scholarly journals Properties of Biomineralization Process in Various Types of Soil and Their Limitations

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 4261-4268
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Great Depth ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Kinetic Effect ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Biomineralization Process ◽  
Weak Soils ◽  
Problematic Soils

Weak and problematic soils affect stability and safety of structures founded on them. The problems occur due to limitation or absence of shear strength or over shear stress applied on the soil during loading which then lead to large settlement and consequently failure to the founded structures. Replacing the soil with better materials would be very costly as these types of soil are normally extended to a great depth under the ground surface. The proposed solution for such kind of soils is curing weak soils instead of replacing them. One of the proposed treatment methods is bio-grouting in which the conditions and the scales of the application differs according to the soil types and limitations. Reviews on previous researches have shown that treatment results by bio-grouting method are controlled by several factors, such as size of pores, value of pH, duration of treatment, presence of water and electro-kinetic effect, which give impact to treatment results quality and quantity. The outcome can go as far as killing the bacteria which then reduce the microbial growth if it was not controlled. Understanding of bio-grouting process and its application will help in improving the engineering properties of the weak soils and its applications.

scholarly journals Performance of electrokinetic treatment of fine-grained problematic soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4B) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abiola Ayopo Abiodun ◽  
◽  
Zalihe Nalbantoglu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Laboratory Model ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Electrode Length ◽  
Problematic Soils

Electrokinetic (EK) treatment is an innovative, cost-effective in situ ground modification technology. The EK treatment uses a combination of low-voltage direct-current, electrodes, and ionic solutions across problematic soil to improve the ground conditions. This study aims to model the effect of changing electrode length (le) on the performance of the EK treatment on the engineering properties of fine-grained problematic soils. The consideration of the changing electrode lengths (le), varying soil depths (ds), and lengthwise anode to cathode distances (dA↔E), in the soil block samples, is in the form of the laboratory model test tank. The significant performance of the experimental tests was with changing electrode lengths of 0.25le (7.5 cm), 0.50le (15.0 cm), 0.75le (22.5 cm), and 1.0le (30.0 cm). The study analyzed the test data obtained from the Atterberg limit and one-dimensional swelling tests at different extraction points of the EK treated soils in the test tanks. Furthermore, the study carefully analyzed the effect of changing electrode length (le) on the performance of the EK treatment. The results of the Design of Experiment (DOE) model analysis revealed that the effect of changing electrode length (le) on the plasticity index (PI), and swelling potential (SP) of the EK treated soils, was significant. For a specific soil depth (ds), the electrode lengths (le) of 0.50le and 0.75le were significantly effective in reducing the PI, and the SP of the EK treated soils. Unlike other studies in the literature, the use of DOE analysis in the present study enabled the detection of the significant input factors and their interactive effects on the PI and the SP, thus, enabling the practicing engineers to navigate accurate design models for large in situ applications.

scholarly journals Functional assessment of foot and ankle tendinopathies treated with tendoscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-132
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Guimarães Huyer ◽  
Mário Sérgio Paulillo Cillo ◽  
Carlos Daniel Cândido Castro Filho ◽  
Hallan Douglas Bertelli ◽  
Renato Morelli Berg
Keyword(s):  
Functional Assessment ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Case Series ◽  
P Value ◽  
Peroneal Tendon ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Aofas Score ◽  
Level Of Evidence

Objective: To assess postoperative clinical functional outcomes, based on the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, of tendoscopies performed in the treatment of foot and ankle pathologies. Methods: Our comparative assessment used AOFAS scores obtained preoperatively and at early and late postoperative stages - 1 month and 6 to 12 months after surgery - of 14 patients with foot and ankle tendinopathies. These included peroneal tendon dislocation, peroneal tendonitis, and tearing of the peroneus longus or brevis, all treated with tendoscopy for peroneal reconstruction and tenorrhaphy. The AOFAS score was obtained by functional assessment during outpatient physical examination. We presented a descriptive analysis of cases, comparing scores over time through the Friedman test followed by Dunn’s test. The relationship between score variations and sex was assessed using the Mann-Whitney test; their comparison with age used Spearman’s linear correlation coefficient. Significance levels were 5%.Results: The AOFAS score showed important improvements such as preoperative scores of 56 and 67 followed by postoperative scores of 100 both in the early and late stages, supporting the efficacy and persistence of this treatment strategy. The p-value obtained after statistical analysis was <0.0001. Conclusion: We concluded that the treatment of foot and ankle comorbidities with tendoscopy, in addition to being less invasive, shows consistency and efficacy as demonstrated by the AOFAS score and functional assessment via postoperative physical examinations. AOFAS scores were increased and maintained at high levels in the postoperative period, demonstrating the efficacy of this procedure and the duration of treatment results. Level of Evidence IV; Case Series; Therapeutic Studies - Investigation of Treatment Results.

Sequential use of sorafenib and sunitinib in renal cancer: Retrospective analysis in 90 patients

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 5038-5038 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Sablin ◽  
L. Bouaita ◽  
C. Balleyguier ◽  
J. Gautier ◽  
C. Celier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Progressive Disease ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Best Response ◽  
Extended Access ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Metastatic Sites ◽  
Continuous Dosing

5038 Background: Sorafenib (So) and sunitinib (Su) have been recently approved for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Following this approval, sequential use of both drugs is often proposed, although very few data are available to support it. Material and Methods: We reviewed all patients (pts) who received sequentially So-Su or Su-So in the last 3 years from 4 sites in France. All pts had been enrolled in clinical studies or in the extended access programs. In all patients demography, prognostic factors (MSKCC score), number of metastatic sites, best response (BR) and PFS with each treatment were recorded. Some patients are still too early for response and PFS assessment under the second treatment. Results: 68 pts first received So while 22 pts received Su first (continuous dosing in 12, intermittent in 10). Results under the first treatments were as follows: median PFS 26.1 wks, mean duration of treatment 33.2 wks; and median PFS was 22 wks, mean duration of treatment 26.9 wks for So and Su respectively. BR in terms of partial response (PR), stable disease (SD), progressive disease (PD) is given in the table . 2 pts stopped So because of toxicity and response is not available (NA), and 22 pts (NE) are too early in the course of the second treatment. Overall, PR rate was 17.6% for So and 22.7% for Su. PR or SD was observed as best response in the second treatment in both sequences. Only 6 pts had PD with both drugs: all of them had 3 or more metastatic sites and were in intermediate or poor MSKCC risk groups. Conversely, 4 pts had PR with both drugs, and were in good (n=2) or intermediate (n=2) risk groups. 11 pts only have died so far. Conclusions: these results suggest the lack of cross resistance between So and Su, and support the sequential use of So and Su in RCC. Updated data will be presented at ASCO. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals Treatment Results of Vocal Process Granuloma: Intubation Versus Contact Granuloma

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-141
Author(s):  
Jin Uk Jeong ◽  
Jae Hwan Oh ◽  
Seul Kim ◽  
Dong Young Kim ◽  
Joo Hyun Woo
Keyword(s):  
Proton Pump Inhibitor ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Proton Pump ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Lesion Size ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Vocal Process ◽  
Lesion Type

Background and Objectives Vocal process granulomas (VPGs) are benign lesions of the larynx, typically contact granulomas (CG) and intubation granulomas (IG). The two diseases are known to have different clinical manifestations despite having the same pathological features. The purpose of this study was to analyze the treatment results for CG and IG and to obtain clinical information.Materials and Method We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients diagnosed with VPG between January 2015 and December 2018. The patient’s age, sex, medical history, lesion size, lesion type, reflux finding score, response to treatment, duration of treatment, and follow-up period were compared.Results In total, 32 patients were included in the study, of which 18 were CG and 14 were IG. In the CG group, males were dominant (n=15, 83.3%), whereas in the IG group, females were dominant (n=11, 78.6%) (p=0.0009). The response to medical treatment using proton pump inhibitor and steroid inhaler was better in the IG group (11/14, 78.6%) than in the CG group (7/18, 38.9%) (p=0.036). Of the 14 patients who did not respond to medical treatment, 5 received botulium toxin injections, and all 5 had complete remission. The duration of medical treatment was significantly longer in the IG group (p=0.0029).Conclusion IG was more common in female, and CG was more dominant in male. IG had better response to medical treatment using proton pump inhibitor and steroid inhaler than CG.

scholarly journals Ecological changes in geological media and Siverskyi Donets River basin under the condition of goal mines flooding

2021 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
pp. 09006
Author(s):  
Yevheniia Anpilova ◽  
Yevhenii Yakovliev ◽  
Rolf Petry ◽  
Volodymyr Horbulin
Keyword(s):  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Coal Mines ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Great Depth ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
Production Complex ◽  
Mining Works ◽  
Freshwater Aquifers

Complex economic, geological-technological state of coal mines and impact of the armed conflict factors (the breakdown of energy supply, objects of critical infrastructure, etc.) accelerated closure of coal mines by the method of “wet preservation” in particular. In most developed EU countries decommissioning of coal mines, which have great depth (up to 1,0-1,5 km) and areas of minefields, occurs according to the post-mining (PM) research and production complex, which is based on the scientific and technological activities regarding prevention of dangerous changes in the geological environment (GE) - subsidence of ground surface, lands flooding, emission of explosive and toxic gases as well as reduction of outflows of polluted water into the local river basins (RB) and the soil aquifer. Additionally, PM suggests some mining works turning into the hydraulic-filtration system of mine water retention at a depth of 250-350 m with a purpose of preventing pollution flow into the freshwater aquifers and river network, preserving regional aquitards, degassing of mountain surface. In general, the PM activities complex aims at maintaining the balance and protective potential of the GE as mineral and landscape basis of the biosphere, elimination of dangerous changes in ecological parameters of the hydrographical network. It is shown that new models of subsoil and water use, geological prospecting structure, scientific basis for permissible changes in GE and RB are required together with closure of “old” mining works (MW) and opening of new ones, improvement of the environment monitoring based on GIS technologies and Earth remote sensing.

scholarly journals Improvement of Strength of Locally Available Soils using Microbial Induced Calcite Precipitation

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-224
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Red Soil ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Black Cotton Soil ◽  
Microbial Culture ◽  
Calcite Precipitation ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Bacillus Pasteurii ◽  
Soil Microbial

Engineering properties of soils are improved by adopting various proven methods such as mechanical and chemical. Strength of locally available soil (Black cotton soil and red soil) was enhanced by application of Microbial Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP) using species of Bacillus pasteurii. Microbial culture improves the unconfined compressive strength and shear strength of locally available soil. Microbial culture developed from Bacillus pasteurii, was used to stimulate and catalyze the process of calcite precipitation triggered by urea hydrolysis which includes reaction between urea and calcium chloride. This paper includes outcomes of effectiveness of MICP on locally available soil, on three parameters measure of the cementation reagent, measure of Bacillus pasteurii and duration of treatment process. The results elaborated that with the application of MICP, unconfined compressive strength of black cotton soil increased 1.6 to 2.3 times and red soil from 1.8 to 3 times. This gives optimum quantity of microbes and concentration of Cementation reagent as additive to improve strength of black cotton soil and red soil.

scholarly journals Effects of Xanthan Gum Biopolymers on Gypseous Soils Characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Arwa F. Theyab ◽  
Farouk M. Muhauwiss ◽  
Waleed M. Alabdraba
Keyword(s):  
Xanthan Gum ◽  
Large Deformations ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Collapse Potential ◽  
Problematic Soils ◽  
Soil Enhancement ◽  
Environmentally Friendly Method ◽  
Gypseous Soil

Gypseous soils are problematic soils that cause large deformations in the constructions that are built on it. Therefore, many binders have been used to reduce this impact. Traditional soil binders like lime or cement have environmental problems in terms of sustainability. Thus, sustainable substances have attracted appreciable interest in recently soil enhancement. Biomaterials are being developed to enhance geotechnical engineering properties like hydraulic conductivity, strength, and slope stability of varied soil types. This study aims at evaluating the engineering characteristics of gypseous soil treated with xanthan gum biopolymer. The tests performed on three types of gypseous soil with various gypsum contents and different properties. Gypseous soils were mixed with various contents of xanthan gum with a percentage of 2, 4, and 6. The compaction results indicated that xanthan gum decreases the maximum dry density and increases the optimum moisture content. The treated gypseous soils exhibited a low collapse potential by more than 30% - 45% with xanthan gum. The direct shear results of biopolymer treated soils showed significant shear strength gains. The results of the current study imply xanthan gum biopolymer improvement as an environmentally friendly method to improve the engineering properties of gypseous soil.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Penambahan Fly Ash Terhadap Perilaku Teknis Tanah Ekspansif di Daerah Selimau Kabupaten Bulungan

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-102
Author(s):  
Fuad Harwadi ◽  
Sepri Rantesalu ◽  
Nofrizal Nofrizal
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Graphical Form ◽  
Coal Waste ◽  
Chemical Additives ◽  
Volume Weight ◽  
Optimum Water Content ◽  
Problematic Soils

Expansive soil is one of the problematic soils for civil engineering construction. The high swelling-shrinkage nature results in deformations that can damage the construction on it, therefore it is necessary to make improvements in expansive  soil. One of the most widely used methods of improving expansive soil is stabilization using chemical additives. In this research using coal waste material (fly ash) as stabilizer from PLTU Sekayan in Kaltara Province, so it can be said as environmentally friendly stabilization. The research objective was to determine changes in engineering behavior of expansive soil through compaction tests and CBR. The test results will be displayed in graphical form, namely by comparing the expansive soil that has not been stabilized (initial conditions) and the expansive soil that has been stabilized with fly ash at mixed variations of 20%, 30% and 40%, and has passed the curing period for 5, 15, and 30 days. From this research, it was found that the addition of a stabilizer (fly ash) could improve its engineering properties, and the optimum results were obtained at the addition of 40% fly ash and after 30 days of curing time. From the compaction test, it was found that the volume weight of dry soil (γdry) increased by 14.05% from 1.21 gr/cm3 to 1.38 gr/cm3 and the optimum water content (wopt) decreased by 38.12% from 31.19% to 19,3%. From CBR testing in the laboratory, there was a very large increase in the value of CBRDesign, namely 2192% from 0.72% to 16.5%

scholarly journals Stabilisation of Red Soil By using Coconut Coir Fibre and Rice Husk Ash

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-540
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Coir Fibre ◽  
Soil Stabilisation ◽  
Problematic Soils ◽  
Coconut Coir

The focus of this report is to study the feasibility of stabilizing the soil by using rice husk ash and coconut coir fibre, thus re-using the waste materials and providing an economical and eco-friendly method of soil stabilization. Soil stabilisation is a system to treat the soil to improve the performance of the soil. The capacity, rice husk ash as stabilizing additive to expansive soil is evaluated for the enhancing engineering properties of expansive soil. The Assessment includes the dedication of the swelling capacity, plastic limit, liquid limit, plasticity index, cohesion & compaction characteristics of the expansive soil. For the soil which lacks enough stability, various stabilization techniques can be adopted. Various percentage of rice husk ash and coconut coir Fibre (5% to 25%). the practices were executed on 5 proportions 5% ,10%,15%, 20% and 25% with the sample. The optimum value of the assessment is found at the proportion of 15% in table 3i.e.the value of unconfined compressive strength is 142kN/m2. Expansive clays are very problematic soils and not suitable for construction. Because of the change in volume when it exposes to water. Usually in rainy season, they absorb water and swells and in summer it shrinks.

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