scholarly journals A Wireless World. One Hundred Years since the Nobel Prize to Guglielmo Marconi

2012 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communications ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Scientific Education ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
History Of ◽  
Guglielmo Marconi ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time ◽  
Selection Of

The volume is dedicated to the one hundred years since Guglielmo Marconi was awarded the Nobel Prize (1909). The choice of honoring Marconi in this centennial occasion stems from the huge impact that wireless communications had on society. The book is divided into four parts covering the life of Marconi and his environment up to the Nobel Prize: "Part I – Documents," comprehends four contributions tightly linked to the Nobel Prize awarding to Marconi in 1909. "Part II - Marconi road to the Nobel Prize," proposes some deepening on the work of Marconi before his Nobel Prize, relevant to his scientific education and to particular and not well known events in the years of his first experiments. "Part III - Marconi's contemporary and later related scientists," presents Ferdinand Braun, who shared the Nobel Prize with Marconi, as well as other scientists related to wireless communications. "Part IV - Devices and collections in Sweden and Italy," shows a selection of the cultural heritage, Italian and Swedish, about the history of telecommunications engineering. The book presents several images and illustrations, some of which published here for the first time.

The history of construction of St. Petersburg museums in the time of Nicholas II

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (12-2) ◽  
pp. 60-68
Author(s):  
Marina Deveykis
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Spiritual Development ◽  
Stylistic Analysis ◽  
Museum Architecture ◽  
Architectural Styles ◽  
Important Region ◽  
History Of Construction ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

The topic is relevant, since the museum, having become a civilization achievement, has been serving the spiritual development of society for over three centuries and preserving St. Petersburg’s cultural heritage. The article considers the peculiarities of building museums in the most important region of the country, different architectural styles of museum buildings, for the first time the grouping of all created museums of St. Petersburg from 1894 to 1917 in accordance with the areas of museum architecture was carried out, the problems faced by architects in designing museum buildings of each group were highlighted, the degree of dependence between museum founders and types of buildings was determined. The methods of historicism, artistic and stylistic analysis and systematization were used in the research.

Live birth following the first mutation specific pre-implantation genetic diagnosis for haemophilia A

2006 ◽  
Vol 95 (02) ◽  
pp. 373-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Tuddenham ◽  
Cathy Turner ◽  
Ben Lavender ◽  
Stuart Lavery ◽  
Katerina Michaelides
Keyword(s):  
Live Birth ◽  
Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
Proteinase K ◽  
Amplification Efficiency ◽  
Haemophilia A ◽  
Singleton Pregnancy ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
Selection Of

SummaryHaemophilia A is an X-linked, recessive, inherited bleeding disorder which affects 1 in 5000 males born worldwide. It is caused by mutations in the FactorVIII (F8) gene on chromosome Xq28. We describe for the first time two mutation specific, single cell protocols for pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) of haemophilia A that enable the selection of both male and female unaffected embryos. This approach offers an alternative to sexing, frequently used for X-linked disorders, that results in the discarding of all male embryos including the 50% that would have been normal. Two families witha history of severe haemophilia A requested carrier diagnosis and subsequently proceeded to PGD. The mutation in family1 isa single nucleotide substitution c. 5953C>T, R1966X in exon 18 and in family 2, c. 5122C>T, R1689C in exon 14 of the F8 gene. Amplification efficiency was compared between distilled water and SDS/proteinase K cell lysis (98.0%, 96/98 and 80%, 112/140 respectively) using 238 single lymphocytes. Blastomeres from spare IVF cleavage-stage embryos donated for research showed amplification efficiencies of 83.3% (45/54) for the R1966X and 92.9% (13/14) for the R1689C mutations. The rate of allele dropout (ADO) on heterozygous lymphocytes was 1.1% (1/93) for R1966X and 5.94% (6/101) for R1689C mutations. A single PGD treatment cycle for family1 resulted in two embryos for transfer but these failed to implant. However, with family 2, two embryos were transferred to the uterus on day 4 resulting in a successful singleton pregnancy and subsequent live birth of a normal non-carrier female.

Winners of the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 2020

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
Oksana Aleksandrovna Rybachok
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
The Body ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
First Time ◽  
Selection Of

Despite the height of the coronavirus infection, the Nobel Prize in Medicine was awarded in Stockholm in October 2020. This event was held online for the first time and was not accompanied by the traditional honoring of the laureates. In his will, Alfred Nobel entrusted the selection of the winner in this nomination to the Karolinska Medical and Surgical University of Stockholm, and the first award in this nomination took place in 1901. Since then, this event has been held 110 times, and 216 scientists have become laureates of the prize in the field of physiology and medicine, since the nominees are often not just one, but a group of researchers. This happened in 2020 - for research in the field of studying the hepatitis C virus, three scientists received the most prestigious award: the British Michael Houghton and the Americans Harvey Alter and Charles Rice. Due to the results of the research, which these three people conducted separately from each other, for the first time it became possible to completely eliminate the virus from the body.

Hungary, philosophy in

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laszlo Perecz
Keyword(s):  
German Idealism ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
History Of Thought ◽  
Philosophical Language ◽  
History Of ◽  
Institutional System ◽  
Philosophical Life ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time

The situation of Hungarian philosophy can be best illustrated by two sayings: ‘there are Hungarian philosophers, but there is no Hungarian philosophy’, and ‘a certain period of Hungarian philosophy stretches from Descartes to Kant’. The two ideas are closely connected. Thus on the one hand, there is such a thing as Hungarian philosophy: there are scientific-educational institutions in philosophical life and there are philosophers working in these institutions. On the other hand, there is no such thing as Hungarian philosophy: it is a history of adoption, largely consisting of attempts to introduce and embrace the great trends of Western thought. After some preliminaries in the medieval and early-modern periods, Hungarian philosophy started to develop at the beginning of the nineteenth century. As a result of the reception of German idealism – the so-called Kant debate and Hegel debate – the problems of philosophy were formulated as independent problems for the first time, and a philosophical language began to evolve. After an attempt to create a ‘national philosophy’ – and after some outstanding individual achievements – the institutionalization of Hungarian philosophy accelerated at the end of the century. The early years of the twentieth century brought the first heyday of philosophy to Hungary, with the rapid reception of new idealist trends and notable original contributions. In the period between the two wars the development stopped: many philosophers were forced to emigrate, and Geistesgeschichte (the history of thought) became prevalent in philosophical life. Following the communist take-over, the institutions of ‘bourgeois’ philosophy were eliminated, and Marxism-Leninism, which legitimated political power, took a monopolistic position. During this period, the only significant works created were in the tradition of critical Marxism and philosophical opposition. The changes in 1989 regenerated the institutional system, and the articulation of international contemporary trends – analytic philosophy, hermeneutic tradition and postmodernism – came to the fore. Besides some works by thinkers in exile, Hungarian philosophy has produced only one achievement which can be considered significant at an international level: the oeuvre of György (Georg) Lukács.

No Silver Medal for Nobel Prize Contenders

2016 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Hansson ◽  
Heiner Fangerau ◽  
Annette Tuffs ◽  
Igor J. Polianski
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Nobel Committee ◽  
History Of ◽  
Silver Medal ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
First Time ◽  
Carl Koller

Abstract Taking the examples of the pioneers Carl Ludwig Schleich, Carl Koller, and Heinrich Braun, this article provides a first exploratory account of the history of anesthesiology and the Nobel Prize for physiology or medicine. Besides the files collected at the Nobel Archive in Sweden, which are presented here for the first time, this article is based on medical literature of the early 20th century. Using Nobel Prize nominations and Nobel committee reports as points of departure, the authors discuss why no anesthesia pioneer has received this coveted trophy. These documents offer a new perspective to explore and to better understand aspects of the history of anesthesiology in the first half of the 20th century.

Sprachwandel und Etymologie in Der Spanischen Sprachwissenschaft Des Siglo De Oro

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 95-116
Author(s):  
Werner Bahner
Keyword(s):  
National Language ◽  
Siglo De Oro ◽  
Good Opportunity ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of Linguistics ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
First Time

Summary The Renaissance constitutes a new phase in the history of linguistics. The study of modern languages in particular contributed to enlarge the scope of philological concern as scholars try to promote and to codify a young national language. During this time philologists give particular attention to the origin of these vernaculars, distinguishing the different stages in their evolution and developing an especial awareness of chronology. For the representatives of a national philology, Latin is the starting point, the mould according to which the vernaculars are described and classified. Soon, however, more and more traits are recognized which are particular to these living languages, and which do not agree with the traditions of Latin grammar. On the one hand, modifications on the theoretical level are called for, and, on the other, there is a good opportunity to demonstrate the particularity of a given vernacular. All these tendencies can be found for the first time in the writings on Cas-tillian by the great philologist Antonio de Nebrija (1444–1522). Nebrija recognized a series of phonetic correspondences which, much later in the 19th century, are transformed into ‘phonetic laws’ by a rigorous methodology. In so doing the elaboration of orthographic principles had been for him a stimulus for his explications. In his “Diálogo de la lengua”, Juan de Valdés (devoted himself more extensively to the social aspects of Castillian, to linguistic changes, and to the historical causes for the distribution of Romance languages on the Iberian peninsula, stressing expecially the role of the ‘Reconquista’. The work of Bernardo José de Aldrete (1560–1641) offers a synthesis of all these efforts concerning the evolution of Castillian. He discusses all the substrata and superstrata of the language, sketches the different stages of development of his native tongue, examines Old Castillian with the help of medieval texts, and exploits what Nebrija had noted about the phonetic correspondences. In terms of scholarship, Aldrete’s work constitutes the culmination point in the movement engaged in supporting the rights of the Castillian language et in documenting its sovereignity vis-à-vis the Latin tradition.

The Regulation of Transnational Corporate Identity in Europe

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 1167-1192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orfeo Fioretos
Keyword(s):  
International Market ◽  
Corporate Identity ◽  
Government Behavior ◽  
History Of Capitalism ◽  
History Of ◽  
Legislative Initiative ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time ◽  
Rule Making ◽  
International Rule

Rules governing the corporate identity of multinational companies are national in nature, with the one exception of the European Company Statute. For the first time in the history of capitalism, this statute enables companies to jettison national rules of incorporation in favor of an international legal identity. This article explains why the statute was the most protracted legislative initiative in the history of European integration and why its final form served significantly to constrain the international market for corporate identity in Europe. Its explanations are anchored in an institutional theory of government behavior that draws on the varieties of capitalism and historical institutionalism traditions. The article concludes with suggestions for how these traditions can be extended beyond their normal purview as a means to giving analytical and substantive nuance to the study of international rule-making.

scholarly journals A new stage in the study of the medieval Solkhat and its districts (Review of the Book: A Code of Monuments of History, Architecture and Culture of the Crimean Tatars. Volume IV. Old Crimea)

2021 ◽  
pp. 261-268
Author(s):  
Vadim V. Maiko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
The State ◽  
Complete List ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Cultural Heritage Objects ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
First Time

The review considered the next IV Volume of a multi-volume publication: A Code of monuments of history, architecture and culture of the Crimean Tatars, prepared jointly by the Crimean Scientific Center of Sh. Marjani Institute of history of Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan, the Department of History of Fevzi Yakubov “Crimean Engineering and Pedagogical University” and the State Hermitage with the involvement of specialists studying the history and archeology of Solkhat. This volume is entirely devoted to the monuments of history, archeology and architecture of Solkhat – Stary Krym and its district of the second half of the XIII-XIX centuries. For the first time in Russian historiography, the most complete list of cultural heritage objects has been collected. All archaeological works were carried out in Solkhat and its district from the second half of the 1920s and up to today. Previously unpublished photographs and drawings are given in the volume. This publication is rightly considered a new stage in the study of this unique historical place of the Crimea.

scholarly journals Geographical aspects of the changes of Hungary’s deconcentrated state administration system between 1990 and 2012

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 59-69
Author(s):  
Gábor Kozma ◽  
Attila Barta
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
County Level ◽  
Administration System ◽  
State Administration ◽  
Territorial Structure ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract One of the most important segments of the post-1990 transformation of territory-based administration in Hungary was the changing of the geographical structure of deconcentrated state administrative organisations. The study, on the one hand, provides a brief overview of the history of deconcentrated state administrative organisations in Hungary, and discusses the regional characteristics of the organisational transformations after the political changes, taking six moments in time (the middle of 1994, 1998, 2002, 2006, 2010 and 2012 respectively) as the basis. On the other hand, using the same six snapshots in time, it examines which settlements experienced favourable or unfavourable changes, and what factors influenced the selection of the seats for these institutions. The results of the survey indicated that the alignment of territorial structure of deconcentrated state administrative organizations to the planning-statistical, NUTS 2 regions has already begun at the end of the 1990s. The government formed in 2006 took significant steps in the area of aligning the spatial structure of the organizations with the planning-statistical regions; however, in the period after 2010 the significance of the county level increased again. In the period examined, no significant changes took place at the top and at the bottom of the list according to the number of seats: the largest settlements of the individual regions reinforced their leading positions.

scholarly journals On Eminescu’s philosophy of history: towards an English anthology of relevant texts

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-258
Author(s):  
Catalin Pavel
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academic Philosophy ◽  
Per Se ◽  
First Time ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Historical Thought

The present paper aims to offer Anglophone researchers a selection of translated quotes from Mihai Eminescu’s non-literary oeuvre, relevant to the philosophy of history of the most complex Romanian author of the nineteenth century. It should thus become possible to reconsider Eminescu’s position within the concert of European philosophers of history. The fragments gathered here stem mainly from his activity as a cultural and political journalist, throughout which he voiced, albeit unsystematically, his views on history. Although he did not ultimately articulate an academic philosophy of history per se, these fragments, now available in English for the first time, may give valuable insights into Eminescu’s conception of history. Above all else, they meaningfully complement whatever can be gleaned from Eminescu’s already translated poetry or literary prose. Hopefully the fragments presented here will aid scholars in establishing more precisely what Eminescu’s views on history owe to Schopenhauer’s metaphysics and what to the proper philosophy of history he could find in Hegel. This is a double allegiance scholars have also recognized in Maiorescu’s work. By the same token, it would further be important to chart Eminescu’s ambivalence towards Hegel, an ambivalence also visible in the works of Romanian philosopher Vasile Conta. Finally, the fragments below may help to bring to the fore the complex interplay between Hegelian theodicy and Kantian teleology in Eminescu’s historical thought.

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