Sources of Information, Training Needs, Preparation and Response to Disaster of Selected Communities in Central Luzon, Philippines

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
John Mark Asio
Keyword(s):  
Data Gathering ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Training Needs ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Disaster Preparation ◽  
Validity Tests ◽  
Family Based ◽  
Disaster Training

Nature has its due course and disaster is always an aftermath of a catastrophic event. The purpose of this study is to assess the sources of information, training needs, preparation, and response of the community to disaster. To achieve this purpose, the study used a descriptive design with the survey as the instrument for data gathering. For the respondents, 136 individuals took part in the survey which took two months to accommodate. The researcher created a simple survey instrument and subjected it to reliability and validity tests. In analyzing the data, the researcher used weighted mean, standard deviation, t-test, and analysis of variance. Results showed that the radio is the most common source of information to disaster. Respondents emphasized the need for disaster training in the community and they also indicated that they partially observed the preparation and response in their communities. At the same time, there were significant differences observed in the sources of information, training needs, preparation, and response to the disaster of the respondents when grouped according to their communities. Furthermore, a significant difference emerged in the training needs when grouped according to the members of the family. Based on the results, the researcher recommends a community disaster preparation enhancement program for the involved communities in the study.

How Czecho-Slovakia Bounces Back: Population-Based Validation of the Brief Resilience Scale in Two Central European Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 003329412110296
Author(s):  
Jana Furstova ◽  
Natalia Kascakova ◽  
Iva Polackova Solcova ◽  
Jozef Hasto ◽  
Peter Tavel
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Resilience Scale ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
Best Fit

Objective In recent years, resilience has become a focus of research in the medical and behavioral sciences. The Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) was developed to assess the individual ability to recover from stress (“to bounce back”) after experiencing adversities. The aim of the study was to validate the Czech and Slovak versions of the BRS. Methods A representative sample of the Czech and Slovak populations (NCZ = 1800, mean age MCZ = 46.6, SDCZ = 17.4, 48.7% of men; NSK = 1018, mean age MSK = 46.2, SDSK = 16.6, 48.7% men) completed a survey assessing their health and well-being. Several confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) models of the BRS were compared to find the best fit. Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega coefficients of reliability were evaluated. Convergent validity was assessed by correlating resilience (BRS), physical and mental well-being (SF-8) and psychopathology symptoms (BSI-53). Differences in gender and age groups were appraised. Results A single-factor model with method effects on the reverse items was evaluated to best fit the data in both the Czech and Slovak samples (χ2CZ(6) = 39.0, p < 0.001, CFICZ = 0.998, TLICZ = 0.995, RMSEACZ = 0.055, SRMRCZ = 0.024; χ2SK(6) = 23.9, p < 0.001, CFISK = 0.998, TLISK = 0.995, RMSEASK = 0.054, SRMRSK = 0.009). The reliability was high in both samples (αCZ = 0.80, ωCZ = 0.85; αSK = 0.86, ωSK = 0.91). The BRS was positively associated with physical and mental well-being and negatively associated with somatization, depression and anxiety. In both countries, a lower BRS score was associated with higher age. Czech men reported significantly higher BRS scores than women. No significant difference was found in the mean BRS scores between the two countries. Conclusion This study provides evidence of good psychometric properties, reliability and validity of the Czech and Slovak adaptations of the BRS.

scholarly journals The Influence of Friends on Teen Vaping: A Mixed-Methods Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6784
Author(s):  
Allison L. Groom ◽  
Thanh-Huyen T. Vu ◽  
Robyn L. Landry ◽  
Anshula Kesh ◽  
Joy L. Hart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Peer Influence ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Sources Of Information

Vaping is popular among adolescents. Previous research has explored sources of information and influence on youth vaping, including marketing, ads, family, peers, social media, and the internet. This research endeavors to expand understanding of peer influence. Our hypothesis is that friends’ influence on teen vapers’ first electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use varies by demographic variables and awareness of ENDS advertising. In August–October 2017, youth (n = 3174) aged 13–18 completed an online survey to quantify ENDS behaviors and attitudes and were invited to participate in follow-up online research in November-December 2017 to probe qualitative context around perceptions and motivations (n = 76). This analysis focused on the ENDS users, defined as having ever tried any ENDS product, from the survey (n = 1549) and the follow-up research (n = 39). Among survey respondents, friends were the most common source of vapers’ first ENDS product (60%). Most survey respondents tried their first ENDS product while “hanging out with friends” (54%). Among follow-up research participants, the theme of socializing was also prominent. ENDS advertising and marketing through social media had a strong association with friend networks; in fact, the odds of friends as source of the first vaping experience were 2 times higher for those who had seen ENDS ads on social media compared with other types of media. The influence of friends is particularly evident among non-Hispanic Whites, Hispanics/Latinos, those living in urban areas, those living in high-income households, those with higher self-esteem, and those who experiment with vaping. These findings support the premise that peer influence is a primary social influencer and reinforcer for vaping. Being included in a popular activity appears to be a strong driving force.

Tourist Taxonomies of International Tourists Visiting Zimbabwe Using an Extended International Tourist Role Scale

2021 ◽  
pp. 109634802199678
Author(s):  
Charity Mapingure ◽  
E. du Plessis
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Western World ◽  
International Tourist ◽  
Validity Tests ◽  
Positive Results

Tourist typologies are generally criticized for having spatial biases because most of them were constructed in the context of the Western world. The study used an Extended International Tourist Role (EITR) scale to determine the typologies of international tourists to Zimbabwe. The augmented scale was subjected to reliability and validity tests, which yielded positive results. A factor–cluster analysis of 569 international tourists, yielded three distinct subgroups though with similar traits in certain dimensions. The clusters were named the independent tourist, the indifferent tourist, and the cautious new tourist. In the context of Zimbabwe, the cautious new tourist taxon is the most viable subgroup because of its size and available destination resources. However, for strategic planning, Zimbabwe should begin to embrace the independent tourist. The cautious new tourist is likely to mature into the independent tourist status, if the contemporary trends are anything to go by.

scholarly journals The Patient’s Denture Assessment (Thai version) is a valid and reliable tool for evaluating the outcome of treatment with complete denture

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahaprom Namano ◽  
Orapin Komin
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Complete Denture ◽  
Care Clinic ◽  
Geriatric Dentistry ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Denture Treatment

Abstract Background Complete tooth losses are still being major problems which resulted in lesser quality of life especially for elderly patients. However, there are still lack of questionnaire to evaluate the treatment outcome from the patient’s aspect. The objective of this study is to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Patient’s Denture Assessment-Thai version (PDA-T), then use this questionnaire to assess patient satisfaction with complete denture treatment outcome also investigates the factors involving their satisfaction. Methods The subjects comprised 120 edentulous adult patients (49 men/71 women; average age 70 years-old) from the Prosthodontic and the Geriatric Dentistry and Special Patients Care Clinic at the Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University during 2019 March‒2020 March. The patients were divided into two groups: the group experienced (Exper) (n = 54) with wearing complete dentures, and the non-experienced (NonExper) group (n = 66). The patients used the validated PDA-T to self-assess their treatment at different times. The Exper group completed the questionnaire at t0 (during treatment), t0.5 (2‒8-weeks after t0), and t1 (final follow-up). The NonExper group completed the questionnaire only at t1. Results In the Exper group, Cronbach’s α and average inter-item correlation was 0.95 (range 0.76‒0.95) and 0.47 (range 0.57‒0.83), respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficients (n = 18, 95% confidence interval) were 0.98 overall. The paired t-test (p < 0.05) between t0 and t1 indicated a significant difference between t0 and t1 in every PDA-T topic, and the effect size was 1.71. In the NonExper group, the Pearson correlation analysis indicated no significant correlation between the patients' demographics and masticatory function. Conclusion The reliability and validity of the PDA-T indicate it is a valuable tool for evaluating complete denture treatment. Treatment success affected the patients' satisfaction but was not associated with the type of doctors, genders, ages, or educational level.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN KINERJA PERUSAHAAN DOMESTIK DAN ASING DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN ANALISIS RASIO MODAL SAHAM

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syahrul Syarifudin
Keyword(s):  
Information Support ◽  
Price Ratio ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Return On Equity ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Equity Ratio ◽  
Capitalization Rate ◽  
Domestic Companies ◽  
Better Than

There are companies that stand in Indonesia that are owned by foreigners. People tend to judge that the performance of foreign companies is better than domestic companies. This is due to the assumption that foreign companies have relatively larger capital, technology, and expertise that is better than domestic companies. Another presumption is that before, during, and after the crisis the performance of foreign-owned companies is better than domestic companies. In addition, to find out the good and bad performance of a company, it can use a stock capital ratio analysis. With this stock capital ratio, it can be seen the rate of return on equity, the ratio of earning per share, profit price, capitalization rate, and dividend income. So that the analysis can help investors and potential investors as sources of information support in investing in the company. The results of the data analysis using the T-test (Difference Test) found that there was no significant difference between the return on equity ratio, earnings per share ratio, the profit price ratio, the capitalization rate and dividend income. Thus the performance of domestic companies is significantly similar to the performance of foreign companies.Keywords: Earning per share, profit ratio, , capitalization ratio

scholarly journals Medical Sciences’ Students Responses During the Late Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Iran: A Comprehensive Investigation of the Risk Perception and Information Exposure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahan Shafie ◽  
Mahsa Mayeli ◽  
Hamed Hosseini ◽  
Mahnaz Ashoorkhani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Information Exposure ◽  
Risk Patients

COVID-19 pandemic obligated applying population-level behavioral modifications to effectively prevent the spread of the disease. This necessitated investigating those measures that determine population behavior. Herein we have studied risk perception and information exposure that are among those determinants in Iran. 402 cases from medical sciences students were enrolled during the last week of September 2020. Using an online questionnaire, risk perception and sources of information about COVID-19 were investigated. Although most students considered COVID-19 preventable, merely a few considered the disease curable. A higher risk was perceived concerning the families compared to themselves. Moreover, most of them believed the prognosis good even in high-risk patients. Social media was the most informative source used; however, health professionals were considered the most reliable. The risk perception was equal between those diagnosed with COVID-19 or had a family member diagnosed compared to those without such exposure in most questions. Also, no significant difference was observed in risk perception between those students with serious underlying medical conditions and those without one regarding most items. Lastly, major and grade were the most significant demographic contributors to the risk perception. Moderate risk was perceived overall among the cases in which major and grade were the only remarkable demographic contributors. Unexpectedly, underlying medical history was not significantly correlated with the perceived risk. Lastly, previous COVID-19 exposure merely altered the curability and preventability perception.

scholarly journals The Degree To Which Primary School Teachers In Amman Governorate Possess Soft Skills In Light Of Coronavirus Pandemic From Their Principals' Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1199-1212
Author(s):  
Dr. Fawaz Shehada , Et. al.
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Soft Skills ◽  
School Teacher ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Primary School Teacher ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Primary School Teachers ◽  
Female Principals ◽  
Significant Difference

The problem and the aim of the study: The rapid growth in technologies and the threat of COVID-19 pandemic have brought remarkable changes in the twenty-first century. Corona pandemic has caused a series of transformations in the different spheres of social, political, labor,  economic and educational life. Different governments have launched emergency policy initiatives based on the suspension of classes and the closure of educational centers to continue teaching activities from homes through the use of information and communication, which led to the emergence of new skills that the teacher should possess in order to keep pace with modern developments and to continue with the student learning process. The primary school teacher is required to develop his soft skills with quality and efficiency, to be in line with the great technological renaissance the world is witnessing in the field of teaching, knowledge and culture, and to realize that one of his new tasks is to be a guide, facilitator and assistant for students to learn by themselves. Accordingly, the study aimed at finding out the degree to which primary school teachers in Amman Governorate, possess soft skills in light of Coronavirus pandemic from the viewpoint of their principals. Research methods: The researcher reviewed the related literature to narrow the topic and aggregate the theoretical and empirical research related to the topic. The descriptive survey method was used in the study in addition to a 41- item questionnaire distinctly developed for gathering data. Reliability and validity of these items were checked by applying it to a pilot group of 30 principals selected randomly. (837) male and female principals from Amman governorate were selected as a study population. The sample of the study was (228) principals who were randomly selected, and constitutes (27%) of the study population.The results of the study were obtained through appropriate statistical analyses, then  analyzed and discussed according to the questions of the study. Results: The results showed that the degree to which primary school teachers' possess soft skills was high. The results also indicated that there is a statistically significant difference according to gender variable in favor of females, while there are no statistically significant differences attributed to experience variable and the interaction between gender and experience. Conclusion: the study pointed out that the importance of soft-skills for teachers has got more importance under COVID-19 pandemic crisis, as utilizing soft skills in teaching will improve the quality of educational results. There is a need to create awareness among the teachers about the importance of soft skills for career advancement and how to develop and practice such skills. schools should carefully review and incorporate the desired soft skills into their curricula. However, they should also continue running specialized training workshops to help teachers further improve their soft skills. It is equally important that teachers should also make efforts for improving their skills level through self-directed readings and participation in appropriate skills development programs and activities.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Writing Anxiety of Syrian Refugees Learning Turkish as a Foreign Language in Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Sedat Erol
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Syrian Refugees ◽  
Writing Anxiety ◽  
Analysis Process ◽  
Normality Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
One Way Anova

The aim of this study was to determine and investigate the writing anxiety of Syrian refugees learning Turkish as a foreign language in Turkey according to different variables. The study group of the research, in which survey model was used, consisted of 214 Syrian refugees chosen via purposive sampling method and who learn Turkish as a foreign language in Turkey. &ldquo;Writing Anxiety Scale for Learners of Turkish as a Foreign Language&rdquo; was used as data gathering tool in the research. In the analysis process, firstly normality test was conducted and it was determined that it indicated normal distribution. Accordingly, t-test was used in pair independent samples, and one-way ANOVA test was used in multi-group comparisons. As a result of the research, it was determined that writing anxiety level of the Syrian refugees learning Turkish as a foreign language (L2) in Turkey, was at medium level and also their writing anxiety was caused by environmental/social factors rather than internal/mental factors. In addition, when the situation was evaluated according to their language levels, it was determined that students at B2 level had the highest level of anxiety; and that using Turkish in social media reduces the action-oriented anxiety of the students. When the participants&rsquo; writing anxiety was investigated according to gender, age, and time spent in Turkey it was found that a significant difference was not indicated.

scholarly journals Use of Maple Software to Reduce Student Teachers’ Errors in Differential Calculus

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-46
Author(s):  
Sallah E.K. ◽  
Joshua K.S. ◽  
Alex O.
Keyword(s):  
Student Teachers ◽  
Differential Calculus ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Experimental Group

The study was conducted on the use of Maple software to reduce student teachers’ errors in Differential Calculus at Evangelical Presbyterian College of Education, Volta Region - Ghana. The research design for the study was quasi-experimental non-equivalent control group design. Convenience and simple random sampling techniques were employed to obtain a sample of 104 student teachers, which comprised 53 student teachers in the control group and 51 in the experimental group. Test items were the instruments used for data gathering. Descriptive, paired samples t-test and independent samples t-test were used in analyzing data. Descriptive content error analysis revealed that student teachers committed many conceptual, procedural and technical errors when solving tasks in the differential calculus. The results also indicated that there was a statistically significant difference between student teachers’ of the experimental group exposed to the use of Maple software in learning differential calculus to control groups exposed to traditional methods. Consequently, it was recommended that Maple assisted instruction be incorporated in the teaching and learning of differential calculus in the school; and also there is the need for the mathematics teachers in the school to employ blended teaching approaches, in which Maple software are used simultaneously to enhance teaching of mathematics concepts.

scholarly journals Reliability and validity of the Mizo-version of neck disability index for non-specific neck pain in the rural North-East Indian population

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 317
Author(s):  
Andrew Lalchhuanawma ◽  
Divya Sanghi
Keyword(s):  
Neck Pain ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Neck Disability Index ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
East Indian ◽  
North East ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Neck Disability

Background: The Neck Disability Index (NDI) is an important self-assessment tool used extensively worldwide, in clinical practice with implications into scientific research fields. It is used to assess the extent of pain and levels of functional disability associated with neck pain. The NDI consists of 10 items where each item was scored from a scale of 0 to 5 giving the maximum score possible to 50. Though proven to be a reliable instrument in the English-speaking population, the NDI has never been validated and culturally adapted in the Mizo language among the rural north-east Indian region where English is not spoken as means of communication. The aim is to translate and cross culturally adapt the NDI into Mizo tawng (official language of Mizoram) with the objective of establishing reliability and validity of the M-NDI in patients with non-specific neck pain.Methods: A total of 49 subjects participated voluntarily from the rural primary health care, Lunglei district, Mizoram. Subject having chronic non-specific neck pain lasting more than 3 months were included after taking a written formal consent.Results: The internal consistency determined by Cronbach alpha, and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) using the test-retest reliability showed a good and an excellent reliability respectively (α=0.82, ICC=0.97, 95% CI= 0.95-0.98). Construct validity was determined between the variables-Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and NDI by Pearson’s correlation coefficient and found to have a good correlation r=0.89 and significant difference at p<0.001.Conclusions: The study results concluded the Mizo version of NDI to be easy to understand, reliable and valid instrument for measuring disability and functional limitations of daily activities in non-specific neck pain in the Mizo speaking population.

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