniques for diagnosis by biopsy are by now standardised, but clinical staging has a high percentage of understaging (over 43%). Multiple sextant prostate biopsies involving the seminal vesicles and prostate capsule seem to be basic for current staging. These data associated with PSA, volume of the cancer and the Gleason score are the most objective and reliable parameters for correct clinical evaluation of prostate cancer.

scholarly journals Modern Approach in Radiological Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer (Systematic Review of International Clinical Guidelines and Clinical Studies Over 2014–2020)

2021 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 373-384
Author(s):  
A. V. Vasilyev ◽  
A. V. Mishchenko ◽  
A. S.  Petrova ◽  
A. K. Nosov ◽  
E. A. Busko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Keywords Prostate Cancer ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Psma Pet ◽  
Practice Recommendation ◽  
Keywords Prostate ◽  
Clinically Significant

An increase in the level of prostate-specific antigen requires additional examination of the patient in order not to subject him to unnecessary treatment in case of clinically insignificant prostate cancer and, conversely, to carry out the necessary volume of measures in case of clinically significant prostate cancer. The paper presents the modern solutions for effective usage of diagnostic methods in visualization of clinically significant prostate cancer. To assess the advantages and disadvantages of various methods for diagnosing prostate cancer a search of publications for 2014–2020 period was conducted based on the Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed databases. The request included keywords: prostate cancer, multiparametric MRI, multiparametric ultrasound, PSMA PET/CT. We selected 27 articles. The review includes guidelines from the European Association of Urology, the American Urological Society, the American College of Radiology, and one practice recommendation.

scholarly journals Down-regulation of F-actin and paxillin by N-(3-(1Htetrazol- 1-yl)phenyl) isonicotinamide derivative inhibits proliferation of prostate cancer cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 1389-1395
Author(s):  
Liang Wei ◽  
Ying Mu ◽  
Lina Ji ◽  
Xin Guo ◽  
Tongyi Li
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Annexin V ◽  
Fluorescein Isothiocyanate ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Prostate Cancer Cells ◽  
Caspase 9 ◽  
Keywords Prostate Cancer ◽  
Keywords Prostate ◽  
Pc3 Cells

Purpose: To investigate the effect of N-(3-(1H-tetrazol-1-yl)phenyl) isonicotinamide derivative (TPIN) on prostate cancer cells, and the mechanism involved.Methods: The cytotoxicity of TPIN in DU145 and PC3 cells was determined using Cell Counting Kit-8, while apoptosis induction was assayed by flow cytometry using Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate dye. Changes in expressions of F-actin, RAC-α and paxillin were determined by western blot assay.Results: Cell proliferation was effectively inhibited by TPIN in the concentration range of 0.75-15 μM. The values of half-minimum inhibitory concentration (IC50) of TPIN for DU145 and PC3 cells at 48 h were 5.6 and 10.2 μM, respectively (p < 0.05). Treatment with 5.6 μM TPIN increased apoptosis to 59.64 % in DU145 cells, and 54.21% in PC3 cells. Cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-9 levels were increased by TPIN treatment in both cell lines (p < 0.05). Moreover, the levels of F-actin and paxillin were significantly downregulated by TPIN treatment in DU145 and PC3 cells (p < 0.05). In TPIN-treated DU145 and PC3 cells, cofilin-1expression was up-regulated, relative to control cells.Conclusion: TPIN exhibits cytotoxic effect on prostate cancer cells via activation of apoptosis. It elevates cofilin-1 and the expressions of targets F-actin and paxillin in prostate cancer cells. Thus, TPIN is a potential chemotherapeutic agent for prostate cancer. However, further investigations, including clinical trials are required to authenticate these findings. Keywords: Prostate cancer, F-actin, Paxillin, Apoptosis, Caspases

scholarly journals The Clinicopathological Characteristics of Androgen Receptor Splicing Variant 7 (AR-V7) Expression in Patients with Castration Resistance Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhize Wang ◽  
Qinchen Li ◽  
Haixiang Shen ◽  
Chaojun Wang ◽  
Liping Xie
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Gleason Score ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
Clinicopathological Characteristics ◽  
Castration Resistance ◽  
Ecog Performance Status ◽  
Keywords Prostate Cancer ◽  
Splicing Variant

Abstract BACKGROUND Accumulating studies indicate AR-V7 may be related to the poor prognosis of castration resistance prostate cancer (CRPC), while the evidence of the clinicopathological characteristics of AR-V7 is rare. METHODS To evaluate the clinicopathological features of AR-V7 in CRPC patients. A search of PubMed, Embase, and the Web of Science was performed using the keywords prostate cancer, prostate tumor, prostate neoplasm, prostate carcinoma; AR-V7, AR3, androgen receptor splicing variant-7, or androgen receptor-3. Twenty-four trials published due February 2020 were enrolled. RESULTS The proportion of Gleason score ≥ 8 was significantly higher in AR-V7-positive CRPC (69.5%) than negative (54.9%) (OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.25–2.25, P<0.001), while the rate of T3/T4 stage (OR 1.16, 95% CI 0.60–2.24, P=0.65) and N1 stage (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.65–1.51, P=0.96) were not statistically related to AR-V7 status. AR-V7-ositive patients had a significantly higher proportion of any site metastasis (61.3% versus 35.0%) (OR 2.19, 95% CI 1.57–3.05, P<0.001) and bone metastasis (81.7% versus 69.0%) (OR 1.97, 95% CI 1.44–2.69, P<0.001), and a trend close to significance was expected in visceral metastasis (28.8% versus 22.1%) (OR 1.29, 95% CI 0.96–1.74, P=0.09). The percentage of pain presence in AR-V7-positive CRPC (54.6%) was prominently higher than negative (28.1%) (OR 4.23, 95% CI 2.52–7.10, P<0.001), line with worse ECOG performance status (56.7% versus 35.0%, OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.51–3.16, P<0.001). Limitations of the study include the differences in study sample size and design, AR-V7 detection assay, and disease characteristics. CONCLUSIONS AR-V7 positivity was associated with higher Gleason score, bone or any site metastasis, presence of pain and worse ECOG performance score in CRPC, but not related to tumor stage or lymph node metastasis. More studies are needed to confirm these findings.

scholarly journals Evaluating Prostate Cancer Knowledge in Rural Southeastern Indiana County

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-99
Author(s):  
Melanie Kroger-Jarvis
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Prostate Cancer Screening ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Cancer Knowledge ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Keywords Prostate Cancer ◽  
Screening Guidelines ◽  
Indiana County

Purpose: Prostate cancer is the most prevalent form of non-cutaneous cancer in the male population and a major cause of death in men. The purpose of this study was to evaluate knowledge of prostate cancer screening among rural men in Ripley county, Indiana. Methods: An 11 item survey was developed and distributed in two family practices, multiple retail sites, and eateries located within Ripley County, Southeastern, Indiana Findings: A convenience sample of 59 men over the age of 50 was recruited by the primary investigator (PI). Through descriptive analysis, the data demonstrates men in Ripley County, Indiana are aware of current prostate cancer screening guidelines. Although they indicated knowing updated information regarding prostate cancer screening, many have not obtained screening. Study findings point to the need for educational programs designed to improve prostate cancer screening rates in this population. Conclusion: Results demonstrate men state they have enough information regarding prostate cancer screening, however many have not obtained screening. The influence of the healthcare provider, spouse, and the men obtaining prostate cancer screening were found to have relationships. DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.14574/ojrnhc.v14i1.27 Keywords: prostate cancer screening, survey, theory, models,    

scholarly journals Prostatos biopsija, kontroliuojama transrektaliniu ultragarsu

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Deimantas Šukys ◽  
Sergejus Gaižauskas ◽  
Robert Jankovski ◽  
Andrius Gaižauskas ◽  
Edgaras Stankevičius
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Prostate Biopsy ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasound ◽  
Peripheral Zone ◽  
Cancer Diagnostics ◽  
Ultrasound Guided ◽  
Keywords Prostate Cancer ◽  
Prostate Biopsies ◽  
Keywords Prostate ◽  
Medical University

Deimantas Šukys1, Sergejus Gaižauskas1, Robert Jankovski1, Andrius Gaižauskas1, Edgaras Stankevičius21 Vilniaus greitosios pagalbosuniversitetinės ligoninėsBendrosios chirurgijos centras,Šiltnamių g. 29, LT-04130 VilniusEl paštas: [email protected] Kauno medicinos universitetoFiziologijos katedra,A. Mickevičiaus g. 9, Kaunas Prostata yra viena dažniausių vėžio lokalizacijų vyrams. Prostatos biopsija, kontroliuojama transrektiniu ultragarsu, yra pagrindinis metodas diagnozuojant prostatos vėžį ir pasirenkant gydymo taktiką. Pagrindinės indikacijos atlikti biopsiją yra PSA > 4 ng/ml ir pirštu čiuopiami prostatos karcinomai būdingi pakitimai. Yra pasiūlyta daug prostatos biopsijos atlikimo metodikų. Įrodyta, jog vietoje klasikinės sekstantinės biopsijos taikant daugiau mėginių turinčias ir labiau į periferinę prostatos zoną orientuotas schemas, randama iki 30% daugiau prostatos vėžio atvejų. Atliekant daugiau mėginių, tampa aktuali nuskausminimo problema. Dar nėra visuotinai priimtų prostatos biopsijos indikacijų ir jos atlikimo schemos. Reikšminiai žodžiai: prostatos vėžys, prostatos biopsija Transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsies Deimantas Šukys1, Sergejus Gaižauskas1, Robert Jankovski1, Andrius Gaižauskas1, Edgaras Stankevičius21 Center of General Surgery,Vilnius Emergency Hospital,Šiltnamių str. 29,LT-04130 Vilnius, LithuaniaE-mail: [email protected] Department of Physiology,Kaunas Medical University,A. Mickevičiaus str. 9,LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania Prostate cancer is one of the most frequent cancer localizations in men. Transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy is the main method in prostate cancer diagnostics and deciding tactics of treatment. The main indications for prostate biopsy are PSA over 4 ng/ml and characteristic palpable lesions. There are a lot of methods to perform prostate biopsy. It is proven that using multicore schemes directed closer to the peripheral zone of the prostate instead of the classic sextant prostate biopsy increases prostate cancer detection by up to 30%. Anesthesia becomes the problem when performing more extended biopsies. So far, there is no strict generally adopted indications and prostate biopsy performing schemes. Keywords: prostate cancer, prostate biopsy

Molecular analysis of multifocal prostate cancer cases

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 147-155
Author(s):  
Rasa SABALIAUSKAITĖ ◽  
Donatas PETROŠKA ◽  
Darius DASEVIČIUS ◽  
Arvydas LAURINAVIČIUS ◽  
Feliksas JANKEVIČIUS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Tissue Microarrays ◽  
Molecular Heterogeneity ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
P53 Expression ◽  
Keywords Prostate Cancer ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Keywords Prostate ◽  
Multifocal Disease ◽  
Tert Expression

Background. Prostate cancer (PCa) is usually a multifocal disease with different foci displaying histological and molecular heterogeneity. Biopsy-based pathology diagnosis of PCa may not be representative of the entire tumour; thus, markers more precisely characterizing every focus of multifocal PCa are highly instrumental for a better testing of PCa. Materials and Methods. Two distant foci of prostate adenocarcinoma were obtained from prostatectomy specimens of ten patients with pT2–pT3 stage PCa. The expression of TMPRSS2 : ERG, TMPRSS2 : ETV1, and TERT was assessed by means of reverse transcription PCR and quantified using the real-time-based approach. Ki-67, ERG, EMA, AMACR, p16, and p53 expression was evaluated by means of immunohistochemistry (IHC) on tissue microarrays (TMA). Results. Two out of ten cases were identified with different Gleason scores in paired foci of PCa. The expression of most of the IHC markers was quite even between TMA cores of each PCa case, with p16 showing the highest level of heterogeneity (44%; 4/9); 80% (8/10) of multifocal PCa expressed different variants of the TMPRSS2 : ERG transcript or showed a varying status of fusion positivity in paired foci, and the expression levels of the transcript were also heterogeneous. Similarly, 90% (9/10) of PCa showed a different positivity for TERT expression in paired foci. Conclusions. Measurement of TMPRSS2 : ERG and TERT expression offers a valuable tool for identifying most aggressive tumour foci and selecting a relevant treatment of PCa. Keywords: prostate cancer, multifocality, TMPRSS2 : ERG, telomerase

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