De-Inking of ONP Paper by using Different Surfactants: in Dissolved Air Flotation Process

Meeting the demand of paper and paper product requirement and at the same time decreasing the availability of fibrous raw materials, keeping an eye on cost effectiveness is challenging. Thus, recycling of paper is an alternative. Corrugated box, old newspapers and office waste papers are the sources of raw materials for paper and paper product industries. Deinking is an important step for recycling of old waste writing, printing and newsprint papers. The efficiency of ink separation in the process of waste paper recycling depends on the ink properties, kind of the additives, surfactants used, age of waste papers, the printing techniques and printing conditions. In general, deinking process consumes a large amount of chemicals which makes this method expensive, pollution intensive and even quality is compromised. In this study the effectiveness of surfactants like benzene dodecyl sulphonate, lauryl benzene sulphonate and sodium carbonate for cost effective deinking process by optimizing the chemical doses has been studied. The physical strength and optical properties of the paper after deinking was also explored. The surfactant better for both physical strength properties and optical properties of paper is identified to be the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate.

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Study on microcrystalline cellulose/chitosan blend foam gel material

Science and Engineering of Composite Materials ◽

10.1515/secm-2020-0047 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 424-432

Author(s):

Hongkai Zhao ◽

Kehan Zhang ◽

Shoupeng Rui ◽

Peipei Zhao

Keyword(s):

Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Pore Space ◽

Sodium Dodecyl ◽

Cost Effective ◽

High Water ◽

Aldehyde Group ◽

Sem Analysis ◽

Present Contribution ◽

Bet Analysis

AbstractIn the present contribution, an environmental-friendly and cost-effective adsorbent was reported for soil treatment and desertification control. A novel foam gel material was synthesized here by the physical foaming in the absence of catalyst. By adopting modified microcrystalline cellulose and chitosan as raw materials and sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS) as foaming agent, a microcrystalline cellulose/chitosan blend foam gel was synthesized. It is expected to replace polymers derived from petroleum for agricultural applications. In addition, a systematical study was conducted on the adsorbability, water holding capacity and re-expansion performance of foam gel in deionized water and brine under different SDS concentrations (2%–5%) as well as adsorption time. To be specific, the adsorption capacity of foam gel was up to 105g/g in distilled water and 54g/g in brine, indicating a high water absorption performance. As revealed from the results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, both the amino group of chitosan and the aldehyde group modified by cellulose were involved. According to the results of Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis, the foam gel was found to exhibit an interconnected pore network with uniform pore space. As suggested by Bet analysis, the macroporous structure was formed in the sample, and the pore size ranged from 0 to 170nm. The mentioned findings demonstrated that the foam gel material of this study refers to a potential environmental absorbent to improve soil and desert environments. It can act as a powerful alternative to conventional petroleum derived polymers.

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Cost Effective Secondary Clarification of UASB Reactor Effluent with the Biothane Dissolved Air Flotation Process at a Juice Manufacturing Plant

Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation ◽

10.2175/193864700784608739 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 2000 (12) ◽

pp. 765-776

Author(s):

L. D. le Roux ◽

B.V. Bowers ◽

J. Lanting

Keyword(s):

Cost Effective ◽

Uasb Reactor ◽

Manufacturing Plant ◽

Dissolved Air Flotation ◽

Flotation Process ◽

Air Flotation ◽

Dissolved Air

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Bio-pulping: An energy saving and environment-friendly approach

Physical Sciences Reviews ◽

10.1515/psr-2019-0043 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (10) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Amit Kumar ◽

Archana Gautam ◽

Dharm Dutt

Keyword(s):

Energy Saving ◽

Raw Materials ◽

White Rot Fungi ◽

Ligninolytic Enzymes ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Raw Material ◽

White Rot ◽

Environment Friendly ◽

Fungal Pretreatment

AbstractPretreatment of wood or other raw material with white-rot fungi (WRF) prior to pulping is known as biopulping. Lignin and hemicelluloses are removed selectively during early growth of WRF that produces enriched cellulose, known as selective delignification. Biopulping is considered as environment-friendly and cost-effective approach for delignification of lignocellulosic raw materials. The delignification efficiency of WRF during biopulping is directly related to ligninolytic enzymes production that is influence by several factors such as fungal strain, nature of raw material, oxygen availability, moisture content, pH, temperature, source of nitrogen, presence of Mn++ and Cu++ ions. The WRF, especially Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, Trametes versicolor and Phanerochaete chrysosporium, have been used dominantly for the purpose of biopulping. It is an energy saving process that also improves brightness of pulp and strength properties including tensile index, burst index and folding endurance of paper. Significant decrease in kappa number has also been attained by fungal pretreatment of raw materials. Biological pretreatment of raw material also reduces the requirement of pulping chemicals.

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Selection of filler particle size for maximizing the critical properties of cellulosic paper by filler pre-flocculation

Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal ◽

10.1515/npprj-2018-0044 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 603-609 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shunxi Song ◽

Jiantao Liang ◽

Lin Li ◽

Meiyun Zhang ◽

Jingyi Nie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Optical Properties ◽

Light Scattering ◽

Filler Particle ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽

Physical Strength ◽

Floc Size ◽

Filler Particle Size ◽

Selection Of

AbstractFiller pre-flocculation has been extensively studied in the past to increase filler content while maintaining the physical strength properties of paper. However, optical properties of paper could be negatively affected due to the filler pre-flocculation. In this work, two kinds of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) fillers with different particle sizes, namely PCC1 (4.2 μm) and PCC2 (7.7 μm), were used to investigate the effects of filler pre-flocculation on the strength and optical properties of paper. Results showed that pre-flocculated fillers with smaller particle size (PCC1) could improve the tensile strength of handsheets more effectively, since the tensile index was increased by 22.9 %. Meanwhile, for a given floc size, the handsheets with PCC1 flocs exhibited a better light scattering ability comparing to the ones filled with PCC2 flocs. The improved light scattering ability of handsheets filled with 24 μm PCC1 flocs compared to 24 μm flocs produced with PCC2 can be attributed to the complex micro void structure of flocs. This finding can be used as a guidance for the selection of filler particle size when using filler pre-flocculation to optimize the mechanical and optical properties of paper.

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Chemical, anatomical, and technology aspects of Eucalyptus benthamii and Eucalyptus dunii for use in an integrated pulp and paper mill

TAPPI Journal ◽

10.32964/tj14.2.73 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 73-81 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

GISELY SAMISTRARO ◽

PETER W. HART ◽

JORGE LUIZ COLODETTE ◽

RICARDO PAIM

Keyword(s):

Energy Levels ◽

Black Liquor ◽

Basic Density ◽

Paper Mill ◽

Frost Tolerance ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Kappa Number ◽

Pulp Yield ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Physical Strength

Eucalyptus dunii has been commercially used in southern Brazil because of its relatively good frost tolerance and adequate productivity in the winter months. More recently, interest has grown in cultivating Eucalyptus benthamii Maiden & Cambage, which presents even superior frost tolerance compared to E. dunii and is highly productive as well. The quality of E. benthamii for pulp production is not yet proven. Thus, the chemical, anatomical, and technological aspects of pulp made from E. benthamii were compared with those of E. dunii for unbleached paper production. Samples of E. benthamii chips were obtained and analyzed for their basic density, chemical composition, higher heating value, trace elemental analysis, and chip size distribution. The chips were kraft cooked using conditions that produced a 74 ± 6 kappa number. The pulps were characterized for kappa number, yield, viscosity, and morphologic characteristics (e.g., length, wall thickness, and coarseness). Black liquor was analyzed for total solids, organics, inorganics, sodium sulfide, sodium hydroxide, and sodium carbonate. Brownstocks were beaten at five different energy levels in a Valley beater, and the physical strength properties of 120 g/m² handsheets were measured to develop a beater curve. The results of this study showed differences in delignification between the two woods and lower pulp yield for E. benthamii , which are related to their chemical compositions and basic densities. The E. benthamii studied in this work exhibited higher amounts of lignin and extractives, lower carbohydrate content, and lower basic density. However, cooking a blend of the two woods afforded good results in pulping and in physical pulp properties.

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Does kraft hardwood and softwood pulp viscosity correlate to paper properties?

TAPPI Journal ◽

10.32964/tj15.10.643 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 15 (10) ◽

pp. 643-651 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

ROBERT J. OGLESBY ◽

HUMPHREY J. MOYNIHAN ◽

RICARDO B. SANTOS ◽

ASHOK GHOSH ◽

PETER W. HART

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Strength Loss ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Clear Correlation ◽

Paper Properties ◽

Physical Strength ◽

Pulp Viscosity ◽

Softwood Pulp ◽

The Impact ◽

Deposition time dependent study of structural and optical properties of PbS thin films grown by CBD method

Recent Innovations in Chemical Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Chemical Engineering) ◽

10.2174/2405520413999200517123919 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

Author(s):

Minakshi Chaudhary ◽

Yogesh Hase ◽

Ashwini Punde ◽

Pratibha Shinde ◽

Ashish Waghmare ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thin Films ◽

Optical Properties ◽

Band Gap ◽

Deposition Time ◽

Secondary Growth ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Xrd Analysis ◽

Structural Morphology ◽

Glass Substrates ◽

Cbd Method

: Thin films of PbS were prepared onto glass substrates by using a simple and cost effective CBD method. Influence of deposition time on structural, morphology and optical properties have been investigated systematically. The XRD analysis revealed that PbS films are polycrystalline with preferred orientation in (200) direction. Enhancement in crystallinity and PbS crystallite size has been observed with increase in deposition time. Formation of single phase PbS thin films has been further confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. The surface morphology analysis revealed the formation of prismatic and pebble-like PbS particles and with increase in deposition time these PbS particles are separated from each other without secondary growth. The data obtained from the EDX spectra shows the formation of high-quality but slightly sulfur rich PbS thin films over the entire range of deposition time studied. All films show increase in absorption with increase in deposition time and a strong absorption in the visible and sub-band gap regime of NIR range of the spectrum with red shift in band edge. The optical band gap shows decreasing trend, as deposition time increases but it is higher than the band gap of bulk PbS.

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End-of-Life Alternatives of Glass Reinforced Polyester Boat Hulls Compared by LCA

Advanced Composites Letters ◽

10.1177/096369351802700402 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 096369351802700 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mehmet Önal ◽

Gökdeniz Neşer

Keyword(s):

End Of Life ◽

Environmental Impacts ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Raw Material ◽

Photochemical Oxidation ◽

Human Toxicity ◽

Vacuum Infusion ◽

Infusion Method

Glass reinforced polyester (GRP), as a thermoset polymer composites, dominates boat building industry with its several advantages such as high strength/weight ratio, cohesiveness, good resistance to environment. However, proper recovering and recycling of GRP boats is became a current environmental requirement that should be met by the related industry. In this study, to propose in a cost effective and environmentally friendly way, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has been carried out for six scenarios include two moulding methods (namely Hand Lay-up Method, HLM and Vacuum Infusion Method, VIM) and three End-of-Life (EoL) alternatives(namely Extruding, Incineration and Landfill) for a recreational boat's GRP hulls. A case study from raw materials purchasing phase to disposal/recycling stages has been established taking 11 m length GRP boat hull as the functional unit. Analysis show that in the production phase, the impacts are mainly due to the use of energy (electricity), transport and raw material manufacture. Largest differences between the methods considered (HLM and VIM) can be observed in the factors of marine aquatic ecotoxicity and eutrophication while the closest ones are abiotic depletion, ozon layer depletion and photochemical oxidation. The environmental impact of VIM is much higher than HLM due to its higher energy consumption while vacuum infusion method has lower risk than hand lay-up method in terms of occupational health by using less raw material (resin) in a closed mold. In the comparison of the three EoL techniques, the mechanical way of recycling (granule extruding) shows better environmental impacts except terrestrial ecotoxicity, photochemical oxidation and acidification. Among the EoL alternatives, landfill has the highest environmental impacts except ‘global warming potential’ and ‘human toxicity’ which are the highest in extrusion. The main cause of the impacts of landfill is the transportation needs between the EoL boats and the licenced landfill site. Although it has the higher impact on human toxicity, incineration is the second cleaner alternative of EoL techniques considered in this study. In fact that the similar trend has been observed both in production and EoL phases of the boat. It is obvious that using much more renewable energy mix and greener transportation alternative can reduce the overall impact of the all phases considerably.

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Controlling of two destructive zooplanktonic predators in Chlorella mass culture with surfactants

Biotechnology for Biofuels ◽

10.1186/s13068-021-01873-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xiaobin Wen ◽

Aoqi Zhang ◽

Xiaoyan Zhu ◽

Lin Liang ◽

Yan Huo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Culture ◽

Chemical Method ◽

Sodium Dodecyl ◽

Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate ◽

Biofuel Production ◽

Benzene Sulfonate ◽

Microalgae Biomass ◽

Mass Cultures ◽

Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate ◽

Raceway Ponds

Abstract Background Predatory flagellates and ciliates are two common bio-contaminants which frequently cause biomass losses in Chlorella mass culture. Efficient and targeted ways are required to control these contaminations in Chlorella mass cultivation aiming for biofuel production especially. Results Five surfactants were tested for its ability to control bio-contaminations in Chlorella culture. All five surfactants were able to eliminate the contaminants at a proper concentration. Particularly the minimal effective concentrations of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) to completely eliminate Poterioochromonas sp. and Hemiurosomoida sp. were 8 and 10 mg L−1, respectively, yet the photosynthesis and viability of Chlorella was not significantly affected. These results were further validated in Chlorella mass cultures in 5, 20, and 200 m2 raceway ponds. Conclusions A chemical method using 10 mg L−1 SDBS as pesticide to control predatory flagellate or ciliate contamination in Chlorella mass culture was proposed. The method helps for a sustained microalgae biomass production and utilization, especially for biofuel production.

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