scholarly journals A Non-parametric Estimation for Efficacy of Government Expenditure on Secondary Education

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 30-38
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Education ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Parametric Estimation ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Scale Efficiency ◽  
The Government ◽  
Low Efficiency

The paper is aimed to analyse the efficacy of government expenditure on secondary education in Purulia district of West- Bengal, India. Efficacy relates the input or the output to the final objectives of the analysis to be achieved, i.e. the outcome. Education facility is mainly a mixed good which is partly excludable and partly rivalry. India has been suffering from poverty and illiteracy problem for decades. Illiteracy and low level of education is a factor for widespread poverty in India. Among the education system, secondary education plays a crucial role to enhance the human development level which ultimately contributes in development process. So, government should give emphasis on secondary education and it should be concerned about the efficacy of the government expenditure on secondary education. As in the present scenario, the structural adjustment policy (SAP) leads to some sort of cut back on expenditure on education. This study first calculates the technical efficiency as well as the scale efficiency of government expenditure on secondary education of school using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), then categorize the schools into low, moderate and high according to the value of technical efficiency and scale efficiency based on three models (i) considering all inputs (Teacher Student Ratio, Expenditure per Student, % of Students belong to SC, % of Students belong to ST, % of Students belong to OBC, % of Teacher with Professional Qualification, Student- Classroom Ratio, % of Girl’s Student Enrolment) (ii) considering prime two inputs (Student-Teacher Ratio and Expenditure per Student) and (iii) considering only one input (Expenditure per Student) and try to find out the reason of differences in efficiency. The common set of schools from High, Moderate and Low efficiency schools considering above said three models are further analysed with the primary data collected from the student sets to analyse whether the school efficiency affect the student’s individual performance or not with the help of regression analysis.

ANALYSIS OF COMPETITIVENESS OF THE TOURISM SECTOR EAST JAVA PROVINCE (A TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY & CONVERGENCE APPROACH)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 294-304
Author(s):  
Suparno Suparno
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Productive Efficiency ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Low Efficiency

This research analysis of tourism competitiveness is based on the very high disparity problem in the condition of the tourism sector in East Java Province. With a sample of 10 districts / cities and using investment data, tourist visits, population, government spending and tourism sector PDRB, it is produced that investment and tourist visits have a positive but not significant effect on tourism sector PDRB because due to the probability > 0.05. While the population and government expenditure have a positive and significant effect on the tourism sector PDRB due to the probability < 0.05. Fixed effect models that are formed are:PSP = 39485712 + 0.018 INV + 0.389 TOURIST + 22.304 POP + 0.065 GEX + e               To measure tourism competitiveness, it is used with technical efficiency and total factor productivity where it is produced: Sidoarjo Regency, Malang City and Surabaya City are regencies / cities that have the highest level of technical efficiency with a value of 100% technical efficiency. Whereas with the calculation of total factor productivity in Gresik Regency (21,350), Jember Regency (16,543) and Kediri Regency (15,650) are regencies / cities that have the highest productivity. Based on the calculation of technical efficiency and total factor productivity results are obtainedL1) High efficiency and productive, Jember Regency; (2) High efficiency and less productive, Sidoarjo Regency, Malang City and Surabaya City; (3) Low and productive efficiency, Kediri Regency, Lamongan Regency and Gresik Regency; and (4) Low efficiency and less productive, Banyuwangi Regency, Pasuruan Regency and Pasuruan City.               The spillover effect occurs in Pasuruan City, where the economy of Pasuruan City is affected by investments from Sidoarjo Regency and Surabaya City as indicated by the significance level of 0.051 Surabaya City investment and 0.048 for Sidoarjo Regency investment which means smaller and equal to 0.05.               The calculation of convergence shows that the average convergence of regencies / cities in East Java to leader regions over 15 years and 5 months means that districts / cities need an average of 15 years and 5 months to match the conditions of tourism in the city of Surabaya.

scholarly journals Analysis of Efficiency of Government Expenditure In Health Sector in Central Java Province in 2012-2014

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-39
Author(s):  
Eka Dian Puspitasari ◽  
Amin Pujiati
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Health Budget ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Dea Method ◽  
The Government ◽  
Central Java Province

Health is one of the important factors in the success of the economic development in a country. The Government has managed the health budgets of at least ten percent of the total of the available local government budget. However, the amount of health budget has not been balanced yet by the optimal achievement of health status. This research aims at analyzing the technical efficiency level of the expenditure cost and the health service system and the target of improvement in order to achieve the efficiency in Central Java province in 2012-2014. This research uses Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method that will yield a relative efficiency value. The research uses health budget as the input variable, uses facilities and health services as the intermediate output variable, and uses the health status as the outcome variable. The assumption used is: Variable Return to Scale (VRS) and the output oriented model. The results of research that use the DEA method show that with the cost technical efficiency there are only five regencies/cities (14.3%) that have achieved an efficiency of 100 percent. While with the system technical efficiency there are only eleven regencies/cities (31.4%) that have achieved an efficient condition. This means, most regencies/cities in Central Java Province have not still efficient yet in the use of expenditure of health sector budget.

scholarly journals Efficiency of Micro and Small Enterprises in Ethiopia: Evidence from Data Envelope Analysis Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abebe Birhanu Ayele
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Scale Efficiency ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Micro And Small Enterprises ◽  
The Government ◽  
Constant Returns To Scale

This study measures the technical and scale efficiency of Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) and input slacks using Data Envelop Analysis (DEA) model and identifies the determinants of efficiencies of MSEs by employing ordinary least square (OLS) econometrics model. A sample of 375 randomly selected MESs are included in the study. The study found that the average technical and scale efficiency of MSEs are relatively low; technical efficiency averaged at 30 percent and 38.4 percent under constant returns to scale (CRS) and variable returns to scale (VRS) assumptions, respectively. Besides, the overall average scale efficiency score of MSEs was estimated at 77.8 percent. The highest mean technical and scale efficiencies were registered in the construction (71.8 percent) and manufacturing (85.7 percent) sectors, respectively. Whereas, the lowest technical and scale efficiency goes to urban agriculture sector and service sector, with 38.9 percent and 67.2 percent, respectively. The level of inputs, enterprise age and sector, human capital, labor productivity variables significantly affect relative technical efficiency level of MSEs with different directions while variables such as start-up capital, gender of the enterprise manager and availability of support from the government identified statistically not significant in determining the MSEs&rsquo; technical efficiency.

Usage Efficiency of Financial Poverty Alleviation Funds: An Empirical Analysis of China’s Eastern Rural Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 5622-5632
Author(s):  
Gao Yang ◽  
Wei Wei
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Efficiency Analysis ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
Investment Model ◽  
Scale Efficiency ◽  
Overall Efficiency ◽  
The Government

Objective: The focus in this study is on how to improve the disharmony between the financial poverty alleviation investment model and the economic development efficiency. Methods: In this paper, based on the efficiency measurement principle of DEA method, an input-output model for evaluating the performance of poverty alleviation funds in counties of Shandong Province is constructed. Then, the data published by the government of 30 poverty-stricken counties in Shandong Province are selected and usedto measure the performance of poverty alleviation funds by Frontier Analyst 4.0 software according to indicators, including comprehensive efficiency analysis (CCR model), pure technical efficiency analysis (BCC model) and scale efficiency analysis (SE model). Results: (1) The average comprehensive efficiency of the use of financial poverty alleviation funds in 30 poverty-stricken counties in Shandong Province is 0.7898, of which 16 values are lower than the average;(2) Among the 30 poverty-stricken counties, the pure technical efficiency of poverty alleviation funds in 15 counties is 1, and the average value of pure technical efficiency is 0.9670, while the pure technical efficiency of poverty alleviation funds in 10 counties is lower than the average level; (3) From the perspective of average scale efficiency, the average scale efficiency of the use of financial poverty alleviation funds in 30 poverty-stricken counties involved in the study is 0.8168, and the use of poverty alleviation funds in more than half of counties shows increasing returns on scale. Conclusion: In poverty-stricken counties, the overall efficiency of the use of financial poverty alleviation funds is not high, among which the pure technical performance of input and output of financial poverty alleviation funds is relatively low. Therefore, under the same investment, more detailed and differentiated capital investment projects should be built to improve the efficiency of resource investment. For some counties with declining returns to scale, poverty alleviation projects with different characteristics can be added to improve the overall efficiency of poverty alleviation funds in counties.

EFFICIENCY OF IRRIGATED AND RAIN-FED RICE (ORYZA SATIVA) PRODUCERS IN FADAMA AGRICULTURE, NIGERIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (04) ◽  
pp. 597-609
Author(s):  
PATIENCE IFEYINWA OPATA ◽  
NOBLE JACKSON NWEZE ◽  
ADAKU BRIGET EZEIBE ◽  
MAMUN MALLAM
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Likert Scale ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Net Income ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Government

SUMMARYGiven the importance of irrigation for rice production, this study compared the technical efficiency of irrigated and rain-fed rice (Oryza sativa) farms in the Upper Niger River Basin and Rural Development Authority (UNRBDA), Nigeria. Primary data were collected from 300 irrigators and 325 rain-fed rice producers. Applying the stochastic frontier Cobb–Douglas production function, net income analysis and Likert scale rating techniques, the study found that irrigated scheme increased marginal factor productivity and profitability. The study revealed the existence of large technical inefficiency in rain-fed farms when compared with irrigated farms. This suggests that there is room for output gains through technical efficiency improvement in the rain-fed system. The mean value of the marginal physical product of inputs (VMPPX) in the irrigated farms (₦2.32) was more than that of rain-fed farm (₦1.67). Thus, if the average producers in the rain-fed are to achieve the technical efficiency level of the average producer in the irrigated farms, they can realize 38% output gains. Similarly, the mean net farm income (NFI) of ₦62,280.00 per ha in the irrigated farm was more than double of that of rain-fed farms ₦22,391.00. The partial regression coefficients for the individual production factors (β1) and (β3) for labour input (X1) and other variable inputs (X3), respectively, were positive and significant at 1% level, suggesting that the partial elasticity of crop output with respect to labour and other costs was higher in the irrigated farms than in the rain-fed farms. The Likert scale rating techniques showed that the poor knowledge of irrigation techniques, insufficient water for irrigation during the dry season, high cost of labour and lack of access to credit were the critical constraints preventing the rain-fed rice producer from joining the irrigation scheme. In view of this, rice irrigators should be encouraged to train more rain-fed farmers on some rudiments of irrigation techniques. They should also be linked to the sources of finance. Water Users Association (WUA) should be established in communities within the scheme areas for effective communication between farmers and the officials of the UNRBDA. Decision on the allocation of resources to Fadama sites including water should be given to WUA to strengthen the membership of the organization, while the government officials serve as supervisory and advisory body.

scholarly journals Economic Development, Foreign Aid and Poverty Reduction: Paradigm in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Malachy AUgbaka ◽  
Abayomi Awujola ◽  
Tatiana Shcherbyna
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Capital Formation ◽  
Direct Production ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Government

Foreign aid supplements internal resources required for economic development and growth in less developed countries (LDCs). Foreign inflows have bolstered a number of economic recuperation, reconstruction efforts and structural adjustment programs organized to haul the Africa economy out of a precarious decay. Discussions of foreign aid have concentrated on Africa since it has gotten the best measure of help on per capita premise than some other area; yet economic performance has been the weakest. In any case, economic development, foreign aid and poverty reduction has not enjoyed such interest in literature as it is ordinarily subsumed. This paper tries to build up a model between economic development, foreign aid and poverty reduction and decide if there is even a nexus between these three ideas by analyzing data from Nigeria. Utilized time series secondary data from World Development Indicators (WDI) mulling over Nigeria for the period which data were accessible. The study went on to perform correlation and regression analysis using GNP per capita as proxy for economic development as the dependent variable and poverty headcount(proxy for poverty reduction), gross capital formation, foreign aid, GDP per capita growth, inflation rate and growth of government expenditure as independent variables. It was observed that only gross capital formation have statistically significant relationship with GNP per capita while growth of government expenditure has the effect on GNP per capita. The results reveal that there is a positive relationship between economic development, foreign aid and poverty reduction. This implies foreign aid promotes economic development and poverty elimination. The government has a responsibility to battle against poverty and its efforts at predictable strategic economic development are significant in poverty reduction by spending the aid money for direct production programs. Keywords: foreign aid, economic development, poverty reduction.

scholarly journals FINANCING FOR SECONDARY SCHOOL EDUCATION: EVIDENCE FROM BHAKTAPUR DISTRICT OF NEPAL

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Narendra Katuwal ◽  
Puspa Lal Pokharel ◽  
Basudeb Khanal
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Secondary Education ◽  
Private School ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cost Rate ◽  
Government Fund ◽  
Student Enrolment ◽  
The Government ◽  
Tuition Fee

It is a common problem almost throughout the world that secondary education institutions are financially bottlenecked, thus, being compelled financially to manage themselves from their own sources and resources. This study aims to assess the overall status of secondary schooling in terms of financing and cost by exploring the (re) sources and trends of financing to secondary education in Bhaktapur district of Nepal. Lined with the objective, a questionnaire was administered to collect the primary data. Both public or government-aided and private secondary schools making a total of 12.6 percent of the population were selected on the simple random basis for the survey. The comparison established that although the public schools were government-aided, the per-unit cost rate was much higher for them than for the private ones mainly because of the decreasing student enrolment rates at the former case but increasing student enrolment rates at the latter. It was also found that the total expenditure of the schools was primarily dominated by recurrent expenditure- below 79 percent and 89 percent respectively. It was also found that 20.5 percent of the expenditure was covered by the regular tuition fee in the former case whereas 99 percent of it was covered by the regular tuition fee in the latter case. Based on the findings, it has been recommended that, since the government fund alone would not be adequate to support the growing requirement of quality schooling, the institutions should seek the ways of promoting cost-sharing with the local government, communities and NGOs as partners. KEYWORDS- private school, Public school, recurrent expenditure, secondary education,

scholarly journals Analysis of the Efficiency of China’s Medical Service Resources under the Background of Hierarchical Medical Policy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaomin Wang ◽  
Qunshan Tao
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Medical Service ◽  
Malmquist Index ◽  
Scale Efficiency ◽  
Medical Resources ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Implementation Effect ◽  
The Government ◽  
Good Policy ◽  
Medical Policy

Background: Hierarchical medical system (HMS) is a good policy to promote the fairness of medical services for residents. Given the importance of HMS, it is necessary to know the implementation effect of the policy. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the efficiency of medical service resources in China under the background of hierarchical medical policy. Methods: Based on the panel data of China's medical resources in 2015-2019, we used DEA model to calculate the technical efficiency (TE), pure technical efficiency (PTE) and scale efficiency (SE) of medical resources from both lateral and longitudinal aspects. We used Malmquist index to evaluate the change trend of efficiency, and further we compared the efficiency differences of regions and medical institutions. Results: In lateral evaluation results, TE was relatively stable, while total factor productivity (TFP) was on the rise. In longitudinal evaluation results, TE and TFP showed a downward trend. Conclusion: The government should consider the differences in development between regions and make health plans by regions. Medical institutions should strive to break down the constraints and make use of their advantages, which is conducive to improving efficiency.

scholarly journals Study on Urban Efficiency Measurement and Spatiotemporal Evolution of Cities in Northwest China Based on the DEA–Malmquist Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Yin ◽  
Qingmei Tan
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Scale Efficiency ◽  
Spatiotemporal Evolution ◽  
Capital Cities ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Constant Returns To Scale

Urban efficiency can effectively measure the management and allocation level of urban factor inputs. Based on the data of 30 prefecture-level cities in Northwest China from 2006 to 2015, urban efficiency is measured by data envelopment analysis (DEA). Then the spatiotemporal evolution rule is identified by Malmquist model. The results illustrate that the overall average urban efficiency of cities in Northwest China each year from 2006 to 2015 was at the low level. Only Jiayuguan, Yulin, Yan’an, and Karamay reached the high average urban efficiency, while Dingxi, Pingliang, Guyuan, Shangluo, Tianshui, Longnan, and Baiyin were at the inefficient level. Most cities in Northwest China were still in the “growing” stage of increasing returns to scale. The scale of urban investment was relatively insufficient, and economies of scale had not yet formed. Cities with decreasing returns to scale were mainly distributed in the capital cities and the central and sub-central cities of Guanzhong-Tianshui Economic Zone with relatively abundant urban resources and capital. Cities with constant returns to scale were mainly distributed in four cities including Yan’an, Yulin, Jiayuguan, and Karamay with high efficiency. The overall comprehensive efficiency, technical efficiency, and scale efficiency of cities in Northwest China were not only low, but also showing a downward trend. The overall progress of urban technology had failed to make up for the shortfall caused by low efficiency, resulting in total factor productivity (TFP) decreasing by 0.5%. Therefore, the cities in Northwest China should continuously improve their technical efficiency and scale efficiency, and ultimately enhance the comprehensive efficiency.

scholarly journals Sebaran Efisiensi Teknis Berdasarkan Sumber Inefisiensi pada Usahatani Jagung Di Kabupaten Kendal, Jawa Tengah Distribution of Technical Efficiency Based on Source of Inefficiency in Maize Farming in Kendal District, Central Java

JURNAL PANGAN ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-134
Author(s):  
Dewi Sahara ◽  
Elly Kurniaty ◽  
Seno Basuki ◽  
Agus Hermawan
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Exchange Programs ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Physical Abilities ◽  
Low Efficiency

Abstrak       Kabupaten Kendal merupakan salah satu sentra produksi jagung di Provinsi Jawa Tengah dengan produktivitas yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan produktivitas provinsi.  Produktivitas tersebut diperoleh petani melalui penggunaan input produksi secara efisien. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaan teknologi usahatani jagung, mengetahui efisiensi dan sumber inefisiensi serta penyebaran efisiensi berdasarkan sumber-sumber inefisiensi.  Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Wirosari, Kecamatan Patean, Kabupaten Kendal pada bulan Agustus – November 2018.  Penelitian menggunakan data primer yang diperoleh melalui metode survey pada 30 petani responden. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan fungsi produksi stochastic frontier.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efisiensi teknis usahatani jagung masih rendah dengan rata-rata 0,57.  Rendahnya efisiensi ini disebabkan oleh umur dan pendidikan petani, serta pengalaman usahatani.  Dengan bertambahnya pengalaman usahatani, umur petani semakin bertambah sehingga efisiensi semakin berkurang karena kemampuan fisik petani semakin berkurang. Disamping dua faktor tersebut, pendidikan yang tinggi justru menjadi penyebab terjadinya inefisiensi usahatani. Oleh karena itu untuk meningkatkan efisiensi usahatani perlu upaya untuk meningkatkan daya tarik di sektor pertanian, antara lain berupa fasilitasi teknologi digital hingga ke pedesaan dan program pertukaran pemuda tani. kata kunci: efisiensi, jagung, sumber inefisiensi, sector pertanian Abstract       Kendal District is one of the maize production centers in Central Java Province with higher productivity than provincial productivity.  These productivity is obtained by farmers by using production inputs efficiently.  This study aimed to determine the performance of maize farming technology, to know the efficiency and sources of inefficiency, and to spread efficiency based on sources of inefficiency.  The study was conducted in Wirosari Village, Patean Subdistrict, Kendal District in August – November 2019.  Primary data was collected through survey method by interviewing 30 respondents.  The data was analyzed  by the stochastic frontier production function.  The results showed that the technical efficiency of maize farming was still low which was 0.57.  The low efficiency was caused by the age, education, and  of farming experience of farmer.  With the increase in farming experience, the age of farmers is increasing so that efficiency decreases because farmers' physical abilities diminish. Therefore, to improve farming efficiency, efforts need to be made to increase attractiveness in the agricultural sector, including facilitation of digital technology to the countryside and youth farmer exchange programs. keywords: efficiency, maize, inefficiency sources, agricultural sector

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