scholarly journals PATTERN OF CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF HYPERPLOLACTINEMIA AMONG INFERTILE PATIENTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
Uma Jain ◽  
Deepali Jain ◽  
Ashi Jain
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Dopamine System ◽  
Hormonal Imbalance ◽  
Anovulatory Cycle ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Irregular Menses ◽  
Level Group ◽  
Infertile Patients

INTRODUCTION– The prevalence of hyperprolactinemia ranges from 0.4% in unselected normal adult females to as high as 9%–17% in females with reproductive health disorders.The etiology of hyperprolactinemia maybe pathological, physiological or pharmacological Drugs that stimulate the hypothalamic dopamine system and/or pituitary or dopamine receptors can cause elevated prolactin.Clinical features of hyperprolactinemia include menstrual disturbances (Oligo-amenorrhea, amenorrhea and irregular menses), anovulation, infertility galactorrhea or a combination of the above symptoms. MATERIAL AND METHOD- This is a retrospective of 88 Infertile females with documented Hyperprolectinimea.The clinical data and infertility workup (Hormonal profile, Imaging report and other tests)were obtained from gynaecological OPD. RESULTS- In this study the maximum number 54 (61.36%) of patientswere in the 21-25 years of age group,65 (73.86%) of patients were of normal weight and 20 (22.72%) of patients were overweight only 3 (3.40%) were obese In this study,the maximum number 60(68.18%)of patients were in primary infertility and 85 (96.59%) of patients had in mild rise in the prolactin level group. In this study, most of the patients 27 (30.68%) of patients were presented with complaints of oligomenorrheaand followed by Amenorrhea 21 (23.86%).Galactorrhea was found in 25(28.40%) patients after clinical examinations,both amenorrhea and galactorrhea were seen in20(22.72%)of the patients. Hypothyroidism was present in 13 (14.77%) of patients. CONCLUSION– Anovulatory cycle, Luteal face defect and sex hormonal imbalance caused by hyperprolactinemia results in infertility.Prolactin may stop ovulation and cause amenorrhea, in less severe cases Intermittent ovulation or ovulation that takes a long time to occur causes infrequent or irregular periods.that's why estimation of serum prolactin should be done at an early stage of an infertility workup. In our study, the prevalence of hyperprolactinemia and hypothyroidism was found very high which emphasize the importance of estimating TSH and Prolactin in infertility.In our study Oligomonorrhea,amenorrhea and galactorrhea are the commonest presentations in hyperprolactinemia.Proper Diagnosis and treatment results in an improvement in symptoms and an increase in conception rates in infertile patients.

Hopf bifurcation for a discontinuous HTLV-1 model

Filomat ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (20) ◽  
pp. 6247-6267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elham Shamsara ◽  
Zahra Afsharnezhad ◽  
Reihaneh Mostolizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Hopf Bifurcation ◽  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Discontinuous System ◽  
Steady State Condition ◽  
Ctl Response ◽  
Optimal Drug ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Immunosuppressive Diseases

Developing accurate mathematical models for host immune response in immunosuppressive diseases such as HIV and HTLV-1 are essential to achieve an optimal drug therapy regime. Since for HTLV-1 specific CTL response typically occurs after a time lag, we consider a discontinuous response function to better describe this lagged response during the early stage of the infectious, thus the system of HTLV-1 model will be a discontinuous system. For analyzing the dynamic of the system we use Filippov theory and find conditions in which the Filippov system undergoes a Hopf bifurcation. The Hopf bifurcation help us to find stable and unstable periodic oscillations and can be used to predict whether the CTL response can return to a steady state condition. Also, Hopf bifurcation in sliding mode is investigated. In this case the solutions will remain in the hyper-surface of discontinuity and as a consequence the disease cannot progress, at least for a long time. Finally we use numerical simulations to demonstrate the results by example.

Effects of Isothermal Aging on Clustering and Paint-Bake Hardening Behavior in an Al-Mg-Si Alloy

2014 ◽  
Vol 794-796 ◽  
pp. 897-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Aruga ◽  
Masaya Kozuka ◽  
Yasuo Takaki ◽  
Tatsuo Sato
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Natural Aging ◽  
Atom Probe ◽  
Bake Hardening ◽  
Subsequent Aging ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Hardness Increase ◽  
Small Clusters

The relationship between the cluster morphology formed during natural or artificial aging and the paint-bake hardening response in an Al-0.62Mg-0.93Si (mass%) alloy have been investigated using atom probe tomography (APT). Increasing the subsequent aging time at 170 °C causes a gradual increase in hardness in the artificially aged materials, while the retardation period of the hardness increase appears in the naturally aged materials at the early stage of aging. The statistically-proved records in the APT analysis have shown that the artificially aged materials have some large clusters. It is revealed that the hardening at the early stage of the subsequent aging at 170 °C is not promoted in the long-time naturally aged material although the number density of small clusters increases approximately 1.3 times by prolonged natural aging.Hence, we believe that the small clusters are hard to transform continuously into the β'' phase during aging at 170 °C. As for the naturally aged materials, the long-time aging leads to a significant drop in hardness at the early stage of aging at 170 °C. It is speculated that the Mg-Si mixed clusters formed after long-time natural aging can be reversed during the subsequent heat treatment.

scholarly journals Media Exposure as Predictor of Childhood Obesity in Children Aged 7-12 Years in Gurgaon

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavita Bhatnagar ◽  
Dr. Roopali Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Computer Games ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Media Exposure ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Obesity And Overweight

Childhood obesity is a serious health condition, where kids weigh above the normal weight for their age. This sets an early stage for diseases like diabetes, high blood pressure, cholesterol and various other ailments that are actually related to adulthood. While the problem is global, it is relatively newer in Indian population but unfortunately; it is growing at a rapid rate. Increased consumption of fast food, sugar laden fizzy drinks, lack of physical activity and largely sedentary lifestyle comprising of watching television, playing video or computer games, playing on mobile phones and tablets due to the changing urban lifestyle are the major causes of childhood obesity.200 children aged 7-12 years attending a Public School in Gurgaon, participated in the study. Weight and height were measured and the BMI was calculated. Media exposure was assessed by a questionnaire designed especially for the study. Among all participants, a large number of children were found to be obese and overweight. Prevalence of obesity and overweight was higher in boys than girls. A large number of children had a screen time of more than five hours per day and several watched Television while eating, many children had TV in their bed rooms, most had Internet access and nearly everyone played video games daily. Easy accessibility of TV, smart phones and Internet has a strong relationship with childhood obesity and overweight.

scholarly journals Clinical Verification of Body Mass Index and Tumor Immune Response in Patients With Breast Cancer Receiving Preoperative Chemotherapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Takada ◽  
Shinichiro Kashiwagi ◽  
Yuka Asano ◽  
Wataru Goto ◽  
Rika Kouhashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Preoperative Chemotherapy ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Immune Microenvironment ◽  
Tumor Immune Microenvironment

Abstract PurposeThe body mass index (BMI) is commonly used as a simple indicator of obesity; patients with early-stage breast cancer who are obese (OB) per BMI measurements have been shown to have high postoperative recurrence and low survival rates. On the other hand, it has been shown that lymphocytes present in the vicinity of malignant growths that are involved in the tumors’ immune responses influence the efficacy chemotherapy. Therefore, we hypothesized that OB patients with breast cancer have a lower density of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), which may influence the therapeutic effect of preoperative chemotherapy (POC). In this study, we measured pretreatment BMI and TILs in patients with breast cancer who underwent POC, examined the correlations between these two factors, and retrospectively analyzed their therapeutic outcomes and prognoses.MethodsThe participants in this study were 421 patients with breast cancer who underwent surgical treatment after POC between February 2007 and January 2019. The patient’s height and weight were measured before POC to calculate the BMI (weight [kg] divided by the square of the height [m2]). According to the World Health Organization categorization, patients who weighed under 18.5 kg/m2 were classified as underweight (UW), those ≥18.5 kg/m2 and >25 kg/m2 were considered normal weight (NW), those ≥25 kg/m2 and <30 kg/m2 were overweight (OW), and those ≥30 kg/m2 were OB. The TILs were those lymphocytes that infiltrated the tumor stroma according to the definition of the International TILs Working Group 2014.ResultsThe median BMI was 21.9 kg/m2 (range, 14.3–38.5 kg/m2); most patients (244; 64.5%) were NW. Among all 378 patients with breast cancer, the TIL density was significantly lower in OB than in NW and OW patients (vs. NW: p=0.001; vs. OW: p=0.003). Furthermore, when examining patients with each breast cancer type individually, the OS of those with TNBC who had low BMIs was significantly poorer than that of their high-BMI counterparts (log rank p=0.031).ConclusionsOur data did not support the hypothesis that obesity affects the tumor immune microenvironment; however, we showed that being UW does affect the tumor immune microenvironment.

scholarly journals Correlation of Serum Prolactin and Thyroid Hormone in Female Infertility

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-34
Author(s):  
Fahat Banu
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Female Infertility ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Hormone Profile ◽  
Hormonal Imbalance ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Serum Tsh

Background: Infertility is a growing problem with adverse medical, social and psychological consequences globally. Apart from several causes of infertility, hormonal imbalance especially thyroid dysfunction and hyperprolactinemia can lead to female infertility. Both these conditions are treatable so Proper management of hormonal imbalance can result in restoration of normal fertility. Aims and objectives: Correlation of serum Prolactin and Thyroid hormone in female infertility. Materials and methods: Descriptive hospital based study was conducted at Nepalgunj medical college and teaching hospital, Nepalgunj, Banke, Nepal. The data was collected from September 2018 to August 2019. Total 30 cases of females of primary and secondary infertility attending outpatient department of gynecology department of Nepalgunj medical college were included in the study. A detailed history and clinical evaluation was done along with estimation of serum Prolactin and Thyroid hormone profile. Result: Hormonal status of subjects showed 15 i.e. 50% participants were thyroid whereas 11 (36.33%) were hypothyroid and 4 (13.33%) were hyperthyroid. Serum Prolactin was raised in 17 (57%) and normal in 13 (43%). Serum TSH and prolactin were found to be significantly positively correlated in female infertility (r=0.507, p =0.004). Conclusion: There is a high incidence of hyperprolactinaemia and thyroid dysfunction in female infertility.

scholarly journals Uwarunkowania procesu pojednania w Kambodży

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 267-280
Author(s):  
Radosław Zarzecki
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Khmer Rouge ◽  
State Level ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Culture Of Silence

Determinants of Reconciliation in Cambodia Forty years after Cambodian genocide the reconciliation is still in early stage. Despite such long time there was almost nothing done, especially in 20th century, to make that process happened. The article discusses the determinants, reasons and factors that had impact on reconciliation. Determinants can be divided into different categories. First of all the socio-historical background. Circumstances in which Khmer Rouge come to power, their revolutionary approach to economy, implemented reforms, use of children, displacements of people and categorization of citizens had great impact on post-1979 Cambodia. Another determinant is a political one. Policy of post-Khmer Rouge Cambodia rulers stunted the reconciliation. There reason of such actions are multidimensional but the most important one is provenance of People’s Republic of Kampuchea leaders. The most important figures in Cambodia politics are ex-Khmer Rouge soldiers, accused by some of taking a part in genocide. What’s even more confusing, the most powerful opposition party in 1980s were perpetrators themselves and their allies. Even after signing Paris Peace Accords in 1991 until early 2000s there was no will to punish Khmer Rouge officials responsible for genocide. The Cambodian culture of silence, the third determinant, only exacerbates a difficult situation. Cambodians rarely speak about atrocities and harsh past because of fear, shame or trauma. Even in school textbooks until 2009 there was almost nothing said about tragic events which happened between 1975 and 1979. History of Democratic Kampuchea still affects the Cambodian society. Despite sentencing few Khmer Rouge officials in 2010s, there’s still lot to be done also on state-level. Reconciliation and coming back to the state of balance is the main challenge for Cambodia in the nearest future, crucially important to social and political life of this nation.

scholarly journals Planting and harvesting innovation - an analysis of Samsung Electronics

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Hoon Jang ◽  
Sang M. Lee ◽  
Taewan Kim ◽  
Donghyun Choi
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
New Products ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Entire Life ◽  
Entire Life Cycle ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Innovation Projects ◽  
Long Time

Abstract This study explores how firms manage the entire life cycle of innovation projects based on the framework of harvesting and planting innovation. While harvesting innovation seeks new products in the expectation of financial performance in the short term, planting innovation pursues creating value over a long time period. Without proper management of the process of planting and harvesting innovation, firms with limited resources may not be successful in launching innovative new products to seize a momentum in high tech industries. To examine this issue, the case of Samsung Electronics (SE), now an electronics giant originated from a former developing country, is analyzed. SE has shown to effectively utilize co-innovation to maintain numerous planting and harvesting innovation projects. Both researchers and practitioners would be interested in learning about how SE shared risks of innovation investment with external partners at the early stage of innovation cycles.

The possible prognostic value of serum prolactin increment during pregnancy in hyperprolactinaemic patients

1983 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nyboe Andersen ◽  
J. Starup ◽  
Ann Tabor ◽  
H. Kålund Jensen ◽  
j. G. Westergaard
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
Infertile Patients

Abstract. In 15 hyperprolactinaemic, infertile patients achieving 17 bromocriptine-induced pregnancies, the presence or absence of prolactin (Prl) increment in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy was correlated to the basal Prl levels before treatment and after pregnancy. The hyperprolactinaemic patients revealed a marked heterogeneity in the Prl increment compared to normal women. Five patients showed a pronounced increase in serum Prl during gestation, whereas Prl levels were unaltered or decreased slightly in 10 patients. In the latter group of patients serum Prl was significantly (P<0.01) lower after pregnancy than before treatment. Our study indicates that some hyperprolactinaemic patients may benefit from a pregnancy, and that these patients probably can be identified, as they do not show any significant changes in Prl levels during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Identification of Metabolite and Lipid Profiles in a Segregating Peach Population Associated with Mealiness in Prunus persica (L.) Batsch

Metabolites ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Lillo-Carmona ◽  
Alonso Espinoza ◽  
Karin Rothkegel ◽  
Miguel Rubilar ◽  
Ricardo Nilo-Poyanco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Physiological Disorder ◽  
Export Markets ◽  
Long Time

The peach is the third most important temperate fruit crop considering fruit production and harvested area in the world. Exporting peaches represents a challenge due to the long-distance nature of export markets. This requires fruit to be placed in cold storage for a long time, which can induce a physiological disorder known as chilling injury (CI). The main symptom of CI is mealiness, which is perceived as non-juicy fruit by consumers. The purpose of this work was to identify and compare the metabolite and lipid profiles between two siblings from contrasting populations for juice content, at harvest and after 30 days at 0 °C. A total of 119 metabolites and 189 lipids were identified, which showed significant differences in abundance, mainly in amino acids, sugars and lipids. Metabolites displaying significant changes from the E1 to E3 stages corresponded to lipids such as phosphatidylglycerol (PG), monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and lysophosphatidylcholines (LPC), and sugars such as fructose 1 and 1-fructose-6 phosphate. These metabolites might be used as early stage biomarkers associated with mealiness at harvest and after cold storage.

scholarly journals Psychological Prophylaxis of Eхogenous Constitutional Obesity of Adolescents with Social Psychological Factors, Taken into Account

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
TI I Kireeva
Keyword(s):  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Restrictive Eating ◽  
Eating Style ◽  
Definition Of

Aim - psychological prevention of development of exogenous-constitutional obesity on the basis of the definition of early diagnostic socio-psychological criteria for the risk of obesity in adolescents. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on the basis of the Department of Endocrinology of the Children's City Clinical Hospital No. 1. The sample of the study consisted of 40 adolescents, 20 of whom had a diagnosis of "Exogenous-constitutional obesity", grade 3-4 (the clinical group), while the other 20 adolescents had normal weight (the control group). The following psychodiagnostic methods were used in the study: the test of character accentuation by K. Leonhard, S. Schmieschek, the Dutch food questionnaire, the test "Adolescents about Parents" (ADOR), the method of directed retrospective analysis on "My Relations with Food" topic by V.I. Shebanova. Results. Adolescents with obesity are characterized by high sensitivity, empathy, a tendency for prolonged experience of grievances, suspicion, mistrust, emotional discomfort. In the families of adolescents with obesity, there is a cult of food, which negatively affects the formation of eating behavior. Adolescents with obesity are prone to emotionally dependent eating behavior. The social-psychological risk factors for obesity in adolescents are stuck and emotional character accentuations, low level of restrictive eating behavior, lack of intimacy with the mother, mother’s hostility and domination. Conclusion. Knowledge of the identified factors allows to predict the risk of obesity in adolescents at the early stage of weight gain and to carry out its timely prevention by correcting the characterological features, parent-child relationships and eating style in the family.

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