scholarly journals Technical, Regulatory and Economic Measures to Abate Vehicular Emissions in Urban Areas in Indian Context

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12S) ◽  
pp. 1096-1100
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Air Contamination ◽  
Particulate Pollution ◽  
Natural Emissions ◽  
Indian Setting ◽  
Total Discharge ◽  
Sound Condition

Air quality emergency in urban communities is mostly because of vehicular emanations. Transportation frameworks are expanding all over the place and the enhancements in innovation are deficient to neutralize development. Transport sections contribute a large offer to natural emissions (around 70 percent). One of these CO pollutants is the considerable emission from the part of the vehicle that contributes 90 percent of the total discharge. Next to CO are hydrocarbons. It is certainly surprising to see that the transport segment's contribution to particulate pollution is as small as 3.5 percent; most of the SPM is created as a result of residual re-suspension from which PM10 is the most visible air poison. NOx is another significant indicator of air quality. Each of these circumstances shows that air contamination is becoming a major issue in the Indian setting and that there is a fundamental need to develop sound condition and increase the level of research around the world. This investigation is a survey of an evaluation model of produced poisons and powerful techniques to reduce air contamination due to street transportation.

scholarly journals Impact of Vehicular Emissions on Environment in and Around Chennai City-Assessment and Control Measures

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12S) ◽  
pp. 1034-1038
Keyword(s):  
Urban Communities ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Contamination Control ◽  
Air Contamination ◽  
Pm 2.5 ◽  
Balance Development ◽  
Indian Setting ◽  
And Control ◽  
Chennai City

Abstract: Air quality emergency in urban areas is for the most part because of vehicular emanations. Transportation frameworks are expanding all over the place and the enhancements in innovation are deficient to balance development. Expanding urbanization, Industrialization and mechanization in India is answerable for more elevated levels of contamination. Engine vehicle discharges as of now include a significant wellspring of air contamination in Indian urban areas. They are evaluated to be liable for 60 to 70 % of the air contamination in the greater part of the urban communities. Engine vehicle emanations influences the wellbeing of all pay gatherings yet it's effect on the poor is essentially high because of their working and living in open places.In a large portion of the Indian urban areas, the contamination loads are far above satisfactory levels and Delhi has gained the questionable qualification of being the second most dirtied city on the planet and Chennai city is gradually approaching the second position alongside Delhi, in Indian setting, according to the report. Henceforth a reality discovering overview was led to survey the contamination worry in different areas of the Chennai city covering Residential, Industrial and Commercial territory. A portion of the key pollutants(PM 2.5 and PM10) are in abundance of allowed levels and the issues have arrived at undermining dimensions.To decrease the vehicular emanations, it is important to structure and actualize idiot proof procedures and to execute contamination control gauges adequately to control discharges

scholarly journals An Economic Evaluation of the Health Effects of Reducing Fine Particulate Pollution in Chinese Cities

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yana Jin ◽  
Shiqiu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Mortality Reduction ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Particulate Pollution ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Welfare Implications

Fine particulate pollution (PM2.5) is a leading mortality risk factor in the People's Republic of China (PRC) and many Asian countries. Current studies of PM2.5 mortality have been conducted at the national and provincial levels, or at the grid-based micro level, and report only the exposure index or attributable premature deaths. Little is known about the welfare implications of PM2.5 mortality for urban areas. In this study, we estimate the total cost of PM2.5 mortality, the benefit of its reduction achieved through meeting various air quality targets, and the benefit of mortality reduction achieved through a uniform 10 micrograms per cubic meter decrease in PM2.5 concentration in the urban areas of 300 major cities in the PRC. Significant heterogeneity exists in welfare indicators across rich versus poor and clean versus dirty cities. The results indicate that cities in the PRC should accelerate the fine particulate pollution control process and implement more stringent air quality targets to achieve much greater mortality reduction benefits.

scholarly journals Air Quality Prediction by Machine Learning

2021 ◽  
pp. 486-492
Author(s):  
Ritik Sharma ◽  
Gaurav Shilimkar ◽  
Shivam Pisal
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Quality Prediction ◽  
Air Contamination ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Air Quality Prediction ◽  
Future Information

The air quality observing framework estimates different air toxins in different areas to keep up great air quality. It is the consuming issue in the current situation. Air is defiled by the appearance of risky gases into the environment from the enterprises, vehicular outflows, and so forth These days, air contamination has arrived at basic levels and the air contamination level in many significant urban areas has crossed the air quality list esteem as set by the public authority. It significantly affects the soundness of the human. With the headway in innovation of ML, it is currently conceivable to anticipate the poisons dependent on the past information. In this paper we are presenting a gadget that can proceed with that can take present poisons and with the assistance of past toxins, we are running a calculation dependent on the ML to anticipate the future information of contaminations. The detected information is saved inside the Excel sheet for additional assessment. These sensors are utilized on the Arduino Uno stage to gather the contamination information.

scholarly journals Evaluation of MODIS-Retrieved Aerosol Optical Depth in Alaska: Implications for Surface Air Quality Applications

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyson McPhetres ◽  
Srijan Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Aerosol Optical Depth ◽  
Optical Depth ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Modis Data ◽  
Particulate Pollution ◽  
Modis Aod ◽  
Pollution Concentrations

The air quality monitoring network in Alaska is currently limited to ground-based observations in urban areas and national parks leaving a large proportion of the state unmonitored. The use of MODIS aerosol optical depth (AOD) to estimate ground-level particulate pollution concentrations has been successfully demonstrated around the world, and could potentially be used in Alaska. In this work, MODIS AOD measurements at 550 nm were validated against AOD derived from AERONET ground-based sunphotometers in Barrow and Bonanza Creek to determine if MODIS AOD from the Terra and Aqua satellites could be used to estimate ground-level particulate pollution concentrations. The MODIS AOD was obtained from MODIS collection 6 using the dark target Land and Ocean algorithms from 2000 to 2014. MODIS data could only be obtained between the months of April and October; therefore, it could only be validated for those months. Individual and combined Terra and Aqua MODIS data were considered. The results showed that MODIS collection 6 products at 10 km resolution for Terra and Aqua combined are not valid over land but are valid over the ocean. On the other hand, the individual Terra and Aqua MODIS collection 6 AOD products at 10 km resolution are valid over land individually but not when combined. Results also suggest the MODIS collection 6 AOD products at 3 km resolution are valid over land and ocean and perform better over land than the 10-km product. These findings indicate that MODIS collection 6 AOD products can be used quantitatively in air quality applications in Alaska during the summer months.

scholarly journals Air Quality Monitoring System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Vijay Kumar ◽  
K. Kiran Kumar ◽  
Bravara Manohar ◽  
Chintha Venkatesh ◽  
Shaik Chand Basha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Personal Life ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Air Contamination ◽  
Day By Day ◽  
Observing Techniques

Safeguarding and checking of air quality has becoming a most important practice in various modern and metropolitan zones now a days. The behaviour of air is unfavourably influenced by various types of contamination that we get by the transportation in production of power, natural resources utilizes and so for the emission of different poisonous gases is making a major danger for the personal life in various urban communities. The contamination of air is getting expanded day by day. Our main task is to provide a effective air contamination prediction observing techniques by which we can gather the data about infectious or poisonous gases present in every zone and gives us an idea of air contamination in each zone. Therefore, air quality measuring has become amongst important technique. The shape of air is influenced by multi-dimensional elements contains of area, time and unsure factors. As of now, various specialists get started to use the very large information investigation methodology because of various ways in large information applications and using the resources of nature detecting organisations and information sensed by sensor. The examination researches different various information and air quality evaluation methods using artificial intelligence methods. Moreover, it identifies and predict the future explanation needs.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of MODIS-Retrieved Aerosol Optical Depth over AERONET Sites in Alaska

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyson McPhetres ◽  
Srijan Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Aerosol Optical Depth ◽  
Optical Depth ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Modis Data ◽  
Particulate Pollution ◽  
Modis Aod ◽  
Pollution Concentrations

The air quality monitoring network in Alaska is currently limited to ground-based observations in urban areas and national parks, leaving a large proportion of the state unmonitored. The use of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer MODIS aerosol optical depth (AOD) to estimate ground-level particulate pollution concentrations has been successfully demonstrated around the world and could potentially be used in Alaska. In this work, MODIS AOD measurements at 550 nm were validated against AOD derived from two ground-based Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) sunphotometers in Alaska, located at Utqiagvik (previously known as Barrow) and Bonanza Creek, to determine if MODIS AOD from the Terra and Aqua satellites could be used to estimate ground-level particulate pollution concentrations. The MODIS AOD was obtained from MODIS collection 6 using the dark target Land and Ocean algorithms from years 2000 to 2014. MODIS data could only be obtained between the months of April and October; therefore, it was only evaluated for those months. Individual and combined Terra and Aqua MODIS data were considered. The results showed that MODIS collection 6 products at 10-km resolution for Terra and Aqua combined are not valid over land but are valid over the ocean. Note that the individual Terra and Aqua MODIS collection 6 AOD products at 10-km resolution are valid over land individually but not when combined. Results also suggest the MODIS collection 6 AOD products at 3-km resolution are valid over land and ocean and perform better over land than the 10-km product. These findings indicate that MODIS collection 6 AOD products can be used quantitatively in air quality applications in Alaska during the summer months.

The effect of lockdown on the outcomes of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1792-1797
Author(s):  
Kuldip Yawale
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Air Contamination ◽  
Pm10 And Pm2.5 ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Current Article

In the midst of the Coronavirus pandemic, a cross country lockdown is forced in India at first for three weeks from 24th Walk to fourteenth April 2020 and reached out up to third May 2020. Because of the constrained limitations, contamination level in urban areas the nation over radically hindered just inside a couple of days which polarize conversations with respect to lockdown to be the strong elective measures to be actualized for controlling air contamination. The current article, in the long run, chipped away at this heading to view the air quality situation in the midst of the lockdown time frame logically with uncommon reference to the megacity Delhi. With the guide of air quality information of seven toxin boundaries (PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, CO, O3 and NH3) for 34 checking stations spread over the megacity, we have utilized Public Air Quality File (NAQI) to show the spatial example of air quality in pre and during-lockdown stages. The outcomes showed that during lockdown air quality is fundamentally improved. Among the chose toxins, centralizations of PM10 and PM2.5 have seen the greatest decrease (>50%) in contrast with the pre-lockdown stage. In contrast with the most recent year (for example 2019) during the said time span, the decrease of PM10 and PM2.5 is as high as about 60% and 39% separately. Among different toxins, NO2 (−52.68%) and CO (−30.35%) level have likewise decreased during-lockdown stage. About 40% to half improvement in air quality is distinguished soon after four days of starting lockdown. About 54%, 49%, 43%, 37% and 31% decrease in NAQI have been seen in Focal, Eastern, Southern, Western and Northern pieces of the megacity. Generally, the investigation is believed to be a valuable enhancement to the administrative bodies since it indicated the contamination source control could constrict the air quality. Brief such source control in an appropriate time span may recuperate the climate.

The Application of Organic Plant Media Composition on Indian Mustard Crops (Brassica Juncea L) in Polybag

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Nora Augustien ◽  
Pawana Nur Indah ◽  
Purnawati Arika ◽  
Irsyad Irsyad ◽  
Hadi Suhardjono
Keyword(s):  
Urban Communities ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Mustard Plant ◽  
Soil Media ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
The Right

Indian mustard plants are the main vegetable crops consumed by urban communities. The need for this vegetable increases along with the increase in culinary tourism in each region and the government's appeal on sustainable food home. One effort made to meet the needs of vegetable mustard in urban areas can be cultivated using polybags. The main problem of vegetable cultivation on polybags is the availability of soil media. To overcome the limitations of soil media it is attempted to substitute it with organic litter enriched with MOL (local microorganisms). The purpose of research is to find the right combination of planting media for mustard plants. The results showed that the composition of K7 = soil: compost: litter of hay: litter of maize (2: 1: 1: 1) best on plant length, number of leaves, length of root leaves and number of roots while the wet weight of mustard plant (g) K7 = soil: compost: litter of maize: litter of corn (2: 1: 1: 1) and K8 = soil: compost: litter of maize: litter of maize: cocopeat (2: 1: 1: 1: 1) or soil: compost + urea. Increased weights of wet mustard by 63% compared to soil media and 20% compared to soil composition: compost + urea. Organic straw in the form of straw: litter of corn stalk: cocopeat enriched with MOL are able to become ready-made planting media on the cultivation of indian mustard plants in polybags.

Comparison of two air sampling methods to monitor operating room air quality and assessment of air quality in two operating rooms with different ventilation systems in the national hospital of Sri Lanka

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tshokey Tshokey ◽  
Pranitha Somaratne ◽  
Suneth Agampodi
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Operating Room ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
National Hospital ◽  
Air Contamination ◽  
Acceptable Method ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Laminar Air Flow

Air contamination in the operating room (OR) is an important contributor for surgical site infections. Air quality should be assessed during microbiological commissioning of new ORs and as required thereafter. Despite many modern methods of sampling air, developing countries mostly depended on conventional methods. This was studied in two ORs of the National Hospital of Sri Lanka (NHSL) with different ventilation system; a conventional ventilation (CV) and a laminar air flow (LAF). Both ORs were sampled simultaneously by two different methods, the settle plate and sampler when empty and during use for a defined time period. Laboratory work was done in the Medical Research Institute. The two methods of sampling showed moderate but highly significant correlation. The OR with CV was significantly more contaminated than LAF when empty as well as during use by both methods. Overall, the difference in contamination was more significant when sampled by the sampler. Differences in contamination in empty and in-use ORs were significant in both ORs, but significance is less in LAF rooms. The consistent and significant correlation between settle plate and sampler showed that the settle plate is an acceptable method. The LAF theatre showed less contamination while empty and during use as expected. Air contamination differences were more significant when sampled with sampler indicating that it is a more sensitive method. Both CV and LAF ORs of the NHSL did not meet the contamination standards for empty theatres but met the standards for in-use indicating that the theatre etiquette was acceptable.

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