scholarly journals ARTISTIC FEATURES OF THE NORTHERN “WHITE NIGHT” MOTIF IN THE LANDSCAPES OF ALEXANDER BORISOV AND LOUIS APOL

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 77-87
Author(s):  
Ivetta A. Enina
Keyword(s):  
World Order ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Water Ice ◽  
Far North ◽  
The North ◽  
Living Space ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Artistic Interpretation ◽  
Ice Floes ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article examines the peculiarities of the color and light atmosphere of the phenomenon of white night in the Far North in the seascapes of the Russian and Northern European art. Attention is drawn to the period from the second third of the 19th century to the first quarter of the 20th century, when scientific and artistic exploration of the Arctic begins to take place on a regular basis. The article shows that the motive of the luminous night at the turn of the century appeared in connection with the appeal of artists to the study of natural contrasts of the Far North. Owing to the comprehending of the monotonous northern landscape, the palette of paintings was enriched with cold light shades of a lightair environment, the artists caught its special glow in the reflections in the water, ice floes and on the snow cover. The article mentions works of art by K. A. Korovin, V. A. Serov, V. V. Perepletchikov, N. V. Pinegin, A. A. Rylov and A. N. Benois, created during their participation in polar expeditions in late XIX and early XX centuries. Attention is drawn to the fact that the painters are branching out from marine pictorial art towards the study of special natural phenomena, such as images of light and dark polar nights, the northern lights, floating ice, fogs and snowy shores. It is carried out an art analysis and comparison of the works of the Russian “artist of eternal ice” Alexander Borisov and the Dutch “winter artist” Louis Apol, who were the first to depict such a phenomenon as a white night in the Far North. But their artistic interpretation of this phenomenon differs. A. Borisov perceives the North as a kind of “living” space in his own experience of figurative-symbolic comprehension of the world order, but at the same time does not lose touch with his realistic painting manner. And L. Apol impartially captures the surrounding nature, remaining in the principles of the features of compositional construction, which are characteristic of late romanticism. The European painter prefers muffled coloring, while on the canvas of the Russian artist, the paints literally ring and glow.

scholarly journals Svalbardforskning og svalbardpolitikk 1870-1925 Forskere som politiske aktører

Nordlit ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Einar-Arne Drivenes
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Far North ◽  
The 19Th Century

The research and commercial activity in the Scandinavian portion of the Arctic increased appreciably in the last decades of the 19th century and up until the 1920s. Not unexpectedly, the idea arose during this period to bring the largest group of the as yet unclaimed Arctic islands, Spitsbergen, under Norwegian or Swedish control. Norwegian political ambitions in the far north seem to have expanded proportionally with economic and scientific activity. What role did science play in this process? In the contest to win Svalbard, Norwegian authorities deliberately used research results and research activity as justification that Spitsbergen was Norwegian. Also, Spitsbergen researchers worked systematically towards a Norwegian conquest of the archipelago, economic and cultural at first, but ultimately political.

scholarly journals THE EXTREME NORTH AS A GEOPOETIC IMAGE IN THE LITERATURE OF THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLES OF THE NORTH OF YAKUTIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-342
Author(s):  
Zh.V. Burtseva
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Far North ◽  
The North ◽  
Winter Snow ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Artistic Interpretation ◽  
Northern Territories ◽  
Extreme North

The starting point for highlighting the Northern text of the literature of Yakutia from the point of view of geographical toponymic characteristics is the concept of “Far North (Arctic)”. The article is devoted to the analysis of this system-forming concept in the literature of the Indigenous peoples of the North of Yakutia, which includes landscape, natural images, signs, symbols of this territory in their generalized integrity (tundra, taiga, sea, rivers, mountains, nomadic paths, winter, snow, cold, nomad, deer, bear and others). The description of the northern territories and images in an artistic interpretation is filled with a distinctive symbolic meaning associated with local mythology, sacred geography. The results of the study show that the concept of “Far North” is not a thematic phenomenon, not a geographical location, but a special attitude. This is a whole picture of the world, preserving national identity in itself, both in form and in content, in value guidelines.

Temporary seismic network on drifting ice in the North Barents Sea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Jakovlev ◽  
Sergey Kovalev ◽  
Egor Shimanchuk ◽  
Evgeniy Shimanchuk ◽  
Aleksey Nubom
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Seismic Signal ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Stick Slip ◽  
Seismic Stations ◽  
The North ◽  
Drifting Ice ◽  
Ice Floes

<p>Despite the strong attention to the investigations in the Arctic its advance quite slowly. The harsh climatic conditions and big expenses slow down realization of the fieldwork in high latitudes. Therefore, scientists from over the world looks for new technologies, which could optimize and reduce the costs of the fieldworks that aimed at investigation of the geological structure beneath the Arctic Ocean. From March to May 2019 scientific expedition on the Expedition Vessel “Akademic Tryoshnikov” operated by the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute that belongs to Rosgidromet were conducted in the framework of the program “TransArctica 2019” first stage. In the framework of the seismological experiments 6 temporary seismic stations at 4 different locations were installed on a drifted ice floe in the North Barents Sea. The first aim of the experiment was to elaborate technology of installation of the seismic stations on the drifting ice floes. The second aim was to check if obtained seismological records could be used for registration of the local and remote earthquakes, which are meant to investigate the lithosphere structure in the Arctic regions, and for investigation of the processes within the ice floe.</p><p>The stations were installed in the April 2019 on the ice floe near the EV “Akademik Tryoshnikov” that were “frizzed” in the ice floe and drifted together with them. After analysis of the recoded data the following types of the seismic signal generated by processes in the ice were observed:</p><ul><li>- background signal from bending-gravitational waves with periods from 1 to 30 sec. Swell waves with periods from 17 to 30 sec were observed permanently during the whole period of network operation;</li> <li>- continuous mechanical vibrations (self-oscillations) with a period of up to 2-3 sec;</li> <li>- stick-slip relaxation self-oscillations with a period from 0.1 s to several minutes;</li> <li>- mechanical movements of ice due to compression or stretching of ice caused by chaotic different scales fluctuations in the drift velocity of ice floes;</li> <li>- process of ice fracturing due to compression or stretching of ice.</li> </ul><p>Results of monitoring of the ice cover has shown that in the most cases there are no direct correlations of processes within the ice floes and local hydrometeorological condition. During the process of ice cover fracturing an increased value of the ice horizontal movement were observed. Analysis of the seismic signal from ice events has shown that stick-slip events preceded origin of the ice fractures.</p><p>As a result of the initial analysis of the seismograms several signals from remote and regional earthquakes were detected. For example, an earthquake that according to the ISC bulletin occur at 08:18:23UTC on April 11, 2019 near the Japan (40.35°N, 143.35°E, 35 km depth, MS = 6.0) were detected. A local earthquake that occur approximately at 05:58UTC on April 10, 2019 at a distance of ~500 km. Due to close location of stations to each other the localization of the earthquake is impossible.</p><p>This work is supported by the RSCF project #18-17-00095.</p>

The First Danish Deep-Sea Expedition on the Ingolf: 1895 and 1896

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torben Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Parasitic Copepods ◽  
Far North ◽  
The North ◽  
Denmark Strait ◽  
Sea Bottom ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time ◽  
Deep Sea Fauna

The Danish Ingolf Expedition took place in the summer months of 1895 and 1896, with C. F. Wandel as captain, a man with long experience in hydrographical work in the Arctic. The other scientific participants were the zoologists H. Jungersen, W. Lundbeck and H. J. Hansen during the 1895 cruise; C. Wesenberg-Lund replaced Hansen during the 1896 cruise. C. H. Ostenfeld was the botanist and M. Knudsen the hydrographer. The Ingolf (see Figure 1) was a naval cruiser. In both years the voyages were hindered by ice that had moved much further south than normal, even closing most of the Denmark Strait. In 1895, the best results were obtained south of Iceland and in the Davis Strait; in 1896 south and east of Iceland and as far north as Jan Mayen Island. A total of 144 stations were completed, all with soundings, trawlings and (for the first time) continuous hydrographical work associated with the deep-sea trawling (bottom measurements of temperature, salinity, chlorine contents and specific gravity). Eighty of the stations were deeper than 1,000 m. There were more than 800 hydrographical measurements, with about 3,300 registrations recordings added on the basis of the measurements. 138 gas analyses were performed on board with samples from the surface and the sea bottom. The main result of the expedition was the final demonstration of probably the most important threshold boundaries in the world: the Wyville Thompson Ridge from East Greenland to Scotland with maximum depths of 600 m, separating the fauna in the Norwegian and Polar Sea to the north, always with negative below-zero temperatures except close to the Norwegian coast, from the fundamentally different general Atlantic deep-sea fauna to the south of the ridge with positive temperatures. The results are published in the Ingolf Report, with fifteen volumes containing forty-three papers by nineteen Danish authors and fourteen papers by six foreign authors. The sieving technique was excellent—due to an apparatus designed by H. J. Hansen that kept the animals under water until preservation and using the finest silk for sieving. In this way, the expedition collected more smaller animals than had been acquired by previous deep-sea expeditions. Hansen's studies of the peracarid crustaceans and parasitic copepods and Lundbeck's report on the sponges were particularly noteworthy. The 130 photographs taken on board and on land by the ship's doctor William Thulstrup represent a cultural/historical treasure.

scholarly journals An Approach to Public Health Protection in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation (Review)

2021 ◽  
pp. 201-212
Author(s):  
Aleksandr V. Marasanov ◽  
◽  
Anatoliy A. Stekhin ◽  
Galina V. Yakovleva
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
General Theory ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Protection ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Far North ◽  
The North ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Public Health Protection

This paper analyses environmental factors and their influence on the human body in the Far North. The cold factor is considered separately. It is noted that adaptation to extreme environmental factors in the north resembles adaptive processes taking place in the body under stress. The article describes the phenotypic approach to preventing non-communicable diseases in the population based on the theory of adaptation, control theory, theory of functional systems and system approach. We suggest using a predictive model of the body in the form of an anatomico-physiological structure reflecting grouping of interacting organs and tissues by their physiological functions. The model is represented by the reaction norms of the body’s systems and by the rules of their interaction. With its help, one can identify the predisposition of the body’s systems to destruction and the corresponding cause-and-effect relationships in the body, as well as devise a personal algorithm for health preservation and carry out vocational selection. The predictive properties of the model are based on the manifestations of the adaptive response to environmental stress factors. The recommendations are preventive in nature and are aimed at stimulating the individual’s involvement in his/her health protection. Methods of influencing the homeostatic regulation of the body and increasing the capabilities of the immune system in the north are proposed, i.e. technologies for restoring the body’s circadian rhythm as well as activating the living environment and drinking water in order to prevent chronic non-infectious diseases. The suggested predictive model of the body contributes to the development of a general theory of adaptation and a general theory of pathology. The considered approach to health preservation is compatible with telemedicine and e-health technologies and can therefore make adequate medical services available to the population of the Far North, in particular to those living in remote areas. For citation: Marasanov A.V., Stekhin A.A., Yakovleva G.V. An Approach to Public Health Protection in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation (Review). Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 2021, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 201–212. DOI: 10.37482/2687-1491-Z058

scholarly journals NATO and Arctic security: Challenges, Opportunities and Prospects

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 92-96
Author(s):  
V. I. Glotov ◽  
I. A. Arzhanov
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Current Policy ◽  
Far North ◽  
The North ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Arctic Security ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Military Activity ◽  
Global Agenda

In this article, the authors analyse the current policy of the North Atlantic Alliance (NATO) in the Arctic . The article emphasises that the new challenges in the Arctic, related to climate change, the participation of non-Arctic states in the development of the territory and the growth of Russia’s military activity, have put before NATO the question of forming a task and official strategy . So far, member states have not reached consensus in this direction . The article identifies the main steps of the Alliance, which confirm the thesis about the growth of tension in the Far North . We identified the factors that may affect the prospects of the Alliance in the region . Taking into account the fact that the Arctic in contemporary circumstances has entered the global agenda of international politics, the authors conclude the growth of NATO activity, as evidenced by the practical steps of the organisation . Little attention has been paid to this in official documents, although the importance of cooperation in the region has already been stressed .

scholarly journals Study of Oil in the North of Russia by the Geological Committee at the End of the 19th Century – the Beginning of the 20th Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (4) ◽  
pp. 042082
Author(s):  
T P Filippova
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
The North ◽  
New Information ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Northern Territories ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
First Time

Abstract The article draws attention to the study of the historical experience of Russian science in the development of the Arctic and northern territories of Russia. Based on a wide range of archival and published sources, the role of the Geological Committee in the scientific study of the Ukhta oil-bearing region is analyzed. The chronological framework of the study covers the period of the organization’s activity from 1882 to 1929. The field studies carried out by the Geological Committee which started during this period in the Ukhta region are considered in detail. As a result of this activity, this territory was comprehensively studied for the first time, including a detailed geological survey, the search for oil deposits, and an assessment of its industrial potential. It has been determined that as a result of the surveys of the Geological Committee, new information about the features of the geological and orographic structure of the region was obtained and the oil-bearing potential was proved. It has been concluded that the research of the scientists of the committee laid a fundamental basis for the study of the Ukhta oil-bearing region and predetermined its further development history and great significance for the state.

Tales of the far north; Dr William Gordon Stables and the Arctic adventure story in the late Victorian era

Polar Record ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-254
Author(s):  
Douglas W. Wamsley
Keyword(s):  
Role Models ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Prolific Author ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Victorian Era ◽  
Far North ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Subject Areas ◽  
The 19Th Century

AbstractDr William Gordon Stables (1837–1910) was perhaps the most prolific author of juvenile works during the second half of the 19th century, publishing more than 130 full-length novels, in addition to offering regular contributions to juvenile magazines. His writings covered a diverse range of subject areas, spanning all regions of the globe, and offered lively tales of adventure often coupled with moral guidance and imperialistic overtones. However, it was juvenile tales of adventure set in the far north that were his favourites and among his most frequent selections. Drawing upon his own first-hand Arctic experiences, Stables provided a knowledgeable view of the northern regions, offering vivid and realistic depictions of life and work in the Arctic, as well as its peoples, natural history and natural wonders. The challenges of survival in the harsh environment of the Arctic fostered a physical approach to manliness and maturity in Stables’ young heroes, who served as powerful role models for his youthful audience. Stables’ works enjoyed widespread popularity among impressionable juvenile readers and helped to shape their perceptions of the Arctic regions and impart character values on their path to adulthood. This article examines Stables’ contribution to Arctic storytelling in the late Victorian era.

scholarly journals White and wonderful? Microplastics prevail in snow from the Alps to the Arctic

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. eaax1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Bergmann ◽  
Sophia Mützel ◽  
Sebastian Primpke ◽  
Mine B. Tekman ◽  
Jürg Trachsel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Swiss Alps ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Polymer Composition ◽  
The North ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared Imaging ◽  
Ice Floes ◽  
Snow Samples

Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous, and considerable quantities prevail even in the Arctic; however, there are large knowledge gaps regarding pathways to the North. To assess whether atmospheric transport plays a role, we analyzed snow samples from ice floes in Fram Strait. For comparison, we investigated snow samples from remote (Swiss Alps) and populated (Bremen, Bavaria) European sites. MPs were identified by Fourier transform infrared imaging in 20 of 21 samples. The MP concentration of Arctic snow was significantly lower (0 to 14.4 × 103 N liter−1) than European snow (0.19 × 103 to 154 × 103 N liter−1) but still substantial. Polymer composition varied strongly, but varnish, rubber, polyethylene, and polyamide dominated overall. Most particles were in the smallest size range indicating large numbers of particles below the detection limit of 11 μm. Our data highlight that atmospheric transport and deposition can be notable pathways for MPs meriting more research.

Oceanographic Features of the Canadian Archipelago

1957 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 731-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Beaufort Sea ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Temperature Structure ◽  
Vertical Temperature ◽  
Baffin Bay ◽  
The North ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
North Water ◽  
Ice Floes

Oceanographic data collected during the first cruise of H.M.C.S. Labrador to the Canadian Arctic in August and September 1954 permit comparisons of the vertical temperature and salinity structures in Baffin Bay, the Canadian Archipelago and the Arctic Ocean. From a comparison of the temperature–salinity characteristics of the waters in the Arctic Ocean (Beaufort Sea) with those in Baffin Bay, it is found that: (a) the surface waters of the Arctic Ocean are much less saline than those in Baffin Bay, but minimum temperatures are the same (−1.8 °C), (b) the waters of the upper 200 m. in Baffin Bay are denser than those found at corresponding depths in the Arctic Ocean, (c) below 200 m., Arctic waters are the denser, and below 500 m. they are denser than any waters found in Baffin Bay, and (d) waters found at 250 m. in the Beaufort Sea, at 500 m. in Smith Sound, and at 1250 m. in central Baffin Bay, have identical temperature and salinity characteristics (−0.3 °C., 34.4‰).In addition the data permitted limited investigations into the effect of drifting ice floes on the vertical temperature structure of the water, the origin of the "north water", long-term variations in the oceanographic conditions in Baffin Bay, and dynamic calculations of currents and volume transports of the waters through the channels leading into Baffin Bay.

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