Pembuatan dan Karakterisasi Bioplastik Berbahan Dasar Biomassa dengan Plasticizer Gliserol

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat dan mengkarakterisasi bioplastik yang memanfaatkan biomassa singkong. Pembuatan bioplastik dilakukan dengan dua variasi campuran yaitu pati singkong sebagai bahan dasar, gliserol + air sebagai plasticizer, asam asetat (cuka) sebagai katalis dan variasi kedua dengan kombinasi yang sama dengan penambahan alkohol sebagai pembanding. Karakterisasi bioplastik meliputi pengamatan permukaan menggunakan SEM; kristalinitas menggunakan XRD; penentuan gugus fungsi menggunakan FTIR; serta menganalisis sifat termal menggunakan TGA dan DSC. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan bahwa bioplastik dengan kombinasi pati singkong+ gliserol + air + asam asetat (cuka) + alkohol mempunyai tingkat degradasi yang tinggi. Hal ini sesuai dengan analisis XRD dimana kombinasi ini memiliki nilai kristalinitas rendah. Hasil spektra IR menunjukkan adanya gugus C-H Alkana, C=O ester, dan C-H Alkena. Sementara hasil SEM memperlihatkan permukaan yang rata dan hasil analisis TGA/DSC yang memperlihatkan pengurangan massa sebesar 2,3234 mgThis study aims to create and characterize bioplastics that utilize cassava biomass. The making of bioplastics is carried out for two variations of mixture, namely cassava starch as the material-based, glycerol + water as plasticizer, acetic acid (vinegar) as a catalyst and the second variation with the same combination with the addition of alcohol as a comparison. Characterization of bioplastics includes surface observations using SEM; crystallinity using XRD; determination of functional groups using FTIR; and analyzing of thermal properties using TGA and DSC. The characterization results show that bioplastics with a combination of cassava starch + glycerol + water + acetic acid (vinegar) + alcohol have a high degree of degradation. This is in accordance with the XRD analysis where this combination has a low crystallinity value. IR spectra showed that the presence of C-H Alkana groups, C = O esters, and C-H alkenes. While the SEM results showed a flat surface and the results of the TGA / DSC analysis which showed a mass reduction of 2.3234 mg.This study aims to create and characterize bioplastics that utilize cassava biomass. The making of bioplastics is carried out for two variations of mixture, namely cassava starch as the material-based, glycerol + water as plasticizer, acetic acid (vinegar) as a catalyst and the second variation with the same combination with the addition of alcohol as a comparison. Characterization of bioplastics includes surface observations using SEM; crystallinity using XRD; determination of functional groups using FTIR; and analyzing of thermal properties using TGA and DSC. The characterization results show that bioplastics with a combination of cassava starch + glycerol + water + acetic acid (vinegar) + alcohol have a high degree of degradation. This is in accordance with the XRD analysis where this combination has a low crystallinity value. IR spectra showed that the presence of C-H Alkana groups, C = O esters, and C-H alkenes. While the SEM results showed a flat surface and the results of the TGA / DSC analysis which showed a mass reduction of 2.3234 mg.

Download Full-text

Characterization of EVA Residues from the Shoe Industry and Post-Consumer Urban-Waste Polyethylenes

Cellular Polymers ◽

10.1177/026248930502400303 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 139-158 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

A.J. Zattera ◽

O. Bianchi ◽

R.V.B. Oliveira ◽

L.B. Canto ◽

C.A. Ferreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tensile Modulus ◽

Urban Waste ◽

Elongation At Break ◽

Shoe Industry ◽

Izod Impact ◽

Lower Elongation ◽

Mechanical Tensile ◽

High Degree ◽

Tga And Dsc

This paper presents a characterization of a crosslinked EVA residue (EVA-c) from expanded sheets used in the shoe industry and post-consumer urban-waste polyethylenes regarding their molecular (FTIR), mechanical (tensile and impact tests), morphological (SEM), thermal (DSC, TGA) and dynamic-mechanical (DMTA) properties. For comparison, the properties of the EVA-c and recycled polyethylenes are compared to respective virgin polymers. The recycled polyethylenes generally presented similar properties to the virgin ones. On the other hand, some EVA-c properties differed from virgin ones since it has a high degree of crosslinking and it therefore has a higher tensile modulus and lower elongation at break, notched Izod impact strength and hardness. Additionally, crosslinking was also found to modify the thermal properties (TGA and DSC) of EVA-c.

Download Full-text

Electrical properties and microstructure fractal analysis of magnesium-modified aluminium-silicate ceramics

Science of Sintering ◽

10.2298/sos1102193p ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 193-204 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. Purenovic ◽

V.V. Mitic ◽

Lj. Kocic ◽

V.B. Pavlovic ◽

V. Paunovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fractal Analysis ◽

Sintering Temperature ◽

Electrical Characterization ◽

Porous Ceramics ◽

Before And After ◽

High Degree ◽

Highly Porous ◽

Aluminium Silicate

The addition of Mg2(NO)3 and some active additives, composed of Al salts, to the mixtures of kaolinite and bentonite can provide clay compositions which, after sintering at high temperatures, produce very porous ceramics with microcrystalline and amorphous regions and highly developed metalized surfaces (mainly with magnesium surplus). Characterization of sintered samples was done before and after treatment in ?synthetic water?, i.e. in aqueous solution of arsenic-salt. Microstructure investigations have revealed non-uniform and highly porous structure with broad distribution of grain size, specifically shaped grains and high degree of agglomeration. Electrical characterization was estimated by determining dielectric constant and electrical resistivity in function of active additives amount and sintering temperature. Fractal analysis has included determination of grain contour fractal dimension.

Download Full-text

Characterization of the zeolitic tuff from the “Igros-Vidojevici” deposit regarding geological and technological aspects

Hemijska industrija ◽

10.2298/hemind170428015k ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 72 (1) ◽

pp. 29-37 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vladan Kasic ◽

Slavica Mihajlovic ◽

Dragana Zivotic ◽

Vladimir Simic ◽

Jovica Stojanovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clay Fraction ◽

Xrd Analysis ◽

Blue Dye ◽

Composition Analysis ◽

Magnetic Impurities ◽

Zeolitic Tuff ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Central Deposit

This study presents investigations of zeolitic tuff samples from the ?Igros- -Vidojevici? deposit. The aim of the research was to determine the quality of samples taken from all deposit parts. Thus, samples were taken from the footwall (?Zeolit 1?), and four samples from the central deposit part (?Zeolit 2?, ?Zeolit 3?, ?Zeolit 4? and ?Zeolit 5?). Characterization of the samples included chemical analysis, determination of the adsorption coefficient for methylene blue dye and cation-exchange capacity (CEC), X-ray powder diffraction analysis (XRPD), differential thermal and thermogravimetric analysis (DTA and TGA), and Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopic analysis (FTIR). Results have shown that the footwall consists mostly of clays, whereas zeolite minerals dominate in the rest of the deposit. XRD analysis of the ?Zeolit 1? sample confirmed presence of smectite and kaolinite clays, while zeolite of analcime type and quartz are present as smaller fractions. Chemical composition analysis and determination of heavy metal contents showed a significant amount (7.58%) of Fe2O3 in this sample. Therefore, further research can be pursued to find a method for removal of magnetic impurities in this deposit portion in order to utilize the clay fraction. On the other hand, according to XRD, FTIR, DTA/TGA and SEM/EDS analyses, samples which belong to the central deposit part (?Zeolit 2?5?) consist of clinoptilolite zeolite type, while clays are present in less than 10%. Thus, clays (smectites and kaolinite) accompanied with analcime and quartz are the most abundant footwall minerals while central deposit parts contain predominantly clinoptilolite accompanied with small amounts of clays. Mineragenetically, zeolites are most abundant in the ?Zeolit 2? and ?Zeolit 3? samples. The smallest value of CEC was determined for the ?Zeolit 1? sample (46.98 mmol/100g). According to CEC values determined for ?Zeolit 2? and ?Zeolit 3? (141.99 and 121.01 mmol/100 g, respectively) these samples are of the best quality, and could be utilized as adsorbents of inorganic pollutants from contaminated waters. Moreover, they could be potentially used for removal of mycotoxins from cattle feed. ?Zeolit 4? and ?Zeolit 5? samples have shown slightly lower CEC values (89.48 and 83.75 mmol/100 g, respectively), which implies lower quality, and, therefore, could be used for soil quality improvement. Finally, determination of the external CEC has revealed a significant difference between ?Zeolit 1? and ?Zeolit 5? samples (17.9 and 5.31 mmol/100 g, respectively).

Download Full-text

The Blocked Amino-Terminal Peptide of Feather Keratin

Australian Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.1071/bi9710179 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 179 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

IJ O'donnell

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Acetic Acid ◽

Amino Groups ◽

Amino Terminal ◽

Acetyl Content ◽

Electrophoretic Patterns ◽

Isolation And Characterization ◽

Primary Amino

Proteins extracted from reduced and carboxymethylated feather keratins (SCM-keratins) have been studied by Harrap and Woods (1964a, 1964b, 1967). They have demonstrated the presence of electrophoretic heterogeneity amongst the proteins and have obtained a molecular weight of approximately 11,000 in agreement with earlier work of Woodin (1954). There was no indication of marked heterogeneity with respect to size. Using acid hydrolysis and determination of acetic acid produced they found an acetyl content of 1 �30 molesj104 g in the rachis off owl feathers. These were thought to be attached to primary amino groups since there were no O-acetyl groups. In the present paper the isolation and characterization of the predominant, and probably sole, amino-terminal tripeptide from goose feather calamus is described. Goose feather calamus was chosen because its extracted proteins had one of the simplest electrophoretic patterns of proteins from the feathers of a number of species (Harrap and Woods 1967).

Download Full-text

Simultaneous determination of acidic 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine metabolites and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid in urine by high-performance liquid chromatography

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/36.10.1834 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 36 (10) ◽

pp. 1834-1837 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

A E Stroomer ◽

H Overmars ◽

N G Abeling ◽

A H van Gennip

Keyword(s):

High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽

Acetic Acid ◽

Liquid Chromatography ◽

Simultaneous Determination ◽

High Performance ◽

Reversed Phase ◽

Fluorescence Detector ◽

Gas Chromatographic Method ◽

High Degree

Abstract We describe a simple and rapid quantitative method for the simultaneous determination of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine acid metabolites and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid. After solvent extraction from acidified urine, the acids are analyzed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. For detection and quantification, we used a fluorescence detector in combination with an amperometric detector to obtain a high degree of specificity. Sample preparation and chromatographic analysis can be completed within an hour. Results by the method correlate well with those by a previously used gas-chromatographic method, but the new method is faster and avoids the need for derivatization.

Download Full-text

Mechanochemical Carboaluminothermic Reduction of V2O5 to Produce VC-Al2O3 Nanocomposite

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v59.2577 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 59 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Mohsen Hossein-Zadeh ◽

Fatemeh Tebyani ◽

Javad Yazdani Cherati ◽

Omid Mirzaee

Keyword(s):

Crystallite Size ◽

Morphological Evolution ◽

Xrd Analysis ◽

Lattice Parameter ◽

Milling Process ◽

Xrd Study ◽

Heat Treated ◽

Nanocomposite Powders

The aim of this investigation is to produce VC–Al2O3 nanocomposite by reducing V2O5 with Aluminum and black carbon powders via mechanochemical process. The effect of milling time on this process was investigated. Milling process was done powder mixture at a rotation speed of 250 rpm for different times. Results showed that VCx has been synthesized after 1 hour of milling. The characterization of phase formation, crystallite size, strain percentage and lattice parameter was done by XRD analysis. To study the morphological evolution and determination of particle size of nanocomposite powders, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) was used. The crystallite size and lattice strain were determined by Williamson-Hall method. XRD study showed that for 6 h milling, the width of V4C3 peaks increased while the crystallite size of these phases decreased to about 27nm. In order to formVC–Al2O3 nanocomposite, the mixture was heat treated with the aid of microwave oven. The composite revealed good microwave absorption and heated up to 1150°C.

Download Full-text

Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Selulosa Asetat (CA)

Indo J Chem Res ◽

10.30598//ijcr.2018.5-fen ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 58-62

Author(s):

Fensia Analda Souhoka ◽

Jolantje Latupeirissa

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Sulfuric Acid ◽

Cellulose Acetate ◽

Acid Anhydride ◽

Degree Of Substitution ◽

Synthesis And Characterization ◽

Cellulose Content

Synthesis and characterization of cellulose acetate (CA) has been conducted. The cellulose used in this study was commecial a-cellulose in 92% content. All the CA products were analyzed by FTIR spectrometers. The determination of cellulose content was done using standart method of TAPPI T-203, while the determination of the degree of substitution (DS) was based on SNI 0444:2009 method. Conventional acetylation of cellulose was performed using gacial acetic acid, anhydride acetic acid, and sulfuric acid. The acetylation at 25 °C for 2.5 hours gave the DS of 1.482 and at 40 °C for 5 hours gave the higher DS 2.295.

Download Full-text

Production, characterization of Fe3O4@CuO composite photocatalysts and determination of photocatalytic activity on Rhodamine B

Brilliant Engineering ◽

10.36937/ben.2020.004.005 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 26-29

Author(s):

Derya TekinTekinTekinTekin

Keyword(s):

Rhodamine B ◽

Xrd Analysis ◽

Sem Analysis ◽

Homogeneous Distribution ◽

Composite Photocatalyst ◽

Dye Decomposition ◽

Composite Photocatalysts ◽

Photocatalytic Activities

In this study, the hydrothermal method was used to synthesize the Fe3O4 particles and the Fe3O4@CuO composite photocatalyst. The XRD, SEM-EDS, UV-Vis, and VSM analyzes were used for the characterization of the synthesized particles and composites. The photocatalysts were determined to show typical Fe3O4 and CuO properties by XRD analysis which were used to determine the crystal structure of photocatalyst. The SEM analysis was used to investigate the surface morphology of photocatalysts and it was determined that the photocatalysts completed their spherical formation and showed a homogeneous distribution. In addition, the presences of Fe, Cu, and O elements were determined by EDS analysis. The band gap energies of Fe3O4 and Fe3O4@CuO with UV-Vis measurements were found to be 1.3 and 1.6 eV, respectively. The results of VSM analysis revealed that the Fe3O4 and Fe3O4@CuO photocatalysts showed approximately the superparamagnetic properties. The degradation of Rhodamine B dye on the photocatalysts was investigated in determining the photocatalytic activities of photocatalysts. The Fe3O4@CuO composite photocatalyst showed 76% of dye decomposition.

Download Full-text

Separation of Cr(VI) From Aqueous Solutions by Natural Bentonite: Equilibrium Study

Quality of Life (Banja Luka) - APEIRON ◽

10.7251/qol1701041m ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 15 (1-2) ◽

Author(s):

Hamdije Memedi ◽

Katerina Atkovska ◽

Kiril Lisichkov ◽

Mirko Marinkovski ◽

Stefan Kuvendziev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solutions ◽

Hexavalent Chromium ◽

Physicochemical Parameters ◽

Xrd Analysis ◽

Ftir Analysis ◽

Equilibrium Study ◽

Quantitative Monitoring ◽

Living Organisms

Removing hexavalent chromium from contaminated wastewater is very important because of toxicity to living organisms. Chromium is carcinogenic and mutagenic in very low concentration values (sub-ppm). The ability of the natural mineral (bentonite) for adsorption of hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), from aqueous solutions was investigated. The influence of different physical and physicochemical parameters (pH, amount of adsorbent, adsorbate initial concentration) was examined. For characterization of adsorbent, classical chemical analysis thermogravimetric analysis (DTA/TGA), XRD analysis, FTIR-analysis and determination of specific surface area by BET were performed. For quantitative monitoring of the dynamics of studied system for the presence of Cr(VI) ions in model solutions, the AAS and UV/Vis analysis were used. The obtained experimental results were used for modeling of the equilibrium of the process through the application of software package MATLAB/Curve Fitting Toolbox., Following adsorption isotherms: Langmuir, Freundlich, Langmuir-Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson, are applied for analyzing the equilibrium of adsorbtion system Cr(VI) ions – bentonite.

Download Full-text

Ozonolysis of Polyisoprene Popcorn Polymer

Rubber Chemistry and Technology ◽

10.5254/1.3535783 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 51 (5) ◽

pp. 977-985 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

G. H. Miller ◽

R. H. Tobias

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Peroxy Radicals ◽

Structural Units ◽

Degree Of Unsaturation ◽

Volatile Products ◽

Secondary Reactions ◽

A Chain ◽

High Degree ◽

Acetic Acids

Abstract Ozonolysis of polyisoprene popcorn polymer gave the volatile products: water, formic acid, acetic acid, levulinaldehyde, 2,5-hexanedione, and propionic acid. The rates of formation of levulinaldehyde and 2,5-hexanedione varied during the 96-hour ozonolysis period; more levulinaldehyde was formed during the early stages, and more 2,5-hexanedione during the later stages. The molar yields of formic and acetic acid were approximately 20 and 10 times larger, respectively, than the average hexanedione or levulinaldehyde yield. A chain unzipping mechanism is postulated for the production of most of the formic and acetic acids, and it is believed that most of the 2,5-hexanedione is formed in secondary reactions initiated by alkoxy or peroxy radicals. A large amount of oxygen remained on the polymer which still had a high degree of unsaturation following the ozonolysis. Ozonolysis of bulk PIP is not a satisfactory way for the determination of head-to-head and tail-to-tail structural sequences. The evidence obtained, however, indicates that the polymer is composed primarily of head-to-tail structural units.

Download Full-text