scholarly journals SPECTRUM OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE AND PREVALENCE OF OXA-CARBAPENEMASES AMONG ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII STRAINS, ISOLATED FROM PATIENTS OF SURGICAL AND REANIMATION DEPARTMENTS IN MOSCOW

2016 ◽  
pp. 40-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Kryzhanovskaya ◽  
A. V. Lazareva ◽  
I. V. Chebotar ◽  
Yu. A. Bocharova ◽  
N. A. Mayansky
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
Molecular Genetic Testing ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Clinically Significant

Aim. Characterize spectrum of antibiotics resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii strains, isolated from patients of 8 surgical and reanimation departments of 3 medical institution of Moscow, and determine molecular-genetic mechanisms of stability of their carbapenem-resistant forms. Materials and methods. 95 strains of A. baumannii, isolated from patients of reanimation and surgical departments of Moscow in 2012 - 2014, were studied. Sensitivity of strains to antibiotics was tested phenotypically according to recommendations of EUCAST. The presence ofVIM, IMP, OXA-23, OXA-40, OXA-48, OXA-58 and NDM genes in the studied strains was determined by polymerase chain reaction in real time. Results. 86.3% of strains turned out to be non-sensitive to carbapenems, sensitive - 13.7%. 80.0% of strains were non-sensitive to gentamicin, 80.0% of strains - to netilmicin, 94.7% of strains - to ciprofloxacin, 2.1% - to colistin. 91.6% of isolates have shown non-sensitivity to members of 2 and more classes of antibiotics, 78.9% of strains - to members of 3 classes. 2 strains were panresistant, 4.2% (4/95) of the isolates were sensitive to all the classes of antibiotics. Metallo-P-lactamases were not detected. Genes of carbapenemases (OXA-23 and/or OXA-40) were detected in 85.3% (81/95) of strains, characterized phenotypically as non-sensitive to carbapenems. Conclusion. The results obtained shown an increase of resistance to carbapenems and multiple resistance in clinically significant strains of A. baumannii. Resistance to carbapenems is associated with OXA-23 and OXA-40 genes. The conclusions allow to justify perspectives of introduction of technologies of molecular-genetic testing of antibiotics resistance.

scholarly journals Association of spine deformation progression in children with idiopathic scoliosis and folate cycle gene polymorphism

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
Alexandra N. Filippova ◽  
Alexey G. Baindurashvili ◽  
Marina V. Sogoyan ◽  
Sergey E. Khalchitsky ◽  
Dmitry N. Kokushin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Molecular Genetic Testing ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Folate Cycle ◽  
The Relationship

Background. One of the most common orthopedic pathologies in children aged 10–18 years is idiopathic scoliosis, which is diagnosed in 2%–3% of cases in the general population. Aim. To compare the distributions of the allele frequencies and folate cycle gene genotypes among the MTHFR 677 C>T (rs 1801133), MTHFR 1298 A>C (rs 1801131), MTR 2756 A>G (rs 1805087), and MTRR 66 A>G (rs 1801394) polymorphisms in patients with idiopathic scoliosis and in children without spinal deformity. To also analyze the relationship between the studied molecular-genetic markers and development of scoliosis. Materials and methods. Clinical and genetic examinations were performed in 48 children with idiopathic scoliosis and 32 healthy children. Molecular-genetic testing was performed by polymerase chain reaction. Results and discussion. We found that the percentage of carriers of pathological alleles and genotypes was higher in the children with idiopathic scoliosis than in the general population. The number of pathological alleles and genotypes associated with the MTHFR (A1289C) and MTRR genes was significantly higher in patients with idiopathic scoliosis than in the control group. Сonclusion. We found that the percentage of carriers of pathological alleles and genotypes was higher in children with idiopathic scoliosis than in the population.

scholarly journals An Outbreak of tet(X6)-Carrying Tigecycline-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates with a New Capsular Type at a Hospital in Taiwan

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1239
Author(s):  
Yu-Chia Hsieh ◽  
Jia-Wen Wu ◽  
Yi-Yin Chen ◽  
Tran Lam Tu Quyen ◽  
Wei-Chao Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Capsular Type ◽  
Pfge Profile ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Universal Primer ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Dissemination of multidrug-resistant, particularly tigecycline-resistant, Acinetobacter baumannii is of critical importance, as tigecycline is considered a last-line antibiotic. Acquisition of tet(X), a tigecycline-inactivating enzyme mostly found in strains of animal origin, imparts tigecycline resistance to A. baumannii. Herein, we investigated the presence of tet(X) variants among 228 tigecycline-non-susceptible A. baumannii isolates from patients at a Taiwanese hospital via polymerase chain reaction using a newly designed universal primer pair. Seven strains (3%) carrying tet(X)-like genes were subjected to whole genome sequencing, revealing high DNA identity. Phylogenetic analysis based on the PFGE profile clustered the seven strains in a clade, which were thus considered outbreak strains. These strains, which were found to co-harbor the chromosome-encoded tet(X6) and the plasmid-encoded blaOXA-72 genes, showed a distinct genotype with an uncommon sequence type (Oxford ST793/Pasteur ST723) and a new capsular type (KL129). In conclusion, we identified an outbreak clone co-carrying tet(X6) and blaOXA-72 among a group of clinical A. baumannii isolates in Taiwan. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of tet(X6) in humans and the first report of a tet(X)-like gene in Taiwan. These findings identify the risk for the spread of tet(X6)-carrying tigecycline- and carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii in human healthcare settings.

A Study of the Efficiency of Modern Domestic Disinfectants in the System of TB Control Activities

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Paliy ◽  
A. Zavgorodniy ◽  
B. Stegniy ◽  
A. Gerilovych
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Tb Control ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
And Control ◽  
Chemical Groups ◽  
Test Objects

Due to the absence of elaborated effi cient means for specifi c prevention of bovine tuberculosis, it is ex- tremely important to detect and eliminate the source of infection and to take veterinary and sanitary preven- tive measures. Here the critical role is attributed to disinfection, which breaks the epizootic chain due to the elimination of pathogenic microorganisms in the environment and involves the application of disinfectants of different chemical groups. Aim. To study the tuberculocidal properties of new disinfectants DZPT-2 and FAG against atypical mycobacteria Mycobacterium fortitum and a TB agent Mycobacterium bovis. Methods. The bacteriological and molecular-genetic methods were used. Results. It was determined that DZPT-2 prepara- tion has bactericidal effect on M. fortuitum when used in the concentration of 2.0 % of the active ingredient (AI) when exposed for 5–24 h, while disinfectant FAG has a bactericidal effect in the concentration of 2.0 % when exposed for 24 h. Disinfectant DZPT-2 in the concentration of 2.0 % of the AI, when exposed for 5–24 h, and FAG preparation in the concentration of 2.0 %, when exposed for 24 h, and with the norm of consump- tion rate of 1 cubic decimeter per 1 square meter disinfect the test-objects (batiste, wood, glazed tile, metal, glass), contaminated with the TB agent M. bovis. Conclusions. Disinfecting preparations of DZPT-2 in the concentration of 2.0 % of AI when exposed for 5 h and FAG in the concentration of 2.0 % when exposed for 24 h may be used in the complex of veterinary and sanitary measures to prevent and control TB of farm ani- mals. The possibility of using the polymerase chain reaction as an additional method of estimating tuberculo- cide activity of disinfectants was proven.

scholarly journals A comparative evaluation of two chromogenic media for surveillance of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales with non-carbapenemase-producing or carbapenemase-producing strains other than blaKPC: blaGES-5, blaNDM-1 or blaVIM-2

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-176
Author(s):  
Chang-Hun Park
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Contact Precaution ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Background Infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CREs) are an emerging problem associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. CREs are divided into two categories (carbapenemase-producing [CP] CRE and non-CP CRE). The most prevalent carbapenemase produced by Enterobacterales is Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) in Korea. Rapid identification of CREs is clinically important in infection control precaution. We compared the performance of two chromogenic media (chromID CARBA agar and CHROMagar KPC agar) for non-CP CREs or CP CREs with blaGES-5, blaNDM-1 or blaVIM-2 in a Korean hospital. Methods The study was carried out during a 3-month period from April to June 2017 during the surveillance program for CRE colonization. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were performed at the Korean Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Results A total of 45 rectal swabs from 42 hospitalized patients were examined. Sensitivity of both chromID CARBA and CHROMagar KPC were 100% for CP CREs; and 50% and 100% for non-CP CREs, respectively. Specificity of chromID CARBA and CHROMagar KPC were 89.2% and 70.3% for CP CRE, respectively; and 76.9% and 66.7% for non-CP CRE, respectively. Conclusions The CHROMagar KPC is useful to monitor non-CP and CP CREs. The chromID CARBA is efficient for rapid detection of CP CREs requiring high contact precaution.

Diagnostic Value of Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction in Detection of Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia from Sepsis in Pediatrics

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Galeb ◽  
Maysaa El Sayed Zaki ◽  
Raghdaa Shrief ◽  
Rasha Hassan ◽  
Mohamed Anies
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia ◽  
Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Background: Proper identification of the causative organism in pediatric sepsis is crucial for early diagnosis and prevention of septic shock and organ failure. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to detect Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia from positive blood cultures for these pathogens isolated from children, with hospital-acquired sepsis compared to the conventional biochemical reactions for identification of these organisms. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study performed on 100 isolates from pediatric blood cultures, including Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. The study also included 100 isolates of Escherichia coli as a negative control. All isolates were identified by API 20NE and the multiplex PCR, with primers specific to the 3 tested bacteria. Results: Multiplex PCR was positive in 96% of isolates, and 4 isolates had negative results. False positive results were reported with three E. coli strains. Multiplex PCR identified all the isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii, 29 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and 27 isolates of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Compared to the biochemical identification, the diagnostic value of the multiplex PCR revealed 96.04% sensitivity, 96.9% specificity, 97.00%, positive predictive value, 96.00% negative predictive value, and 96.50% accuracy. Conclusion: The present study highlights the diagnostic value of multiplex PCR to identify Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia from positive blood cultures. Multiplex PCR was sensitive, specific, and accurate. The accuracy differs according to the organisms, with 100% accuracy for Acinetobacter baumannii.

scholarly journals Carbapenemase Production and Epidemiological Characteristics of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in Western Chongqing, China

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan Huang ◽  
Jisheng Zhang ◽  
Lingyi Zeng ◽  
Chengru Yang ◽  
Lining Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

BackgroundThis study aimed to determine the molecular characteristics of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) isolates in a hospital in western Chongqing, southwestern China.MethodsA total of 127 unique CRKP isolates were collected from the Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, identified using a VITEK-2 compact system, and subjected to microbroth dilution to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration. Enterobacteriaceae intergenic repeat consensus polymerase chain reaction and multilocus sequence typing were used to analyze the homology among the isolates. Genetic information, including resistance and virulence genes, was assessed using polymerase chain reaction. The genomic features of the CRKP carrying gene blaKPC-2 were detected using whole-genome sequencing.ResultsST11 was the dominant sequence type in the homology comparison. The resistance rate to ceftazidime-avibactam in children was much higher than that in adults as was the detection rate of the resistance gene blaNDM (p < 0.0001). Virulence genes such as mrkD (97.6%), uge (96.9%), kpn (96.9%), and fim-H (84.3%) had high detection rates. IncF (57.5%) was the major replicon plasmid detected, and sequencing showed that the CRKP063 genome contained two plasmids. The plasmid carrying blaKPC-2, which mediates carbapenem resistance, was located on the 359,625 base pair plasmid IncFII, together with virulence factors, plasmid replication protein (rep B), stabilizing protein (par A), and type IV secretion system (T4SS) proteins that mediate plasmid conjugation transfer.ConclusionOur study aids in understanding the prevalence of CRKP in this hospital and the significant differences between children and adults, thus providing new ideas for clinical empirical use of antibiotics.

scholarly journals Investigation of Carbapenemase Genes in Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacterales Isolates: First KPC Report From Dokuz Eylul University Hospital

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Şeyda Şilan Okalin ◽  
Ayşe Nur Sarı Kaygısız ◽  
Mahmut Cem Ergon ◽  
İbrahim Mehmet Ali Öktem
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Tracheal Aspirate ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Carbapenemase Gene ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Objective: In recent years, increasing carbapenem resistance of Enterobacterales bacteria limits treatment options, considerably. The main mechanism of this resistance is the production of carbapenemase enzymes. The aim of this study is to determine carbapenemase gene types in Enterobacterales isolates from our hospitalized patients and assess the clonal associations of the isolates with KPC gene. Method: A total of 48 clinical Enterobacterales isolates resistant to at least one carbapeneme and received between January 2019 and March 2019 were included in the study. Sample types were consisted of urine, blood, tracheal aspirate, wound and sputum. Of these isolates, three were Escherichia coli while 45 were Klebsiella pneumoniae. Types of carbapenemases were investigated by polymerase chain reaction, using specific primers for VIM, IMP, NDM, KPC and OXA-48 genes. PFGE was performed to determine the clonal associations between blaKPC positive K. pnemoniae isolates. Results: According to the results, blaOXA-48 (n=2) and blaKPC (n=1) were found to be present among E. coli isolates. Regarding 45 K. pneumoniae isolates; only blaOXA-48 and only blaNDM were present in 30 and two isolates, respectively. Seven K. pneumoniae isolates were found positive for both blaOXA-48 and blaNDM. Remaining K. pneumoniae isolates (n=6) harboured only blaKPC. None of the isolates were positive for blaIMP and blaVIM. PFGE analysis showed four isolates had the same pulsotype (A), while two had different pulsotypes (B-C). Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first report of KPC gene isolated in Dokuz Eylul University Hospital.

scholarly journals Development of Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay for Detection of Clinically Significant Members of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus–baumannii Complex and Associated Carbapenem Resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Sharma ◽  
Rajni Gaind
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Lamp Assay ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Acinetobacter Calcoaceticus ◽  
Isothermal Amplification ◽  
Colony Count ◽  
Dna Concentration ◽  
Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Clinically Significant

Background:Acinetobacter calcoaceticus–baumannii (ACB) complex has emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen and is associated with life-threatening infections, especially among ICU patients, including neonates. Carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged globally and is commonly mediated by blaOXA-23. Clinically significant infections with carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) are a major concern since therapeutic options are limited and associated mortality is high. Early diagnosis of both the pathogen and resistance is important to initiate the optimal therapy and prevent selection of resistance. In the current study, a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay was developed for rapid detection of the ACB complex and carbapenem resistance mediated by blaOXA-23.Methodology: Universal LAMP primers were designed for the detection of significant members of the ACB complex and carbapenem resistance targeting the ITS 16S–23S rRNA and blaOXA-23 gene respectively. The optimal conditions for the LAMP assay were standardized for each primer set using standard ATCC strains. The sensitivity of the LAMP assay was assessed based on the limit of detection (LOD) using different DNA concentrations and colony counts. The specificity of LAMP was determined using the non-ACB complex and non-Acinetobacter species. The results of the LAMP assay were compared with those of polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Results: The optimal temperature for the LAMP assay was 65°C, and the detection time varied with various primers designed. Using the ITS Ab1 primer, LODs of LAMP and PCR assays were 100 pg/μl and 1 ng/μl of DNA concentration and 104 cfu/ml and 108 cfu/ml of colony count, respectively. The LAMP assay was 10- and 104-fold more sensitive than PCR using DNA concentration and colony count, respectively. The LAMP assay was found to be specific for clinically important ACB complex species.Significance of the study: The LAMP assay can be applied for early detection of significant species of the ACB complex from clinical samples and their carbapenem-resistant variants. Depending on the emerging pathogen and locally prevalent resistance genes, the LAMP assay can be modified for detection of colonization or infection by various resistant bugs.

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