scholarly journals Ransomware Attacks: - Impact, Symptoms, Working, Preventive Measures and Response

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 188-191
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Malicious Codes ◽  
Prevention Methods ◽  
Compromised Systems

Ransomware is the malware that breaches the protection of the system by using malicious codes. Modern ransomware families, encrypt certain file types on compromised systems. The attacks not only focused on a particular individual, but many organizations and institutions are also involved. New threats to the education sectors and similar organizations are centered here. Possible identification, prevention methods & responses to the rising ransomware attacks explained to combat them efficiently. The main ground of this research is to identify & understand the working of encrypting ransomware and understand the potential ways to counter them before attacking our systems & networks. Following the methodologies presented in this paper with careful analysis can effectively prevent and avert ransomware attacks.

The 419 Code as Business Unusual: Youth and the Unfolding of the Advance Fee Fraud Online Discourse

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afe Adogame
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Organised Crime ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
Corporate Security ◽  
Advance Fee Fraud ◽  
The World ◽  
Penal Law ◽  
Operational Frameworks

AbstractOne issue that has launched Nigeria into international réclame and public ignominy, especially in the last decade, is the Advance Fee Fraud (a.k.a. '419'), a code which refers originally to the section of the Nigerian Penal Law that deals with specific fraud schemes. The paper located the economic and socio-political upheavals in Nigeria from the late 1970s as the leverage for the advent and consolidation of fraudulent schemes. It demonstrated how youths have increasingly appropriated the Internet as a gateway to the world and as conduits for information enhancement, economic empowerment or a means to achieving their own ends. Through a careful analysis of 150 documented scam letters, this paper describes the emerging variations of a theme. As a transnational organised crime, this paper demonstrates how its increasing complexity and sophistication, with the target audience of individuals and corporate bodies within the domestic and international frontiers, has attracted local-global security attention and action. The paper concludes that the changing anatomy and the elasticity of the criminal transnational networks can be better grasped, and the preventive measures by individual, government and corporate security agencies prove efficacious, when understood and located within local-global contexts and wider operational frameworks.

scholarly journals Quality of life, perception and knowledge of dentists on noise

Revista CEFAC ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 782-791
Author(s):  
Sonia Regina Lazarotto Schettini ◽  
Cláudia Giglio de Oliveira Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Pain Symptoms ◽  
Prevention Methods ◽  
Workplace Noise

ABSTRACT Purpose: to analyze the perception and knowledge of dentists on occupational noise, its prevention, and effects on their health and quality of life. Methods: a cross-sectional study carried out with 54 dentists of both genders. Two questionnaires were applied: one addressing issues of perception and knowledge on noise and its effects, and another on Quality of Life (SF 36). Results: the workplace noise was considered within medium intensity, and a health risk. Some professionals (59.2%) reported knowing noise prevention methods, although they do not use them. Complaints and the most frequently reported symptoms were irritability, difficulty in understanding speech and tinnitus. The perception of the Quality of Life was worse among men. There was association between pain and perception of noise intensity. Conclusion: noise was considered, regardless of gender, harmful to health and associated with perception of musculoskeletal pain. Symptoms and complaints caused by noise have been reported to negatively impact the professional activity of dentists, however, most of them do not adopt preventive measures.

scholarly journals Health Hazards and Preventive Measures of Farm Women

AAOHN Journal ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 307-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonnie Juve' Meeker ◽  
Ann Carruth ◽  
Catherine B. Holland
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Hazards ◽  
Farm Women ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Farm Work ◽  
Prevention Methods

Currently, an increasing number of farms are family owned and women are directly involved in the farming operations as an independent manager or partner. Women play an important role in farm management by marketing farm products, purchasing materials, and financial planning. Because of this involvement, women can be exposed to potential health hazards that can result in chronic illness, debilitation, or death. This study explored and described health hazards affecting farm women in southeast Louisiana, preventive measures used by farm women, and their consistency in using protective equipment with varying levels of time commitment toward farm operations. This cross sectional study included women older than 18 whose family participated in farming operations. A stratified, random sample design with parishes comprising the strata and simple random selection without replacement within each stratum was used to select family addresses. A total of 519 women who met the criteria completed a structured 30 minute telephone interview conducted using The Louisiana Farm Health and Injury Survey instrument. Information elicited included farm work characteristics, prevention practices, and demographics. Results showed that women working 1 to 20 hours per week were less likely to wear personal protective equipment (PPE) than women working more than 20 hours per week. This included wearing seat belts on tractors; using hearing, eye, or breathing protection; and wearing gloves or boots. No differences were found between groups for use of skin protection, hair holders, or helmets on all terrain vehicles (ATVs). The researchers concluded that if nursing interventions such as teaching and counseling related to prevention methods could be provided, the incidence of acute and chronic illnesses and traumatic injury would decline.

scholarly journals Prevention Practice and Associated Factors of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak among Educated Ethiopians: An online Based Cross-sectional Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henok Dagne ◽  
Kassahun Alemu Alemu ◽  
Baye Dagnew ◽  
Demewoz Taddesse ◽  
Abiy Maru Alemayehu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Preventive Practice ◽  
Prevention Methods ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Background: An acute respiratory disease, known as the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), was identified in the late 2019. As launched by World Health Organization, it is now a pandemic problem. So far there is no any vaccine or drug for treatment to this disease. The world including Ethiopia have been relying on practicing different preventive measures. As of 17-Apr-2020, the Ethiopian health minister reported 96 confirmed cases and 3 deaths of COVID-19 from the total of 6231 laboratory tests conducted. The mainstay of approach to avoid COVID-19 is applying preventive measures. Therefore, the current survey aimed to assess self-reported measures of prevention practice and associated factors regarding COVID-19 among educated Ethiopians in the early stage of this outbreak.Methods: An online based cross-sectional study was conducted to collect information from educated Ethiopians during the early stage of the outbreak from March 25 to April 4, 2020. Electronic based questionnaire developed by reviewing literature and revising from ''COVID-19 Snapshot Monitoring comprised monitoring knowledge, risk perceptions, preventive behaviors, and public trust in the current coronavirus outbreak. Data were analyzed using SPSS-25. Results were presented using descriptive and inferential statistics. To determine predictor variables for preventive practice, a binary logistic regression model was fitted. Variables with a p-value < 0.05 in the final model were declared as predictors.Results: Five-hundred and twenty-eight Ethiopians participated in this study of which 80.7% were males. The mean age of study participants was 33.2 (±7.4) years. Above one-third (34.7%) of the participants had a health-related profession. Majority (79.7%) of the respondents attended degree and above education. Overall, above half (55.9%) of the study participants had good knowledge about COVID-19. About 55.3% and 57.8% had good knowledge regarding symptoms and prevention methods of COVID-19, respectively. Overall, above half (54%) of the respondents had good COVID-19 preventive practice. Being female [Adjusted Odds Ratio (Adjusted Odds Ratio): 2.00; 95%CI (1.14, 3.50)], higher age (aged 33-37 years [AOR: 1.98; 95%CI (1.01, 3.87)] and 38-72 years [AOR: 2.60; 95%CI (1.33, 5.10)]), good knowledge of symptoms [AOR: 2.82; 95%CI (1.85, 4.31)], good knowledge of prevention methods [AOR: 4.55; 95%CI (2.92, 7.10)], having sufficient knowhow to protect self [AOR: 1.83; 95%CI (1.14, 2.96)] and belief of presence of re-infection [AOR: 1.86; 95%CI (1.03, 3.38)] were significantly associated with COVID-19 preventive practices.Conclusion: The COVID-19 preventive practice is not sufficiently satisfactory among educated Ethiopians. Females, those with advanced age, those who believes presence of re-infection by COVID-19, those with good knowledge of symptoms, prevention methods, and self-protective knowhow had better preventive practice. Extensive public awareness raising focusing on young population and males is essential to fight further spread of the virus.

scholarly journals Individual preventive social distancing during an epidemic may have negative population-level outcomes

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (145) ◽  
pp. 20180296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ka Yin Leung ◽  
Frank Ball ◽  
David Sirl ◽  
Tom Britton
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Epidemic Size ◽  
Negative Effect

The outbreak of an infectious disease in a human population can lead to individuals responding with preventive measures in an attempt to avoid getting infected. This leads to changes in contact patterns. However, as we show in this paper, rational behaviour at the individual level, such as social distancing from infectious contacts, may not always be beneficial for the population as a whole. We use epidemic network models to demonstrate the potential negative consequences at the population level. We take into account the social structure of the population through several network models. As the epidemic evolves, susceptible individuals may distance themselves from their infectious contacts. Some individuals replace their lost social connections by seeking new ties. If social distancing occurs at a high rate at the beginning of an epidemic, then this can prevent an outbreak from occurring. However, we show that moderate social distancing can worsen the disease outcome, both in the initial phase of an outbreak and the final epidemic size. Moreover, the same negative effect can arise in real-world networks. Our results suggest that one needs to be careful when targeting behavioural changes as they could potentially worsen the epidemic outcome. Furthermore, network structure crucially influences the way that individual-level measures impact the epidemic at the population level. These findings highlight the importance of careful analysis of preventive measures in epidemic models.

scholarly journals The Association of Metabolic Syndrome and Urolithiasis

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yee V. Wong ◽  
Paul Cook ◽  
Bhaskar K. Somani
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Uric Acid Stone ◽  
Primary And Secondary Prevention ◽  
Core Components ◽  
Prevention Methods

There has been an increasing prevalence of kidney stones over the last 2 decades worldwide. Many studies have indicated a possible association between metabolic syndrome and kidney stone disease, particularly in overweight and obese patients. Many different definitions of metabolic syndrome have been suggested by various organizations, although the definition by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) is universally considered as the most acceptable definition. The IDF definition revolves around 4 core components: obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the pathophysiology of urolithiasis resulting from metabolic syndrome, amongst which are the insulin resistance and Randall’s plaque hypothesis. Similarly the pathophysiology of calcium and uric acid stone formation has been investigated to determine a connection between the two conditions. Studies have found many factors contributing to urolithiasis in patients suffering from metabolic syndrome, out of which obesity, overweight, and sedentary lifestyles have been identified as major etiological factors. Primary and secondary prevention methods therefore tend to revolve mainly around lifestyle improvements, including dietary and other preventive measures.

Analysis of Dark-Field Images of Disordered Materials

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 560-561
Author(s):  
J. M. Cowley
Keyword(s):  
Amorphous Materials ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Minimum Diameter ◽  
Statistical Fluctuations ◽  
Bright Spots ◽  
Sufficient Detail ◽  
Random Arrangement ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Imaging Conditions

Recently a number of authors have reported detail in dark-field images obtained from diffuse-scattering regions of electron diffraction patterns. Bright spots in images from short-range order diffuse peaks of disordered binary alloys have been interpreted as evidence for the existence of microdomains of ordered lattice or of segragated clusters of one component. Spotty contrast in dark field images of near-amorphous materials has been interpreted as evidence for the existense of microcrystals. Without a careful analysis of the imaging conditions such conclusions may be invalid. Usually the conditions of the experiment have not been specified in sufficient detail to allow evaluation of the conclusions.Elementary considerations show that even for a completely random arrangement of atoms the statistical fluctuations of density will give a spotty contrast with spots of minimum diameter determined by the dark field aperture size and other factors influencing the minimum resolvable distance under darkfield imaging conditions, including fluctuations and drift over long exposure times (resolution usually 10Å or more).

Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Steven L. Demeter
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Left Ventricular Mass Index ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Hypertensive Disease ◽  
Accurate Analysis ◽  
Clear Explanation

Abstract The fourth, fifth, and sixth editions of the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides) use left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) as a variable to determine impairment caused by hypertensive disease. The issue of LVH, as assessed echocardiographically, is a prime example of medical science being at odds with legal jurisprudence. Some legislatures have allowed any cause of LVH in a hypertensive individual to be an allowed manifestation of hypertensive changes. This situation has arisen because a physician can never say that no component of LVH was not caused by the hypertension, even in an individual with a cardiomyopathy or valvular disorder. This article recommends that evaluators consider three points: if the cause of the LVH is hypertension, is the examinee at maximum medical improvement; is the LVH caused by hypertension or another factor; and, if apportionment is allowed, then a careful analysis of the risk factors for other disorders associated with LVH is necessary. The left ventricular mass index should be present in the echocardiogram report and can guide the interpretation of the alleged LVH; if not present, it should be requested because it facilitates a more accurate analysis. Further, if the cause of the LVH is more likely independent of the hypertension, then careful reasoning and an explanation should be included in the impairment report. If hypertension is only a partial cause, a reasoned analysis and clear explanation of the apportionment are required.

Abstract #500: Osteoporosis Preventive Measures in Patients Receiving Glucocorticoids - are they Being Practiced?

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Nitika Malhotra ◽  
Reem Alnazawi ◽  
Ved Gossain ◽  
Matthew Hebdon
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures

Fatality of Suicide Attempts in Amsterdam 1996–2005

Crisis ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 180-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evertjan Jansen ◽  
Marcel C.A. Buster ◽  
Annemarie L. Zuur ◽  
Cees Das
Keyword(s):  
Health Service ◽  
Time Trends ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Demographic Differences ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Wish To Die ◽  
Municipal Health

Background: According to recent figures, Amsterdam is the municipality with the highest absolute number of suicides and the second highest suicide rate in the Netherlands. Aims: The aim of the study was to identify time trends and demographic differences in the occurrence of nonfatal suicide attempts versus suicides. Methods: We used registrations of forensic physicians and ambulance services of the Municipal Health Service of Amsterdam to study 1,004 suicides and 6,166 nonfatal attempts occurring in Amsterdam over the period 1996–2005. Results: The number of nonfatal attempts declined from 1996 to 2005, but the number of completed suicides remained relatively stable. Although case fatality was strongly associated with method used, we also found higher case fatalities for men and older people independent of method. Conclusions: The case fatality results suggest differences in motive among different demographic groups: possibly the wish to die is stronger among men and elderly. This finding had implications for the success to be expected from different preventive measures.

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