scholarly journals Hubungan antara kadar procalcitonin dengan kriteria Anthonisen pada PPOK eksaserbasi akut

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Ariska Megasari ◽  
Ida Bagus Ngurah Rai ◽  
Ketut Suryana
Keyword(s):  
Acute Exacerbation ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Antibiotic Administration ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: COPD exacerbations can be caused by infections and environmental pollutants. One guideline for antibiotic administration in acute exacerbation COPD  is in patients with Anthonisen criteria types 1 and 2 based on patients' subjective complaints (increased dyspneu, increased sputum volume and sputum purulence). Procalcitonin (PCT) is an objective and specific marker of bacterial infections that are not affected much by  disease condition or steroid drugs that are widely used by COPD patients. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between procalcitonin levels and Anthonisen criteria in acute exacerbation of COPD. Methods: This study used an analytical cross sectional design at Sanglah General Hospital and Wangaya Hospital in March-May 2018. Data analysis used the Bivariate Spearman correlation test, and Kruskal-wallis to determine the median PCT level difference according to Anthonisen type. Result: Total subjects were 43 samples of acute exacerbation COPD patients, with median PCT levels were 0.18 (0.02-47.8) ng/ml. Spearman correlation analysis showed no significant correlation between serum PCT levels and Anthonisen type (r = -0,175, p = 0.26). We also found a significant correlation between Anthonisen criteria with WBC and neutrophil count. After excluding several outliers data, there was a significant difference in median PCT value based on the Anthonisen type. The median PCT was higher in Anthonisen type 1 compared to type 2 and 3 (p = 0.029).  Conclusion: there was no relationship between levels of PCT with Anthonisen type but we found significant higher PCT level in Anthonisen type 1 after excluding extreme value.

The relationship between workload and adherence to professional codes of ethics among a sample of Iranian nurses

2021 ◽  
pp. 147775092110401
Author(s):  
Mahsa Dadkhah-Tehrani ◽  
Mohsen Adib-Hajbaghery
Keyword(s):  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Codes Of Ethics ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Perceived Workload ◽  
Professional Codes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Professional Codes Of Ethics ◽  
The Relationship

Background Many studies have investigated the adherence to professional codes of ethics by nurses. However, no study has explicitly examined the relationship between workload and adherence to professional codes of ethics among Iranian nurses. Objective This study aimed to explore the relationships between workload and adherence to professional codes of ethics among a sample of Iranian nurses. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 213 nurses who were randomly selected from the different wards of Shahid Beheshti Hospital of Kashan, Iran. Data collection instruments included a personal characteristics questionnaire, the Nursing Ethics Questionnaire, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index. The Chi-square, the Spearman correlation coefficient, the Kruskal–Wallis, and Mann–Whitney U tests were used to analyze the data. Results A majority of nurses were females (77.5%), married (79.3%), and permanently employed (55.4%). The mean of the overall perceived workload and adherence to professional codes of ethics were 76.36 ± 13.64 and 13.98 ± 2.58, that were at high and moderated level, respectively. Spearman correlation test showed no significant correlation between perceived workload and adherence to professional codes of ethics ( r = 0.03, P = 0.6). A significant difference was found between the mean scores of adherence to professional codes of ethics in nurses working in different departments ( P < 0.001). Conclusion Participating nurses perceived high levels of workload but their mean adherence to professional codes of ethics was at a moderate level. The perceived workload was indirectly correlated with adherence to professional codes of ethics.

scholarly journals Effects of Mangosteen pericarp Extract to Clinical Improvements, The Plasma Level of IL-6 and Malondialdehyde in Acute Exacerbation of COPD Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-172
Author(s):  
Khilyatul Baroroh ◽  
Suradi Suradi ◽  
Ade Rima
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Plasma Level ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Acute Exacerbation ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Background: Amplification of inflammation in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) increases inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress in the airways, pulmonary and systemic circulation that are characterized by increased plasma level of IL-6 and MDA, resulting in worsening of clinical symptoms. Xanthones in mangosteen pericarp have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, potentially as an adjuntive therapy in acute exacerbations of COPD. Methods: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of mangosteen pericarp extract to clinical improvements, plasma level of IL-6 and MDA of acute exacerbation COPD patients. A clinical trial of experimental with pretest and posttest was conducted on 34 acute exacerbation of COPD patients in Dr. Moewardi Hospital Surakarta and Dr. Ario Wirawan Lung Hospital Salatiga from April until May 2016. The sample was taken by consecutive sampling. Subjects were divided by randomized double blind technique into the treatment group (n=17) received mangosteen pericarp extract 2x1100mg/day and control group (n = 17) received placebo. Clinical improvements were measured in CAT score and length of stay. CAT score, plasma level of IL-6 and MDA were measured on admission and at discharge. Length of stay based on the number of days of care in hospitals. Results: There was significant difference (p=0,011) towards decreased of IL-6 plasma level between treatment group (-2,17 ± 3,46 pg/ mL) and control group (+1,67 ± 6,81 pg/mL). There were no significant difference towards decreased of length of stay (p=0,34) between treatment group (4,12 ± 1,54 days) and control group (5,24 ± 2,49 days), towards decreased of CAT score (p=0,252) between treatment group (-19,18 ± 3,96) and control group (-18,24 ± 2,75), and towards decreased of MDA plasma level (p=0,986) between treatment group (+0,03 ± 0,36μmol/L) and control group (+0,35 ± 1,58). Conclusions: The addition of mangosteen pericarp extract 2x1100mg/day during hospitalization was significantly lowered plasma levels of IL-6, but were not significant in lowering the CAT score, shortening the length of stay, and reducing the increase in plasma level of MDA.

“RESPIRATORY VIRAL INFECTION: AN UNDERRATED ENTITY THAT NEED TO CONSIDER IN MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE EXACERBATION OF COPD”

2021 ◽  
pp. 6-8
Author(s):  
Gyan Singh Meena ◽  
Ajith Kumar M S ◽  
Shashank Sharma ◽  
SP Agnihotri
Keyword(s):  
Acute Exacerbation ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Viral Etiology ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Acute Exacerbation Of Copd ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Exacerbation Of Copd

BACKGROUND: Acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) is one of the most common cause of hospital admission. It causes signicant morbidity, mortality and inexorable decline in ling function. Many exacerbations are believed to be due to upper and/ lower respiratory tract viral infections, but the incidence of these infections in patients with COPD is still undetermined. Objectives of the study are-(a) To nd out the viral etiology in patients having acute exacerbation of COPD. (b) To correlate the severity of COPD patients having exacerbations with viral etiology. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 70 AECOPD patients admitted in department of Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, SMS Medical College, Jaipur during July 2019–June 2020. Demographic and clinical parameters were recorded from each patient during admission. Twin nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swabs were collected and are tested for Respiratory viruses via RT-PCR. RESULTS: Respiratory viruses were detected in 15 of 70 (21.42%) patients during exacerbations of COPD. The viruses detected were inuenza (10%), rhinovirus (5.71%), adenovirus (4.29%) and RSV (1.42%). Majority of the patients had exacerbations in severe COPD subgroup, had duration of hospital stay of more than or equal to 5 days, had one episode of acute exacerbation per year and 5, 9, 11 respiratory viruses were detected in this group respectively. CONCLUSION: Viral infections seem to contribute to the exacerbations of COPD in our settings and should be strongly considered in the management of such patients. Considering appropriate antiviral therapy can timely reduce morbidity in an event of an inuenza viral exacerbation.

scholarly journals Quality of Life in Romanian Children with Type 1 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Survey Using an Interdisciplinary Healthcare Intervention

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 382
Author(s):  
Constanta Urzeală ◽  
Aura Bota ◽  
Silvia Teodorescu ◽  
Mihaela Vlăiculescu ◽  
Julien S Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Healthcare Intervention ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Interdisciplinary Healthcare

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the quality of life in Romanian type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) children attending an early interdisciplinary healthcare intervention. Hypothesis: engaging T1DM children in leisure sports leads to a better quality of life. Methods: This research embeds a cross-sectional observational study, incorporating some clinical characteristics relevant for diabetes management. The Kidscreen 27 questionnaire was issued to 100 T1DM children aged between 7 and 17 years. Parents completed the questionnaire. All subjects received interdisciplinary healthcare in the previous year. Statistics were performed using SPSS, v20. The required sample size of 100 subjects was obtained with a confidence interval of 95% and a sampling error of 0.009. The tests were two-sided, with a type I error set at 0.05. Results: Subjects reached an increased level of physical well-being, psychological well-being, autonomy, parent relationships, peer and social support, and school inclusion. There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) between children who practice leisure activities and children who only participated in physical education (PE) classes, regarding their physical well-being (t = 2.123). ANOVA demonstrated significant differences between age groups regarding physical well-being. Conclusion: The interdisciplinary healthcare intervention increased the efficiency of T1DM management with positive effects on life quality.

scholarly journals Multi-centre comparison of self-management in patients with COPD

2021 ◽  
pp. 00252-2021
Author(s):  
Ritsuko Wakabayashi ◽  
Jean Bourbeau ◽  
Maria F. Sedeno ◽  
Takashi Motegi ◽  
Tomoko Kutsuzawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Emergency Visits ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Significant Difference

In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), self-management (SM) plays an important role in disease management. Recently, SM programmes have expanded patient education practices to include a variety of disease management techniques. We hypothesised that COPD patients have insufficient and/or different SM needs according to institution. We compared information needs of patients between specialised clinics in Canada (SCC) and Japan (SCJ), and a hospital outpatient clinic in Japan (HCJ), all employing different SM interventions.This cross-sectional study evaluated patients’ information needs for disease management using the lung information needs questionnaire (LINQ). Further, we assessed pulmonary function tests, modified Medical Research Council dyspnoea scale (MMRC), and frequencies of hospitalisations and emergency visits.The total number of patients was 183. SCC were younger (p=0.047), with lower FEV1%predicted (p<0.0001) and scored higher on MMRC. Total LINQ scores showed differences among institutions (p<0.0001). There was no difference for the smoking domain; however, SCC recorded significantly lower information needs for all other domains (p<0.02). No significant difference in emergency visits was seen among institutions but HCJ recorded the highest rate of emergency visits, while SCC had significantly higher rates of hospitalisation (p=0.004). Differences were seen for frequency and duration of education between institutions.These results highlight the differences in information needs by institution and the importance of assessing individual needs. We believe our findings, although only one aspect of SM, reflect real-world circumstances adding to the argument that an SM education should be structured but flexible to meet the changing needs of COPD patients.

scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Study on Balance Deficits and Gait Deviations in COPD Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Priyanka Jirange ◽  
K. Vaishali ◽  
Mukesh Kumar Sinha ◽  
Kalyana Chakravarthy Bairapareddy ◽  
Gopala Krishna Alaparthi
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
Balance Deficits ◽  
Fear Of Falls

Background. The gait abnormalities were linked to the balance deficits in the previous studies. However, the deviations in the gait parameters in COPD are currently not known. The study aims to compare gait parameters, static and dynamic balance, and risk of falls in COPD with those in non-COPD individuals. Method. Fourty-two patients with COPD aged 45 years and gender-matched control subjects were included in the study. Gait parameters were assessed by Win-Track gait analyzer, the static balance was assessed by posturography, and the dynamic balance was assessed by the time up and go test. The fear of falls was assessed by Falls Efficacy Scale. Results. COPD individuals had decreased static and dynamic balance as assessed by posturography ( p < 0.05 ) and TUG ( p < 0.01 ), respectively. A significant difference in swing duration ( p = 0.004 ) and also increased risk of falls ( p < 0.01 ) was observed in COPD patients as compared to non-COPD individuals. Conclusion. COPD individuals have increased swing duration, reduced static and dynamic balance, and increased fear of falls as compared to non-COPD individuals.

scholarly journals A cross sectional study of clinical profile and evaluation of pulmonary hypertension in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease patients in a tertiary care hospital of Mangalore, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 330
Author(s):  
Kshama S. Ramesh ◽  
Devdas B. Rai ◽  
Shayma Sheikh Abdulla ◽  
Jyothsna B. K.
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Cardiac Complications ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: The objectives was to study the clinical profile of COPD patients and to evaluate pulmonary hypertension in COPD patients by non-invasive methods.Methods: A prospective observational study of patients who satisfy all inclusion and exclusion criteria in OPD or admitted in medical wards of AJIMS Mangalore. The study was conducted from October 2017 to October 2018 with the sample size of 90 subjectsResults: Out of 90 subjects 53 (58.8%) of them had pulmonary hypertension. Among the subjects who had pulmonary hypertension 29 (54.72%) of them had moderate pulmonary hypertension, 17 (32.08%) of them had severe pulmonary hypertension and 7 (13.20%) of them had mild pulmonary hypertension. Mean age among the subjects who had pulmonary hypertension was 64.24+7.62yrs and mean age among the subjects who didn’t had pulmonary hypertension was 51.87+8.97yrs. There was a statistically significant difference found between mean age and pulmonary hypertension. Mean duration of diseases among the subjects who had pulmonary hypertension was 8.13+1.74yrs and Mean duration of diseases among the subjects who didn’t had pulmonary hypertension was 5.36+1.98yrs. There was a statistically significant difference found between mean duration of disease and pulmonary hypertension.Conclusions: Due to high prevalence of pulmonary hypertension we suggest screening for the all COPD patients for cardiac complications. This will help in identifying the individual who requires close monitoring and also in reducing the mortality.

Microbiological Etiology of Chronic Cough Associated with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): A Study from Karachi, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Acute Exacerbation ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Sputum Culture ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Background: Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) worsens the respiratory symptoms that are usually triggered by infection with bacteria or viruses or by environmental pollutants. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the bacterial etiology from sputum culture in patients suffering from acute exacerbation of COPD, admitted in hospital. Methods: The study was cross sectional observational, where sputum bacterial cultures were analyzed from the patients with Acute exacerbation COPD treated in the ICU of a tertiary care hospital for pulmonary disease from January 2019 to December 2019. Two sputum samples were collected from each patient for bacterial examination. The results of sputum bacterial culture findings were expressed as frequency and percentage by using SPSS. Results: In the present study, there were 1296 patients, both males 749 (57.8%) and females 547 (42.2%). The mean age of patients was 57.39±19.74years. 470 (36.3%) showed negative culture reports. 440 (34.0%) patients had Moraxella infection, which was most common organism in all patients, and 149 (11.5%) patients had Pseudomonas infection, 157(12.1%) patients had Yeast Albicans and in only 1 (0.1%) patient Enterobacter infection were found. Other pathogens in low frequency identified were Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenzae. It was observed that the frequency of infections was linked with increasing age. Conclusion: With increasing age, people are prone to acquire pulmonary infections specifically COPD. It is therefore very important to perform sputum culture to identify the causative agents and treat the patients with appropriate antibiotic to reduce the episodes of AECOPD. Keywords: Bacteria; Sputum Culture; COPD; Antibiotic; Cough.

Early Childhood Caries and its Correlation with Secretory Immunoglobulin A

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Essie Octiara ◽  
Heriandi Sutadi ◽  
Yahwardiah Siregar ◽  
Ameta Primasari
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Community Health Center ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Siga Level ◽  
Childhood Caries

The prevalence of Early Childhood Caries (ECC) was reported quite high in several countries, including Indonesia. Many studies had reported the relationship between sIgA level and ECC. However, the results obtained were not consistent due to the cross-sectional method used in examining sIgA. Therefore the purpose of this study was to analyze the occurence of ECC and sIgA level after 9 months of observation in children aged 2 years and below. The research was observational analytic with a cohort design for 9 months. The sample size was 68 caries-free children under 2 years old, who had at least 2 erupted primary upper incisors. Subjects were taken through purposive sampling from community health center in Medan. The sIgA examination was carried out 3 times, which were at the beginning of the month, at the 3rd and 9th month. The sIgA examination used the ELISA sandwich method and been read at 450 nm using a microplate reader. Caries examination was based on AAPD criteria. Data analysis used independent t-test, Spearman correlation, and longitudinal analysis used general estimating equation (linear) test. The significant value was defined as p<0.05. The results showed that caries-free children had higher sIgA level compared to children with ECC (p=0.003). Spearman correlation test results between the deft score and sIgA level showed a significant correlation (p = 0.006) with r value = -0.33.The higher the child's deft, the lower his/her sIgA level. It was concluded that caries-free children have effective sIgA defense functions in dealing with bacterial infections that cause caries so that salivary sIgA level were found to be higher in caries-free children compared to children with ECC.

Association Between Interleukin-6 Blood Level and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Severity

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 3097-3103
Author(s):  
Theopilus Obed Lay ◽  
Muhammad Amin
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Severity Level ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Significant Difference

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is known as a chronic inflammatory disease that not only occurs in the lung, but also affects the systemic. A continuous chronic inflammation in COPD patients will have an increased proinflammatory cytokines, both in COPD patients’ respiratory tract and blood. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is one of proinflammatory cytokines that increases with COPD progression. IL-6 level examination in COPD patient’s blood as a systemic inflammation indicator is convenient and quick. The research aimed to measure IL-6 level in COPD patient’s serum, to determine COPD severity level, and to analyze correlation between IL-6 and severity level. The research is an observational analytic study using cross sectional design. The samples were 38 non-exacerbated COPD outpatients who visited Lung Unit at Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia and met inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study found no significant correlation between IL-6, COPD severity level, COPD obstruction, first forced expiratory volume (FEV1), and FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC), with p > 0.05. There was a significant correlation between IL-6 level, body mass index (BMI), and COPD assessment test (CAT) score, with p < 0.05, while there was no significant difference of IL-6 level between high-risk and low-risk patients, with p = 0.066 (p > 0.05). Moreover, there was a significant difference of IL-6 level between group A and D, with p = 0.040 (p < 0.05). There were no significant correlation and difference between COPD severities, COPD obstruction, FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FEC ratio, smoking duration with stable IL-6.

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