scholarly journals Ecological changes in geological media and Siverskyi Donets River basin under the condition of goal mines flooding

2021 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
pp. 09006
Author(s):  
Yevheniia Anpilova ◽  
Yevhenii Yakovliev ◽  
Rolf Petry ◽  
Volodymyr Horbulin
Keyword(s):  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Coal Mines ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Great Depth ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
Production Complex ◽  
Mining Works ◽  
Freshwater Aquifers

Complex economic, geological-technological state of coal mines and impact of the armed conflict factors (the breakdown of energy supply, objects of critical infrastructure, etc.) accelerated closure of coal mines by the method of “wet preservation” in particular. In most developed EU countries decommissioning of coal mines, which have great depth (up to 1,0-1,5 km) and areas of minefields, occurs according to the post-mining (PM) research and production complex, which is based on the scientific and technological activities regarding prevention of dangerous changes in the geological environment (GE) - subsidence of ground surface, lands flooding, emission of explosive and toxic gases as well as reduction of outflows of polluted water into the local river basins (RB) and the soil aquifer. Additionally, PM suggests some mining works turning into the hydraulic-filtration system of mine water retention at a depth of 250-350 m with a purpose of preventing pollution flow into the freshwater aquifers and river network, preserving regional aquitards, degassing of mountain surface. In general, the PM activities complex aims at maintaining the balance and protective potential of the GE as mineral and landscape basis of the biosphere, elimination of dangerous changes in ecological parameters of the hydrographical network. It is shown that new models of subsoil and water use, geological prospecting structure, scientific basis for permissible changes in GE and RB are required together with closure of “old” mining works (MW) and opening of new ones, improvement of the environment monitoring based on GIS technologies and Earth remote sensing.

Applied Study of Fibre Padding and Ceramic in Micro-Polluted Water Treatment

2009 ◽  
Vol 620-622 ◽  
pp. 559-562
Author(s):  
Xiao Dong Zhang ◽  
Ji Hua Chen ◽  
Dan Li Xi
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Water Quality Standards ◽  
Oxidation Pond ◽  
Dissolved Phosphorus ◽  
Applied Study ◽  
Operation And Management

The ecological fiber is a new water treatment material that is processed by simulating the shape of wild water-borne plant. In recent years it has been applied broadly in sewerage treatment for its following advantages: big specific surface area, high capacity in removing organic matter, good microbiological adhesiveness, variable pore sizes, wonderful performance in preventing jamming, flexibility in operation and management, etc. Ceramic padding has high porosity and moderate density which is highly favorable to the growth of microorganisms. This paper discussed treating the micro-polluted water by the combination of oxidation pond and constructed wetland. The results show that some indexes of the treated water reached or exceeded band 3 national water quality standards. These indexes include TN (total nitrogen), TP (total phosphorus), TDP (total dissolved phosphorus), CODCr and so on. The research results can provide scientific basis for project design.

scholarly journals Experimentation of a new type of permissible explosive under the specific conditions of the Jiu Valley mines

2021 ◽  
Vol 342 ◽  
pp. 02003
Author(s):  
Robert Laszlo ◽  
Emilian Ghicioi ◽  
Cristian Radeanu ◽  
Bogdan Garaliu Busoi ◽  
Stefan Ilici
Keyword(s):  
Underground Mining ◽  
Coal Dust ◽  
Coal Mines ◽  
Emulsion Explosives ◽  
Methane Gas ◽  
Geological Characteristics ◽  
New Type ◽  
Coal Rock ◽  
Safety Recommendations ◽  
Mining Works

At the underground mining works performed in coal, rock and mixed coal & rocks, the process applied almost exclusively is by drilling & blasting. Given that the mines in the Jiu Valley are classified as methane mines, this involves the use of explosives and means of initiation that are safe from methane gas and coal dust. To date, permissible powdered explosives have been widely used. The drilling & blasting patterns were established according to the physical - mechanical and geological characteristics of the rocks in the massif, the type and section of the mining works as well as the restrictions imposed by the methane regime of the mines. In recent years, the widespread use of emulsion explosives has led to the development of permissible types of emulsion explosives. In order to use the permissible emulsion in the coal mines in the Jiu Valley, it was necessary to test in the INSEMEX landfill the safety and functioning parameters as well as to perform underground blasts, in the specific conditions of the methane coal mines. The paper describes the underground experimental blasting works performed, as well as technical and safety recommendations for the use of this type of explosive - permissible emulsion.

scholarly journals Evaluation and Risk Factors of Roadheaders in Coal Mines

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-250
Author(s):  
Erika Škvareková ◽  
Marianna Tomašková ◽  
Dušan Sabadka ◽  
Marian Šofranko ◽  
Štefan Zelenák
Keyword(s):  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Coal Mines ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Soft Rock ◽  
Occupational Accidents ◽  
Rock Falls ◽  
Work Activity ◽  
Safety Risks ◽  
Hydraulic Machines ◽  
Mining Works

Abstract During mechanical disintegration of the rock, for mining works are used also roadheaders. Roadheaders, in comparison with disintegration by blasting operations can without interuption, and works changes with one machine, dissolve, load and at the same time mine disintegrated rock. These electro-hydraulic machines cause no harmful vibrations and are ideal for mining coal and other soft rock minerals. Mechanical mining is safer, protects the rock environment, allows mining without further breaks, allows you to achieve a higher level of daily progress and also saves work. The analysis of occupational accidents in the Slovak Republic shows that it is necessary require from employees increased attention in any work activity and attention in the work performed (mainly work in handling material, objects and burdens). In the underground coal mines further attention needs to be paid to securing hazardous areas, it is necessary to proceed in such a way as to prevent as much as possible the fall of rock as much as possible Underground roads require modification and equipment in accordance with regulations. It is necessary to follow health and safety instructions mentioned in operating and maintenance documentation. Correction of some deficiencies is ordered by a decision of the Mining Office. Most measures are aimed at adhering to technological discipline, to complement operating documentation, to prevent rock falls, to equip some machinery and transport equipment, to work procedures for handling loads, to maintenance of mining works and for explosion and anti-vapor prevention. In this article, we assess the safety risks of two roadheaders for coal mining works in Slovak conditions. Pairwise comparisons of the criteria of selected roadheaders were used to determine the safety risks, as well as taking into account the risks and safety measures according to the mixed methods following to the standard.

Static Load Test and Data Analysis of Tiansheng Bridge

2014 ◽  
Vol 638-640 ◽  
pp. 1107-1110
Author(s):  
Hai Xia Ao ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Yu Ping Yue
Keyword(s):  
Static Load ◽  
Great Depth ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Bridge Structure ◽  
Static Load Test ◽  
Work Condition ◽  
Test Load ◽  
Testing Program ◽  
Bridge Safety

The static load test schemes of Tiansheng bridge are briefly discussed . Through the comparative analysis of the theory values and the measured values , understand the actual work condition of bridge structure under test load and evaluate the bearing capacity of bridge structure .Through comparison of modeling datas and the measured values , test correctness of testing program, providing a scientific basis for the bridge safety and research in great depth.

scholarly journals Properties of Biomineralization Process in Various Types of Soil and Their Limitations

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 4261-4268
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Great Depth ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Kinetic Effect ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Biomineralization Process ◽  
Weak Soils ◽  
Problematic Soils

Weak and problematic soils affect stability and safety of structures founded on them. The problems occur due to limitation or absence of shear strength or over shear stress applied on the soil during loading which then lead to large settlement and consequently failure to the founded structures. Replacing the soil with better materials would be very costly as these types of soil are normally extended to a great depth under the ground surface. The proposed solution for such kind of soils is curing weak soils instead of replacing them. One of the proposed treatment methods is bio-grouting in which the conditions and the scales of the application differs according to the soil types and limitations. Reviews on previous researches have shown that treatment results by bio-grouting method are controlled by several factors, such as size of pores, value of pH, duration of treatment, presence of water and electro-kinetic effect, which give impact to treatment results quality and quantity. The outcome can go as far as killing the bacteria which then reduce the microbial growth if it was not controlled. Understanding of bio-grouting process and its application will help in improving the engineering properties of the weak soils and its applications.

scholarly journals An expert system for underground coal mine planning

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-127
Author(s):  
Edyta Brzychczy ◽  
Marek Kęsek ◽  
Aneta Napieraj ◽  
Roman Magda
Keyword(s):  
Expert System ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Coal Mines ◽  
Mine Planning ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Mining Works ◽  
Main Components

Abstract In the current market situation, mining companies are faced with the necessity to take actions to improve the efficiency of the mining process. Some of these actions enforce a centralization of activities in the field of deposit economy and planning of mining operations in these companies. In the planning process with such scope the large knowledge of designers is required, which could be additionally supported by a knowledge base, supplied by information and data obtained during the completion of mining works, which also allows for use of the expert knowledge of other organizational units of the mine or the company. The paper presents an original expert system for mining works planning in the underground hard coal mines (MinePlanEx). The aim of the developed system is to support the designers of production planning in hard coal mines within the scope of: equipment selection, mining machinery combining into equipment sets and determining characteristic curves regarding the production results in the planned excavations. Knowledge of the system is represented by the rules selected with the chosen data mining techniques (association rules and classification trees) and obtained from experts. The first part of the paper presents a knowledge base, knowledge acquisition module and inference module which are the main components of the system. The second part contains an example of system operation.

scholarly journals Reverse osmosis as one-step wastewater treatment: a case study on groundwater pollution

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 42-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wajid Ali ◽  
Waheed Ur Rehman ◽  
Mohammad Younas ◽  
Muhammad Imran Ahmad ◽  
Saeed Gul
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
One Step

Abstract The present case study is focused on performance evaluation of a Reverse Osmosis (RO) membrane based pilot plant to treat the ground/surface drinking water sources polluted by flood, rivers and/or canals. The RO plant was designed, fabricated and then operated with polluted water. Two feed water samples having a TDS of 2.000 mg · L−1 and 10.000 mg · L−1 respectively, were taken and analyzed for physical, chemical and microbiological contaminants. The RO plant was run once through over a span of 100 hrs at an operating pressure of 15 bar. TDS rejections were found to be more than 94% while permeate flux was measured to be 25.82 L · m−2 · hr−1 to 40.55 L · m−2 · hr−1. Results show that RO plant has a potential to remove physical, chemical and microbiological contaminants like Total Coliform and E. Coli in one step.

scholarly journals Field Measurement and Numerical Modelling Study on Mining-Induced Subsidence in a Typical Underground Mining Area of Northwestern China

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Kai Zhang ◽  
Lu Bai ◽  
Pengfei Wang ◽  
Zhuang Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Field Measurement ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Coal Mines ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Mining Activity ◽  
Longwall Panel ◽  
Underground Coal Mines ◽  
The Future

Mining-induced subsidence is a great concern for environmental protection in underground mining areas in China and all over the world. In view of the fact that the research on land degradation above underground coal mines are completely or partially independent of coal mining activity and the fact that the mechanism behind mining-induced subsidence has not been well understood, this study presents a field measurement and numerical study of mining-induced subsidence with respect to mining activity of three adjacent longwall panels in a coal mine in Northwest China. This study shows that surface subsidence lags far behind panel extraction or mining activity. The profiles of ground surface are dominated and manifested by the subsurface strata structures. The subsidence influence throughout the whole length of a longwall panel varies. Stability of strata structures within overburden before the final subsidence controls the stability of ground surface land. Chain pillars of 20 m between panels of 240 m wide with cover depth of 600 m have been crushed in the gob and do not have any function in supporting the overburden strata. The final subsidence of the three adjacent panels is far to come in the future and the land reuse above underground coal mines should be carefully planned by making sure that the gob is completely compacted or no potential secondary subsidence occurs in the future.

scholarly journals Building the Scientific Basis for Cyber Resilience of Critical Infrastructure.

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margot J. Hutchins ◽  
Derek H. Hart ◽  
Jason E. Stamp ◽  
Robert Forrest
Keyword(s):  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Scientific Basis

Role of saturated and unsaturated zone in soil disposal of septic tank effluent

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Johnson ◽  
J. W. Atwater
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Separation Distance ◽  
Saturated Soil ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Absorption System ◽  
Septic Tank Effluent

The guidelines for the use of the septic tank – soil absorption system (ST–SAS) in the Province of British Columbia are very specific in regard to the separation distance between the ground surface and the groundwater table (minimum 1.2 m), and between the tile field and perimeter drains or ditches (minimum 3.0 m). A pilot-scale experiment employing waterproof channels filled with a saturated soil was used to evaluate the scientific basis for these guidelines. Septic tank effluent was applied to unsaturated columns and the inlet end of the channels and samples were taken at different points in the channels. Measurements were made of total and fecal coliforms, chemical oxygen demand, ammonia, nitrate, and orthophosphate. Coliform reductions within the channels were at least 30 000-fold with total coliform numbers generally lying below 200 coliforms/100 mL and fecal coliforms generally less than 50 coliforms/100 mL. Varying degrees of nitrification occurred in the unsaturated columns, resulting in relatively high concentrations of nitrate in some of the channel sections (1–7 mg/L in channels filled with sand and 0.1–1.0 mg/L in channels filled with loamy sand). The removal of orthophosphate was greater than 90% in all of the channel sections, independent of the saturated or unsaturated zones. Reductions in measured influent parameters were substantial in all of the channels. This suggests that the guidelines may be conservative with respect to these particular soils. Of concern are the high nitrate values observed in some of the channels, therefore consideration of nitrification potential should be made in conjunction with the potential for reduction of other contaminants. Key words: septic tank, soil absorption system, saturated soil, unsaturated soil, coliforms, nutrients.

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