scholarly journals Chagas Disease in the Western Brazilian Amazon: Epidemiological Overview from 2007 to 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-92
Author(s):  
Fernanda Portela Madeira ◽  
Adila Costa de Jesus ◽  
Madson Huilber da Silva Moraes ◽  
Natália Froeder Barroso ◽  
Gabriela Vieira de Souza Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Oral Transmission ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Cruzi Infection

Introduction: Chagas disease (CD) is a disease caused by the protozoan flagellates of the Kinetoplastid order Trypanosoma cruzi. Approximately 8,000,000 people are infected worldwide, mainly in Latin America, causing disabilities and more than 10,000 deaths per year. Objective: This study aimed to describe the epidemiological panorama of CD in the Western Brazilian Amazon from 2007 to 2018. Methods: In this ecological study, secondary data regarding the confirmed cases of T. cruzi infection in the states of Acre, Amazonas, Rondônia, and Roraima were collected from the Single Health System Notification Information System of the Department of Informatics of the Single Health System and were analyzed. The data were used to characterize the epidemiological profile of T. cruzi infection and to determine the frequency of infection in Western Amazonia. Results: A total of 184 cases of CD were reported in Western Amazonia, and the highest number of cases was reported in the states of Amazonas and Acre. Conclusion: The epidemiological panorama of the Western Brazilian Amazon from 2007 to 2018 includes a greater number of cases of T. cruzi infection in men aged 20–39 years and those living in rural areas. Oral transmission was prevalent in the region during the study, and the highest number of cases was reported in the months of April and December. Epidemiological data are an important resource for understanding the dynamics of CD and the main aspects related to the health-disease process.

scholarly journals Reduction of incidence and relapse or recrudescence cases of malaria in the western region of the Brazilian Amazon

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (09) ◽  
pp. 1181-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel de Deus Vieira ◽  
Karla Nayma Mundt Gim ◽  
Guilherme Mendes Zaqueo ◽  
Thaianne da Cunha Alves ◽  
Tony Hiroshi Katsuragawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
The State ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Socioeconomic Indicators ◽  
Unified Health System ◽  
Main Activity ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

Introduction: Malaria is one of the major parasitic diseases in the State of Rondônia, located in the western Brazilian Amazon. The basic treatment scheme for this disease is chloroquine and primaquine. This study evaluated the epidemiological profile of malaria in Rondônia between 2008 and 2012. Methodology: The epidemiological data were provided by the Health Surveillance Agency from the State of Rondônia, and socioeconomic indicators were obtained from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System, and from the National Institute for Space Research. The analyzed variables included year of diagnosis, gender, age group, main activity performed in the 15 days previous to the diagnosis, parasite species, level of parasitemia, number of relapse/recrudescence cases, and socioeconomic and environmental data for Rondônia. Results: A total of 238,626 cases of malaria were recorded in Rondônia during the study period. Of this total, 65.6% were men and the most prevalent age group was 20–39 years. Plasmodium vivax was the most common parasite (89.8%), followed by Plasmodium   falciparum (9.4%). An average of 30.9% of the individuals who were tested presented with relapse/recrudescence malaria. The API value was highest in 2008 and lowest in 2012, corresponding to 42.3 cases and 19.2 cases per 1,000 inhabitants, respectively. Conclusions: A 58% reduction in the number of malaria cases and a 36.2% reduction in the number of relapse/recrudescence malaria cases were observed, due to increases in the economy, improvements in the health system, and reduction of deforestation in this region.

scholarly journals Epidemiological profile of patients served due to official accidents in the north of Brazil, Amazon Region, in the period from 2009 to 2019

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-59
Author(s):  
Larissa Queiroz Costa Carneiro ◽  
Isabela Menezes Barbosa ◽  
Igor de Souza Cardoso ◽  
Cláudio Alberto Gellis de Mattos Dias ◽  
Euzébio de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
The North ◽  
Unified Health System ◽  
Significant Public Health Problem ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

Ophidian accidents are a significant public health problem worldwide, due to both their frequency and morbidity and mortality. In Brazil, during the years 2009 to 2019 there were 313,139 registered cases, of which 151,565 occurred in the North Region, making explicit the importance of studying this disease in that Region. The objective of the present study is to determine the epidemiological profile of the affected patients (age and sex), the accident itself (UF, month, year, time to attend) and the snake gender of the accidents that occurred in the Northern region of Brazil. Secondary data were obtained through access to the Information Department of the Brazilian Unified Health System (DATASUS), at the electronic address www.datasus.gov.br, in the SIH / SUS Hospital Information System. It was found that the accidents occurred mainly in rural areas, with men, in socioeconomically active age, caused by snakes of the Bothrops genus. Several cases could be classified as accidents at work, these could be avoided or minimized with appropriate personal protective equipment and guidelines.

scholarly journals Outbreak of acute Chagas disease associated with oral transmission in the Rio Negro region, Brazilian Amazon

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 510-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita de Cassia de Souza-Lima ◽  
Maria das Gracas Vale Barbosa ◽  
Jose Rodrigues Coura ◽  
Ana Ruth Lima Arcanjo ◽  
Adelaide da Silva Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Oral Transmission ◽  
Rio Negro ◽  
Acute Chagas Disease

scholarly journals Chagas' disease in the Brazilian Amazon: III. a cross-sectional sutdy

1995 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 415-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Rodrigues Coura ◽  
Henry Percy Faraco Willcox ◽  
Margarita Arboleda Naranjo ◽  
Octavio Fernandes ◽  
Daurita Darci de Paiva
Keyword(s):  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Positive Serology ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Rio Negro ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Town ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescent

Two serological surveys for Chagas' infection were carried out, in 1991 and 1993, respectively, using a conglomerate family samples from the residents in the town of Barcelos (in the northern part of the State of Amazonas, on the right bank of the Rio Negro, 490 Km up-river from Manaus), using indirect immunofluorescent tests for anti-T. cruzi antibodies. In the first survey (1991), 628 blood samples from the residents of 142 dwellings were tested, showing positive in 12.7% for anti-T. cruzi antibodies and in 1993 an other 658 samples from residents of 171 dwellings showed positive in 13.7% of the tests, thus confirming the previous results. From 170 individuals with positive serology for T. cruzi antibodies, 112 (66%) were interviewed and submitted to electrocardiographic and clinical examinations; 82 (73.2%) of them gave consent for xenodiagnosis. From the 112 interviewed 52 (46.4%) recognized the triatomines as "piaçavas' lice", 48 (42.8%) knew the bugs from their work places being gatherers of piaçava fibers in rural areas and 19 (16.9%) said that have been bitten by bugs in their huts. Only 2 (2.4%) of 82 xenodiagnosis applied were positive for T. cruzi and 9 (8%) of the ECG had alterations compatible with Chagas' disease.

scholarly journals Chagas Disease Infection Reactivation after Heart Transplant

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria da Consolação Vieira Moreira ◽  
José Renan Cunha-Melo
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Heart Transplant ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Chagasic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Cruzi Infection

Chagas disease, caused by a Trypanosona cruzi infection, is one of the main causes of heart failure in Latin America. It was originally a health problem endemic to South America, predominantly affecting residents of poor rural areas. With globalization and increasing migratory flows from these areas to large cities, the immigration of T. cruzi chronically-infected people to developed, non-endemic countries has occurred. This issue has emerged as an important consideration for heart transplant professionals. Currently, Chagas patients with end-stage heart failure may need a heart transplantation (HTx). This implies that in post-transplant immunosuppression therapy to avoid rejection in the recipient, there is the possibility of T. cruzi infection reactivation, increasing the morbidity and mortality rates. The management of heart transplant recipients due to Chagas disease requires awareness for early recognition and parasitic treatment of T. cruzi infection reactivation. This issue poses challenges for heart transplant professionals, especially regarding the differential diagnosis between rejection and reactivation episodes. The aim of this review is to discuss the complexity of the Chagas disease reactivation phenomenon in patients submitted to HTx for end-stage chagasic cardiomyopathy.

scholarly journals The epidemiological profile of malaria in a municipality in the Brazilian Amazon

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 599-608
Author(s):  
Raquel Alves Fernandes ◽  
and Daniela Soares Leite
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
North Brazil ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax Malaria ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

Malaria is a tropical disease caused by protozoa of the genus Plasmodium (Aconoidasida: Haemosporida: Plasmodiidae). The Brazilian Amazon is the area with the highest risk of malaria transmission in the country. The aim of this study was to trace the epidemiological profile of malaria patients between 2010 and 2015, in the Municipality of Marabá, State of Pará, North Brazil. Secondary data were used, of Sivep-malaria of the Municipal Health Department of the municipality. The variables analyzed were the incidence autochthonous or imported cases, genus, species of the causative parasite infection during pregnancy and parasitic annual index. Data analysis used the Chi-Square Test, in the Biostat 5.0. The annual parasitic index (IPA) of malaria cases in Marabá in 2010 was 3.7, followed by the year of 2011 with 2.7, from the year 2012 the IPA drops sharply to 0.68, followed by the years 2013, 2014 and 2015, which presented an IPA of 0.1, 0.07 and 0.01 respectively. Data on the contamination site revealed that 51% of the cases in the period studied were of imported origin and 49% were autochthonous, and there was no significant statistical difference between the years. Males were the most affected by the disease (67%). The most common parasitic species was Plasmodium vivax. Malaria cases have been reduced over the years, and this is due to several factors, such as better access to the diagnosis and treatment of the disease, to the control of the vectors, and to the constant work of epidemiological surveillance, although underreporting is still a great problem in the measurement of the actual numbers of cases.

scholarly journals Estudio Transversal: Perfil Epidemiológico de Sífilis Notificada en el Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública. Zonas 6 y 7 Ecuador

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-104
Author(s):  
José Ignacio Ortiz Segarra ◽  
Heráclito Euclides Bedor Jurado ◽  
María Cristina Narváez Riofrío ◽  
Pedro Fernando Ortiz Mejía ◽  
Luis Mauricio Sanmartín Sagbay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factors ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

BACKGROUND: Syphilis constitutes a challenge for national and global public health due to the repercussions on human life. The objective of the study was to characterize the epidemiological profile of the cases of syphilis treated in the health system of zones 6 and 7. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of secondary data collected in the form of investigation / notification of syphilis of all people attended and diagnosed by fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption tests. The inclusion criteria were the clinical and epidemiological data of suspicion for syphilis. The variables analyzed were age, sex, origin, residence and diagnostic tests. Odds Ratio and Chi2 were used for the statistical inference analysis using the Epi info 7.2 programs RESULTS: 72 % of people diagnosed with syphilis are between 20 and 49 years old, 53 % of women. The confirmatory tests were reactive in 75 % of the cases, of which 27 % presented non-reactive serological tests and 77 % without previous tests. The provinces with the highest incidence of cases were Cañar (93 %) and Morona Santiago (87 %). Protective factors were female sex (OR 0.41, 95 % CI 0.25 - 0.68) and residence in the province of Loja (OR 0.21, 95 % CI 0.10 - 0.46) CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of cases of syphilis is found in the age group of 20 to 49 years andmale. The protective factors identified in a statistically significant manner were female sex and residence in the province of Loja. It is suggested to develop strategies to expand coverage in people with suspected syphilis, to undertake prevention and health promotion programs.

scholarly journals Clinico-epidemiological evaluation of patients with sinonasal masses attending a tertiary care hospital in Jharkhand: a three year retrospective study

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Ranbir Kumar Pandey ◽  
Dheeraj Kumar ◽  
Nisha Shrivastava ◽  
Nishant Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Nasal Obstruction ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Nasal cavity may contain wide variety of masses within by which this organ differs from the rest of the body. Benign nasal and paranasal sinus masses are commonly encountered in clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to classify various types of sinonasal masses and characterize their clinico-epidemiological profile in a tertiary care hospital of Jharkhand. The objectives of the study was<strong> </strong> to evaluate the clinico-epidemiological profile of nasal masses in patients attending ear, nose, throat and head and neck surgery (ENT &amp; HNS) OPD of Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Ranchi from January 2013 to December 2015)  and to classify the nasal masses according to their percentage of occurrence<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This retrospective study was designed for evaluation of clinico-epidemiological data collected from admission register of ENT Dept. RIMS, Ranchi during the period of 2013 to 2015. Total sample size for this period was 240. Templates were generated in MS Excel sheets and analysis was done using SSPS software<span lang="EN-IN">.  </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> With the three year data analysis of 240 patients, we came up with the result that nasal masses were more common in age group of &lt;20 years (52%), occurred more in males (68.4%), most of the patients were tribals (72.9%), mostly from rural areas (60%), and maximum of them were diagnosed as antrochoanal polyps (37.9%). The most common presenting complain was nasal obstruction (85.8%), followed by nasal discharge (52.9%)<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Antrochoanal polyp is the most common type of nasal masses presenting mostly in tribal males from rural areas of Jharkhand, presenting with nasal obstruction<span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p>

scholarly journals Serological survey for Chagas disease in the rural areas of Manaus, Coari, and Tefé in the Western Brazilian Amazon

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 697-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belisa Maria Lopes Magalhães ◽  
Leíla Ines Aguiar Raposo Câmara Coelho ◽  
Marcel Gonçalves Maciel ◽  
João Marcos Benfica Barbosa Ferreira ◽  
Eufrozina Setsu Umezawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction ◽  
Systolic Dysfunction ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
The State ◽  
Serological Survey ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Bundle Branch Block ◽  
Cruzi Infection

INTRODUCTION: Deforestation, uncontrolled forest, human population migration from endemic areas, and the large number of reservoirs and wild vectors naturally infected by Trypanosoma cruzi promote the endemicity of Chagas disease in the Amazon region. METHODS: We conducted an initial serological survey (ELISA) in a sample of 1,263 persons; 1,095 (86.7%) were natives of the State of Amazonas, 666 (52.7%) were male, and 948 (75.1%) were over 20 years old. Serum samples that were found to be reactive, indeterminate, or inconclusive by indirect immunofluorescence (IFI) or positive with low titer by IFA were tested by Western blot (WB). Serologically confirmed patients (WB) were evaluated in terms of epidemiological, clinical, ECG, and echocardiography characteristics. RESULTS: Fifteen patients had serologically confirmed T. cruzi infection, and 12 of them were autochthonous to the state of Amazonas, for an overall seroprevalence of 1.2% and 0.9% for the state of Amazonas. Five of the 15 cases were males, and the average age was 47 years old; most were farmers with low education. One patient who was not autochthonous, having originated from Alagoas, showed right bundle branch block, bundle branch block, and anterosuperior left ventricular systolic dysfunction with an ejection fraction of 54%. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study ratify the importance of monitoring CD cases in Amazonia, particularly in the state of Amazonas.

scholarly journals Triatomines in dwellings and outbuildings in an endemic area of Chagas disease in northeastern Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 701-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Fernando Rodrigues Lima ◽  
Veronica de Lourdes Sierpe Jeraldo ◽  
Maxwell Souza Silveira ◽  
Rubens Riscala Madi ◽  
Thiago Bicudo Krempel Santana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
Domestic Environments ◽  
Educational Campaigns ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City ◽  
Cruzi Infection

INTRODUCTION: The present study identified the triatomines collected in intra and peri-domestic environments, observed the occurrence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in triatomines and correlated this information with housing conditions and the fauna associated with the rural areas of the City of Itabaianinha, located in the State of Sergipe, Brazil. METHODS: Quarterly visits were conducted between March 2009 and March 2010, and the homes to be visited for the active search of insects were determined by random selection. In each housing unit, the insects were collected by a manual search with a metal clip and flashlight to inspect openings and cavities, with a collection time of one hour/home/individual. The Pirisa® dislodge chemical was used to force the insects to leave their ecotopes. Analysis of the intestinal contents of triatomines was performed in the laboratory to establish the presence of Trypanosomatidae. RESULTS: Of the 103 dwellings surveyed, 17.5% were infested with Panstrongylus megistus. The village of Mutuca exhibited the highest infestation rate (38.1%). All the villages with relevant infestation rates were situated in the northern area of the city. The highest percentage of vector infection was found in the village of Água Boa (56.5%). The rural dwellings were found to be primarily brick or wooden house with or without roughcast or plastered walls, and the outbuilding most frequently associated with triatomines was the chicken run. CONCLUSIONS: These results emphasise the need for broader vector control and surveillance and for educational campaigns in the context of the Chagas Disease Control Program.

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