scholarly journals Frequency of Cataract and its Association with Tobacco Use in Subjects of an Eye Camp

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saba Alkhairy Farnaz Siddiqui Mazhar-ul-Hassan, Arif Nayani
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cataract Development

Purpose: To find the frequency of cataract and to study the relationship between cataract development and tobacco use. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Single day eye camp at Dow University Hospital Karachi in August 2016. Material and Methods: All patients presenting to the camp were screened through standard eye examination including refraction and fundoscopy. After dilatation of pupil these patients were examined with a slit lamp by a consultant ophthalmologist for confirmation of the presence of cataract and its type. Participants were then questioned regarding the type of tobacco use and its duration and frequency with which it was consumed. Those patients with a history of tobacco consumption for more than ten years were included in the study. Results: A total of 550 patients presented to the eye camp of which 120 (21.81%) subjects were found to have a cataract. The mean age of the subjects was 58.02 ± 8.3 years. There were 67 (55.8%) males and 53 (44.2%) females. Among the patients diagnosed with cataract 89 (74.2%) had no history of tobacco usage while 31 (25.8%) gave a positive response regarding tobacco consumption. In nonsmokers the most common cataract was cortical where as in cigarette smokers it was nuclear 8 (57.1%) and in users of smokeless tobacco it was posterior subcapsular 5 (38.5%). There were no pseudophakic patients seen as almost all came from remote areas where there was lack of surgical facility. Conclusion: Tobacco consumption has a strong association with cataract development. Cigarette Smoking as well as chewing smokeless tobacco should be curtailed or avoided altogether. Keywords: Cataract, tobacco, visual acuity.

scholarly journals Pattern of tobacco use among adolescents in urban slums of Jorhat, Assam

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 4232
Author(s):  
Netri Das ◽  
Anadi S. Tasa ◽  
Anuradha H. Medhi
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Urban Slums ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Change Communication ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco Use

Background: Tobacco use is a leading cause of preventable death worldwide and an estimated 250 million children and adolescents in developing countries die prematurely because of tobacco consumption. The objectives of the study were to determine the pattern of tobacco use among the adolescents and assess the factors associated with its use in urban slums of Jorhat, Assam.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in two randomly selected urban slums of Jorhat district from September 2015 to February 2016 among 110 adolescents using predesigned pretested proforma. Data were analyzed using SPSS - trial version 16; risk analysis was done using odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals.Results: 106 (96.36%) adolescents had ever used a tobacco product and 97 (88.18%) were current users. 57.73% consumed smokeless form and 3.1% used smoking form exclusively while 39.17% used both smoking and smokeless tobacco. Exclusive smokeless tobacco use was more common among girls. Smoking as well as combined smoking and smokeless tobacco was more common among boys. Gutkha was most common smokeless product (94.84%) and cigarette was commonest smoking form (34.02%) used. Awareness regarding its harmful effects was high (77.28%). Tobacco use in family is significantly associated with current use of tobacco (OR 5.88).Conclusions: Tobacco consumption is an emerging threat to health of adolescents in urban slums. Smokeless tobacco use is high in our study, especially among girls. Tobacco use by family is a major reason behind using tobacco indicating an urgent need to carry out behaviour change communication (BCC) activities among adolescents and their family members. 

scholarly journals Study on oral smokeless tobacco use among migrant labourers and their attitude towards tobacco cessation in an urban settlement in Ernakulam district of Kerala

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 2152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjana Rameshan ◽  
Leyanna Susan George ◽  
Devraj Ramakrishnan ◽  
Anu Vasudevan
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urban Settlement ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco Use

Background: Interstate migrant workers in the state of Kerala are increasing day by day. Tobacco usage is quite common among them; however, there are only few studies about oral smokeless tobacco consumption among them. The objectives of the study were to study the prevalence of oral smokeless tobacco use among migrant labourers in an urban settlement in Ernakulam district of Kerala and to assess the knowledge and attitude of users towards cessation.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 140 migrant workers residing in an urban settlement in Kochi. Data regarding their socio demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude and practices of smokeless tobacco consumption was collected using a questionnaire adapted from the global adult tobacco survey questionnaire (GATS). Data was entered into excel sheet and was analyzed using Epi Info.Results: The prevalence of oral smokeless tobacco was found to be 32.85%. Of which, majority of them used a tobacco-lime mixture called Khani (50%) and used tobacco on a daily basis (65.2%). It was observed that 71.74% of the users were unaware of the ill effects of the use of smokeless tobacco and 69.57% of them were not interested in quitting this habit. Among those who had quit, majority of them had done it on their will power alone.Conclusions: The use of smokeless tobacco is quite prevalent among the migrant population. Effective behavioural change communication activities need to be directed towards them.

Malaria among migrants in a university hospital in Colombia during 2018: A case series

2020 ◽  
pp. 004947552098130
Author(s):  
Fabián R Carreño-Almánzar ◽  
Adán Coronado-Galán ◽  
Sonia A Cala-Gómez ◽  
Agustín Vega-Vera
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Imported Malaria ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Clinical Profiles

Imported malaria has increased in Colombia since 2015 and has been attributed to migrants coming from Venezuela. We present a series of malaria cases, nested in a retrospective cross-sectional study between 2017 and 2018, aimed at calculating the prevalence of medical diseases among immigrants in a University Hospital in Colombia. Among 154 immigrants admitted for medical causes between 2017 and 2018, 8 were diagnosed with malaria, all due to Plasmodium vivax. Of these, seven had uncomplicated malaria, five had a previous history of malaria, one was critically ill, but none died. We highlight that, similar to other case series of imported malaria, Latin American migrants were young, with similar clinical profiles, having a low proportion of severe cases, and P. vivax was the most frequent cause.

scholarly journals Recurrent Miscarriage and Consanguinity among Omani Women– A Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma Al Hoqani ◽  
Wadha Al Ghafri ◽  
Saneya El tayeb ◽  
Yahya Al Farsi ◽  
Vaidyanathan Gowri
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Miscarriage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Recurrent Miscarriages ◽  
Sultan Qaboos University ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
History Of

Objective: to determine the prevalence of explained and unexplained recurrent miscarriages (RM) and to find out if there is a significant relationship between recurrent miscarriages and consanguinity. Methods: A cross sectional in which the cases group included all women with RM attending the outpatient clinic at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital from July 2006 to April 2012 and the controls group included women with no history of RM after matching them with cases for age (case to control ratio was 1:1). The main outcome measures were the prevalence of consanguinity in women with or without recurrent miscarriages. Results: During study period a total of 290 women with RM were seen. Of which, 150 (51.7%) women had unexplained RM. Control group with no history of RM were 300 women. Consanguinity rate among cases (49.5%) %) was less than the controls (52.7 %%). Both first cousin and second cousin marriages were more common in the controls than the cases and it was not statistically significant (p value 0.476, chi squared test). Conclusion: In this study we found that more than half of RM cases were unexplained and there was no significant association between RM and consanguinity.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Smokeless Tobacco Consumption among women of Rural Telangana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murali Lingala ◽  
Sneha Simon ◽  
Bhagath . ◽  
Kavitha .
Keyword(s):  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Second Hand Smoke ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Social ◽  
High Prevalence

Background: Tobacco kills approximately 1 million people annually in India and is responsible for almost half of all cancers in men and quarter of all cancers in women. Smokeless tobacco (SLT) is one such form that is culturally and socially acceptable by women especially in rural India. The study was aimed to estimate the prevalence of smokeless tobacco consumption among women, prevalence of exposure to second hand smoke and to determine the factors associated with it.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was done among 190 women in the rural field practice area of department of community medicine of Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal during the period of October 2019 to December 2019. Data was collected using simple random sampling. A semi structured questionnaire was prepared with the help of global adult tobacco survey proforma. The data was analyzed using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) 20.00.Results: Prevalence of smokeless tobacco consumption was 57% and the most common form of tobacco being consumed was tobacco with pan (40.3%). The prevalence of exposure to second hand smoke at home was 61%. The most common reason for initiation was peer pressure. High prevalence of consumption of smokeless tobacco was seen in unemployed and illiterate women.Conclusions: The prevalence of smokeless tobacco consumption is higher among women in this study and this indicates the lack of awareness and the need for better strategies to reduce the burden.

scholarly journals Prévalence De La Douleur Neuropathique Chez Des Patients Souffrant De Lomboradiculalgie Commune En Consultation Rhumatologique À Lomé (Togo)

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Kodjo Kakpovi ◽  
Komi Cyrille Tagbor ◽  
Eyram Fianyo ◽  
Agbeko Komlan Doleagbenou ◽  
Kokou Mensah Guinhouya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Past History ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Radicular Pain ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results ◽  
History Of

Objective: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with neuropathic pain in patients with non-specific low back pain. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from May to July 2016 in the Rheumatology, Neurology and Neurosurgery departments of Lome. The DN4 questionnaire was used for the diagnosis of neuropathic pain in the 200 patients with low back pain included in this study. Results: Of the 200 patients (147 women and 53 men) included in the study, neuropathic pain was present in 92 (46%). The average age of the 92 patients (67 women vs 25 men, p = 0.04) was 55.5 ± 12.4 years (women 55.2 ± 12.8 vs. men 54.6 ± 11.4, p = 0.5). The characteristics of neuropathic pain mainly found were: burning sensation (n = 67, 72.8%); electrical discharges (n = 64, 69.6%); tingling (n = 90; 97.8%); tickling (n = 57; 62%); numbness (n = 89; 96.7%); hypoesthesia (n = 52; 56.5%). Factors significantly associated with the presence of neuropathic pain in LBP were age (p = 0.005), duration of LBP (p = 0.04), high blood pressure (p = 0.001), radicular pain (p = 0.00002) and the past history of the LBP (0.000000). Conclusion: Neuropathic pain is common in patients with LBP at Lome. The duration of LBP, past history of LBP, previous NSAID use, BMI, pain severity and radicular pain appear to be predictive of the occurrence of these neuropathic pains.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSION IN ADULT POPULATION OF HAYATABAD PESHAWAR

1969 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 644-647
Author(s):  
SARA GUL ◽  
ATIF HUSSAIN ◽  
KASHIF UR REHMAN KHALIL ◽  
IMRANULLAH ◽  
MUHAMMAD ISHTIAQ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Population

BACKGROUND: Hypertension is one of the common non communicable disease and is reported to beprevalent in 20% to 50% of the adult population, hypertension is one of the major contributor ofmortality and morbidity in developing and developed countries. The cross-sectional descriptive studywas formulated to find the prevalence and to assess different etiological factors of hypertension.MATERIAL & METHODS: This cross-sectional study among 400 adults of age 25-75 years wasconducted in months of June to December 2014 in Phase 5, Hayatabad Peshawar. A detailed structuredproforma having important questions was used to collect important data regarding various variables.RESULTS: Our study results showed that 22.75% of the study people were hypertensive i.e. 10.25% ofmales and 12.5% of females; and the prevalence of hypertension showed positive association withadvancing age. Out of all respondents; 60.25% were males while 39.75% were females; 28.5% weresmokers; 5.25% consume predominantly meat; 32.5% were obese & overweight; 36.75% checked theirB.P regularly; and 19.75% had positive history of hypertension in family.CONCLUSION: We conclude that hypertension prevalence was high among our study population andwas associated with various modifiable and non modifiable risk factors thus population based preventivestrategies are needed to control and prevent hypertension.KEY WORDS: Hypertension, Age, Diet, Smokers, Hayatabad, Peshawar.

scholarly journals Hepatitis C in pregnancy: an observational study highlighting its association with maternal parameters

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 344
Author(s):  
Bushra . ◽  
Ambreen Ghori ◽  
Azra Ahmed ◽  
Najma Dalwani ◽  
Mushtaque Ali Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Singleton Pregnancy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of

Background: Pregnancy is a very crucial time in a woman’s life. In this period of time, not only multiple physiological alterations effect the usual health status but also makes women more vulnerable to contract infection and face negative sequalae. Hepatitis C, a blood borne viral infection serve the similar fate when encountered by pregnant ladies. This study is based on exploring the prevalence of the Hepatitis C virus seropositivity among pregnant population. Moreover, we also evaluated the major risk factors leading to the infection in these mothers. Besides this, infected mothers were studied for their pregnancy outcomes.Methods: In this study 114 pregnant females were observed for this cross-sectional study. It was conducted in Gynecology Unit- 1, Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad, for the period of January 2017 to July 2017. Chi square test was applied for statistical analysis on SPSS version 16. The criteria for enrollment in the study was set to be a pregnant lady belonging to age group 20-35 years; having singleton pregnancy; was a booked case at the hospital with compliant to antenatal follow ups; admitted to the labor room for delivery. All the non-pregnant ladies, whom had co morbid conditions such as hypertension or diabetes or had infected with hepatitis B or D were excluded from the study. Furthermore, pregnant ladies with multiple gestion or those who were either diagnosed of hepatitis C prior to conceive or had a previous history of hepatitis C were also excluded.Results: Present study revealed that out of 114, 10(8.8%) pregnant ladies were found seropositive for Hepatitis C virus. Prior history for transfusion of blood was the Foremost risk factor discovered, with 60.5% women reported this. History of surgery was the 2nd commonest factor and 43.9% had this in their medical records. On the other hand, only 8.8% women gave the history for previous evacuation. While observing pregnancy outcomes, we found 48.2% neonates had low birth weight, 41.2% were born preterm and 21.1% had low APGAR score.Conclusions: In a nutshell hepatitis c is prevalent in the pregnant population of this region and showing its effects in the form of compromised pregnancies. History of blood transfusion and previous surgery were found to be chief risk factors in the study.

scholarly journals ASSOCIATION OF SEROPOSITIVITY FOR CMV IGM AND IGG WITH ADVERSE PREGNANCY OUTCOME

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 831-35
Author(s):  
Ambreen Amna ◽  
Farkhunda Nadeem ◽  
Amin Fahim ◽  
Altaf Hussian Jatoi ◽  
Kanwal Abbas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Objective: To find out the prevalence of antibodies against cytomegalovirus and their association with adverse pregnancy outcome in women, at Isra University Hospital Hyderabad. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Gynaecology & Obstetrics, Isra University Hospital (IUH) Hyderabad, from Jan to Jun 2018. Methodology: Cytomegalovirus IgM and IgG antibodies in 305 women of reproductive age group were measured using the Enzyme Linked Fluorescent Assaysystem kit. Results: The combined positivity of anti cytomegalovirus IgG and IgM antibodies was 93 (30.40%). About 37 (37.37%) and 28 (34.14%) women were found to be seropositive for cytomegalovirus antibodies who had history of spontaneous miscarriage and recurrent miscarriages respectively. Conclusion: Higher association of seropositivity for cytomegalovirus IgM and IgG with bad obstetrical history and low economy was found.

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