scholarly journals THE SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES OF PHONOSTYLISTIC MEANS OF THE RUSSIAN AND UZBEK LANGUAGES

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
Kunduz SAPAROVA
Keyword(s):  
Sound Level ◽  
Sound System ◽  
Single Level ◽  
Methods Of Analysis ◽  
Linguistic Unit ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Linguistic Units

This article is devoted to the study of similar and peculiar features of phonostylistic means of the Russian and Uzbek languages. In particular, it places a special emphasis on the stylistic properties of the phonetic system of the languages in comparison. The phonostylistic system of one or another language is a combination of stylistic properties of sound (phonetic) units of a language. Sound (phonetic) language units serve as stylistic markers of pronunciation styles, or phonetic styles. The stylistic properties of the sound systems of two or more languages involve the identification of interlanguage corresponding means of expressing the stylistic coloring of a linguistic unit at a sound level. The uniqueness of segment and super-segment phonostylistic units in different-system languages is the key factor of differences in the phonostylistic units of the sound system of the compared languages. An inventory of phonetic means of expressing the stylistic coloring of linguistic units is manifested when pronouncing variants of words, phrases and expressions. Interlanguage phonostylistic correspondence is single-level, and its identification is possible if there is developed material for the structure of phonostylistic systems of each individual language being compared. Key tasks of phonostylistics are determined by identifying both stylistically unmarked and stylistically marked units of the expression plan at the phonostylistic level of languages and establishing correspondences between them; identifying the causes of the isomorphism and allomorphism of the stylistic resources of their sound system. According to the methodology of the research, it is based on using the basic methods of analysis and general principles of comparison for analysis of phonostylistic units in compared languages.

Structure and Semantics of Tactile Verbs in a Comparative Aspect (On the Material of the English, German and Russian Languages)

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Sakhno
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Semantic Classification ◽  
Comparative Aspect ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Linguistic Units

This article deals with the study of the structural and semantic features of tactile verbs (hereinafter TVs) in English, German and Russian. Particular attention is paid to the comparative study of TVs, which allows us to identify structural and semantic similarities and differences of linguistic units studied. The structural and semantic classification of TVs in the compared languages is also provided.

scholarly journals Assessments and Control of Anthropogenic Noise Pollution in Students’ Residential Areas in Ogbomoso

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. O. Ajayeoba
Keyword(s):  
Medical History ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Anthropogenic Noise ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Sound System ◽  
And Control

Increased rate of noise-associated risk factors such as speech interference and reduction in productivity, necessitated that control and regulation measures be put in place, to contain anthropogenic noise pollution in the students’ hostels. Therefore, this study assessed the various anthropogenic sources of noise pollution in students’ hostels and developed a Sound Level Monitor and Control (SLMC) device. 1250 undergraduate students across 5 students’ residential zones were sampled for demographics and investigations were conducted into respondents’ perceived medical history, identification of noise sources, and evaluation of hearing loss. Effects of noise levels were evaluated using 100 respondents’ rooms per zone following standard procedures, considering Sound-System-Only (SSO), Generators-Only (GO), and combination of Sound-System-and-Generator (SSG), loud-conversations, etc., as sources of noise. However, a noise control device incorporated with a circuit breaker was developed. The respondents were 51.2% male and 48.8% female, with 58% in the age range 18 – 27 years. The medical history showed that 1.2 and 6.4% had a hearing problem in short and long times, respectively, while 43.6% affirmed that SSO was a major noise pollution causal factor. SSO, GO, loud conversations, traffic, and grinding machines were identified as the prominent sources of anthropogenic induced noise. The minimum average SL result gave a value of 62.8400dB for both ventilated and unventilated rooms, which is 14% above 55dB threshold value recommended by the National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency. The developed SLMC device gave notification at the SL above 55dB for 15 seconds before disconnecting the sound system if not regulated.

scholarly journals Poems by V. Bryusov “Native Language” and G. Tukai “Tugan Tel”

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (Extra-B) ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
Regina Gennadyevna Shamsutdinova ◽  
Ananyeva Svetlana Viktorovna
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Foreign Literature ◽  
Methods Of Analysis ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Bilingual Readers ◽  
Role Of The Reader

  In literary criticism, structural and semantic correspondences are established between the author and the reader as elements of aesthetic reality. As a result, another text appears before us, different from the original one. With each new reading, a new edition of the text will appear. In this regard, the question of determining the subjective and objective factors of the reception process becomes important. The tasks set determined the need to refer to a comparative analysis of the poems of Russian and Tatar poets, during which the regularities of the functioning of new meanings emerging in interliterary dialogues are considered. Comparative, hermeneutic and receptive methods of analysis were used in solving the set tasks. As a result of the study, the similarities and differences between the works of V. Bryusov and G. Tukai, dedicated to the topic of the native language, were established, and the peculiarities of perception of the additions of foreign literature by bilingual readers were also identified. The results obtained are significant in the study of the role of the reader as a subject of interliterary dialogues.  

scholarly journals Language game in publicistic writing of V. V. Nabokov: transformation of meanings and peculiarities of word usage

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
Natal'ya Vladimirovna Knyazeva ◽  
Natal'ya Vladimirovna Kurkova
Keyword(s):  
Language Game ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Specific Nature ◽  
Language Play ◽  
Semantic Level ◽  
Entire Structure ◽  
Linguistic Unit ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Linguistic Units ◽  
Linguistic Material

In the light of deliberate attention of modern linguistic science and a range of social disciplines to the problem of personality and language, the unresolved question of the nature of language game in the texts of different stylistic orientation remains relevant and polemical. Comprehensive analysis of the phenomenon at hand requires the study of linguistic material that would reflect the specific nature of language game, which represents the organic synthesis of genre-stylistic affiliation and creative uniqueness of linguistic personality. Therefore, the examination of language game in the authorial publicistic writing, namely publications of V. V. Nabokov draws particular interest. The subject of this research is the various manifestations of language play on the lexical-semantic level, which implies occasional alignment of semantic plans, change of the usual meaning of the linguistic unit. It is established that the publicistic heritage of V. V. Nabokov is notable for the artistry that is atypical for such genres; it can be traced in the choice of lexical means, their subsequent interaction and transformation. The usual linguistic units acquire the new plane of content, which largely determines the functional-pragmatic vector of publications and the authorial position that reflects the the tendentious suggestive intentions characteristic to the authorial publicistic writing: accusatory, critical, etc. Change of the usual plan of perception is achieved by various means; most typical is the reference to semantic invariant, which in the authorial context contravenes the known presuppositions. The observations indicate that the language game based on the partial or full change of usual meaning of the word is of syncretic nature: as a rule, the new metaphorical level is not limited by modification of a single lexeme, but extends to the entire structure and compositional volume of the sentence.

Idioms and Phraseology

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Teresa Espinal ◽  
Jaume Mateu
Keyword(s):  
Thematic Roles ◽  
External Structure ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Syntactic Properties ◽  
Linguistic Units ◽  
Semantic Properties ◽  
Interesting Behavior

Idioms, conceived as fixed multi-word expressions that conceptually encode non-compositional meaning, are linguistic units that raise a number of questions relevant in the study of language and mind (e.g., whether they are stored in the lexicon or in memory, whether they have internal or external syntax similar to other expressions of the language, whether their conventional use is parallel to their non-compositional meaning, whether they are processed in similar ways to regular compositional expressions of the language, etc.). Idioms show some similarities and differences with other sorts of formulaic expressions, the main types of idioms that have been characterized in the linguistic literature, and the dimensions on which idiomaticity lies. Syntactically, idioms manifest a set of syntactic properties, as well as a number of constraints that account for their internal and external structure. Semantically, idioms present an interesting behavior with respect to a set of semantic properties that account for their meaning (i.e., conventionality, compositionality, and transparency, as well as aspectuality, referentiality, thematic roles, etc.). The study of idioms has been approached from lexicographic and computational, as well as from psycholinguistic and neurolinguistic perspectives.

Lexicalization in Morphology

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Hilpert
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Holistic Processing ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Cognitive Treatment ◽  
Linguistic Differences ◽  
Linguistic Unit ◽  
Analytic Processing ◽  
Open Class ◽  
Linguistic Units ◽  
Grammatical Functions

The term lexicalization describes the addition of new open-class elements to a repository of holistically processed linguistic units. At the basis of lexicalization are word-formation processes such as affixation, compounding, or borrowing, which are a necessary precondition for lexicalization. Still, lexicalization goes beyond word formation in important respects. First, lexicalization also involves multi-word expressions and set phrases; second, it includes a range of processes that follow the coinage of a new element. These processes conjointly lead to holistic processing, that is, the cognitive treatment of a linguistic element as a unified whole. Holistic processing contrasts with analytic processing, which is the cognitive treatment of a linguistic unit as a complex whole that is composed of several parts. Lexicalization is usefully contrasted with grammaticalization, that is, the emergence of new linguistic units that fulfill grammatical functions. Finally, lexicalization is also a concept that lends itself to the study of cross-linguistic differences in the types of meaning that are lexicalized in specific domains such as, for example, motion.

Level dependence of cochlear nucleus onset unit responses and facilitation by second tones or broadband noise

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. M. Winter ◽  
A. R. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Nucleus ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Spike Timing ◽  
Broadband Noise ◽  
Sound System ◽  
Rate Level ◽  
Sound Levels ◽  
Level Function

1. The responses of onset units in the cochlear nucleus of the anesthetized guinea pig have been measured to single tones, two-tone complexes, and broadband noise (BBN; 20-kHz bandwidth). The onset units were subdivided into three groups, onset-I (OnI), onset-L (OnL), and onset-C (OnC), on the basis of a decision tree using their peristimulus time histogram (PSTH) shape and discharge rate in response to suprathreshold best-frequency (BF) tone bursts. 2. PSTHs were constructed from responses either to single tones at a unit's BF or to BBN as a function of level. When sufficient sustained activity could be elicited from the unit, arbitrarily defined as > 100 spikes/s, a coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated; the majority were characterized by a CV that was similar to transient chopper units (0.35 < CV < 0.5). First spike latency decreased monotonically with increasing sound level. For the majority of onset units, the first spike timing was very precise. 3. BF rate-level functions recorded from OnL and OnC units did not show any signs of discharge rate saturation at the highest sound levels we have used (100-115 dB SPL). No systematic relationship was observed between the threshold at BF and the shape of the rate-level function. BBN rate-level functions were typically characterized by higher discharge rates than in response to BF tones. However, for OnI units and a minority of other onset units, there was little difference in the shape of their rate-level functions in response to BF tones or BBN. 4. The threshold of most onset units to BBN was similar to the threshold to a BF tone that had similar overall root-mean-square (RMS) energy. The BBN threshold was, on average, 5.5 dB greater than the BF threshold. This result contrasts with that found in auditory-nerve fibers recorded in the same species, with the use of an identical sound system, where the threshold to BBN was, on average, 19.4 dB higher. The mean threshold difference between BBN and BF tones for a population of chopper units recorded in the same series of experiments was 17.7 dB. The relative thresholds to BBN and BF tones indicated that the bandwidths near the onset units' BF threshold were broader than could be estimated with the use of single tones. Ten units were characterized by bimodal response areas.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Laboratory Studies of a Sound System that Maintains Wakefulness

1998 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulf Landström ◽  
Kjell Englund ◽  
Bertil Nordström ◽  
Anita Åström
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Background Noise ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Subjective Ratings ◽  
Sound System

Two studies investigated the effects of a waking sound that enhances wakefulness. Study I investigated the effect of the sound level and Study 2 the effect of time and frequency variability of the sound. The recordings of EEG and subjective ratings were analysed to study the effect upon wakefulness. The waking effect increased when sound varied in duration and frequency. A number of specific conditions necessary for the waking effect are described. The exposure should be based on high frequency sounds and several tones chosen to produce disharmony. The exposure should be loud enough to be heard over the masking background noise. The duration and tonal quality should be variable from one presentation to another.

scholarly journals Signed Languages: A Triangular Semiotic Dimension

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Capirci ◽  
Chiara Bonsignori ◽  
Alessio Di Renzo
Keyword(s):  
The Core ◽  
Signed Languages ◽  
Signed Language ◽  
Linguistic Unit ◽  
Language Research ◽  
Linguistic Sign ◽  
Linguistic Units

Since the beginning of signed language research, the linguistic units have been divided into conventional, standard and fixed signs, all of which were considered as the core of the language, and iconic and productive signs, put at the edge of language. In the present paper, we will review different models proposed by signed language researchers over the years to describe the signed lexicon, showing how to overcome the hierarchical division between standard and productive lexicon. Drawing from the semiotic insights of Peirce we proposed to look at signs as a triadic construction built on symbolic, iconic, and indexical features. In our model, the different iconic, symbolic, and indexical features of signs are seen as the three sides of the same triangle, detectable in the single linguistic sign (Capirci, 2018; Puupponen, 2019). The key aspect is that the dominance of the feature will determine the different use of the linguistic unit, as we will show with examples from different discourse types (narratives, conference talks, poems, a theater monolog).

scholarly journals “Word Code” by O.O. Suleimenov in Electronic-handwritten and Printed Versions

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-117
Author(s):  
Mahanbet Dzhusupov
Keyword(s):  
Word Meaning ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Electronic Manuscript ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Linguistic Unit ◽  
Lexical Change ◽  
Etymological Dictionary ◽  
Logical Content ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Word Code

The article provides a comparative analysis of an electronic manuscript and a printed book by O.O. Suleimenov Word code. Introduction to the Universal Etymological Dictionary 1001 Words. The similarities and differences in semantic and stylistic nominations of titles and paragraphs in the manuscript and in the printed original are considered. Structural and qualitative differences in the content of the new titles of the book, the peculiarities of the semantic advancement in them, which include a brief reflection of the content of the corresponding section of the study, are revealed and analyzed. The analysis and thesis description of new paragraphs, which were introduced by the author after working on the electronic manuscript of the book, are carried out. The main conceptual approach of O.O. Suleimenov to the search for the ancient primary source of the word (etymon) and writing both in the manuscript and in the original of the book, is to consider in unity, in close interconnection, the main five aspects of a scientific problem: figurative image (drawing, hieroglyph), concept, word, meaning, pronunciation linguistic unit in languages, adverbs, dialects, dialects in antiquity and now, their semantic and sound similarities and differences in different regions of the earth. The evolution of the wording of the titles and the semantic and stylistic advancement in them is significant, which is associated either with a slight lexical change in the wording of the title of the paragraph, or with the introduction of a different (updated) title, or with the introduction of a new paragraph into the structure of the book. These innovations of the author contributed to the improvement of the structural and logical-content significance of the book.

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