scholarly journals Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pada Anak (Studi Literatur)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1A) ◽  
pp. 344-360
Author(s):  
Dimas Tri Anantyo ◽  
Ayu Anggraini Kusumaningrum ◽  
Arsita Eka Rini ◽  
Adhie Nur Radityo ◽  
Kamilah Budhi Rahardjani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Intrauterine Transmission ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Latar Belakang: Pandemi Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) yang disebabkan oleh virus SARS CoV-2 ini berawal dari Wuhan, China, menyebar ke lebih dari 200 negara dan mengakibatkan puluhan ribu kematian termasuk anak. Studi literatur yang membahas COVID-19 pada orang dewasa mulai bermunculan, namun pada anak masih terbatas. Dalam studi literatur ini kami mengulas beberapa artikel ilmiah dan literatur terbaru tentang COVID-19 pada anak yang dipublikasikan sejak Januari 2020 hingga akhir Juli 2020, khususnya manifestasi klinis dan pemeriksaan penunjang.  Metode: Mengulas publikasi 35 literatur ilmiah mengenai COVID-19 anak pada jurnal seperti Pubmed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, The Lancet sejak Januari hingga Juli 2020. Hasil: Kejadian COVID-19 pada anak lebih rendah dan memiliki gejala yang lebih ringan dibandingkan orang dewasa. Gejala yang sering muncul adalah batuk, faring hiperemis, dan demam. Belum ada bukti jelas mengenai kejadian transmisi intrauterine yang dilaporkan. Prognosis menunjukkan respon terapi yang baik dan pemulihan yang lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan orang dewasa. Kesimpulan: Kejadian COVID-19 lebih rendah, manifestasi klinis lebih ringan dan prognosis lebih baik pada anak dibandingkan dengan orang dewasa. Kata kunci: COVID-19, anak, studi literatur   Background: The Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the SARS CoV-2 virus originated in Wuhan, China, spread to more than 200 countries and resulted in tens of thousands of deaths including children. Literature studies discussing COVID-19 in adults are starting to emerge, but in children it is still limited. In this literature study, we review some of the latest scientific articles and literature on COVID-19 in children published from January 2020 to the end of July 2020, in particular clinical manifestations and supporting examinations. Methods: Reviewing 35 scientific literatures about children with COVID-19 in journals such as Pubmed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, The Lancet from January to July 2020. Results: The incidence of COVID-19 in children was lower and had milder symptoms than adults. Symptoms that often appear are cough, hyperemic pharynx, and fever. There was unclear proof of intrauterine transmission. The prognosis of children with COVID-19 showed a good response to therapy and faster recovery compared to adults. Conclusion: The incidence of COVID-19 is lower, the clinical manifestations are milder, and the prognosis is better in children compared to adults. Keywords: COVID-19, children, literature study

FEATURES OF THE COURSE AND TACTICS OF MANAGING CHILDREN WITH KIDNEYS AND URINARY TRACT DISEASES DURING THE PANDEMIC OF NEW CORONAVIRUS INFECTION COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
I.M. Kagantsov ◽  
◽  
V.V. Sizonov ◽  
V.G. Svarich ◽  
K.P. Piskunov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Urinary System ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Significant Health

The novel coronavirus infection (SARS-CoV-2), which first appeared in Wuhan, China in December 2019, has been declared a global pandemic by WHO. COVID-19 affects people of all age groups. The disease in children is usually asymptomatic or mild compared to adults, and with a significantly lower death rates. Data on kidney damage in children with COVID-19, as well as the effect of coronavirus infection on the course of diseases of the genitourinary system, are limited, the risks of contracting a new coronavirus infection in children with significant health problems, including those with chronic kidney disease, remain uncertain. The pandemic has affected the activities of surgeons treating diseases of the urinary system in children. Since the prospects for the end of the pandemic are vague, it is necessary to formulate criteria for selecting patients who can and should be provided with routine care in the pandemic. The purpose of this review is to highlight the features of the clinical manifestations and treatment of children with COVID-19, occurring against the background of previous renal pathology or complicating its course.

scholarly journals Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Future Challenges and Recommendations for Dental Settings

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. RV1-RV5
Author(s):  
Najmus Sahar ◽  
Pradeep Tangade ◽  
Vikas Singh ◽  
Surbhi Priyadarshini ◽  
Debashis Roy
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Review Article ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The novel coronavirus outbreak is a contagious disease affecting the countries around the world. The quick advancing nature of pandemic has gripped the entire community making it a public health emergency. Infection control preventive measures are necessary to prevent it from further spreading. Medical practitioners, health care workers and Dentists are at high risk of acquiring and transmission of infection. The virus transmission occurs through respiratory tract, aerosols and droplets. Clinical manifestations of virus vary from mild to severe sickness. This review article mainly emphasizes on all the information collected to date on the virus, and future recommendations for dental settings to manage the further spread of this virus.

scholarly journals Clinical and Laboratory Profiles of 75 Hospitalized Patients with Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Hefei, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zonghao Zhao ◽  
Jiajia Xie ◽  
Ming Yin ◽  
Yun Yang ◽  
Hongliang He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

AbstractThe outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection began in December 2019 in Wuhan, and rapidly spread to many provinces in China. The number of cases has increased markedly in Anhui, but information on the clinical characteristics of patients is limited. We reported 75 patients with COVID-19 in the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC from Jan 21 to Feb 16, 2020, Hefei, Anhui Province, China. COVID-19 infection was confirmed by real-time RT-PCR of respiratory nasopharyngeal swab samples. Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory data were collected and analyzed. Of the 75 patients with COVID-19, 61 (81.33%) had a direct or indirect exposure history to Wuhan. Common symptoms at onset included fever (66 [88.0%] of 75 patients) and dry cough (62 [82.67%]). Of the patients without fever, cough could be the only or primary symptom. The most prominent laboratory abnormalities were lymphopenia, decreased percentage of lymphocytes (LYM%), decreased CD4+ and CD8+ T cell counts, elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Patients with elevated interleukin 6 (IL-6) showed significant decreases in the LYM%, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell counts. Besides, the percentage of neutrophils, CRP, LDH and Procalcitonin levels increased significantly. We concluded that COVID-19 could cause different degrees of hematological abnormalities and damage of internal organs. Hematological profiles including LYM, LDH, CRP and IL-6 could be indicators of diseases severity and evaluation of treatment effectiveness. Antiviral treatment requires a comprehensive and supportive approach. Further targeted therapy should be determined based on individual clinical manifestations and laboratory indicators.

scholarly journals Incidence and risk factors of kidney impairment on patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qixin Yang ◽  
Xiyao Yang
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Severe Condition ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Kidney Impairment ◽  
D Dimer

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe novel coronavirus is pandemic around the world. Several researchers have given the evidence of impacts of COVID-19 on the respiratory, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal system. Studies still have debated on kidney injury of COVID-19 patients. The purpose of the meta-analysis was to evaluate the association of kidney impairment with the development of COVID-19.MethodsThe PubMed, Embase and MedRxiv databases were searched until April 1, 2020. We extracted data from eligible studies to summarize the clinical manifestations and laboratory indexes of kidney injury on COVID-19 infection patients and further compared the prevalence of acute kidney injury (AKI) and the mean differences of three biomarkers between in ICU/severe and non-ICU/non-severe cases. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the I2 method.ResultsIn the sum of 19 studies with 4375 patients were included in this analysis. The pooled prevalence of AKI, increased serum creatinine (Scr), increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN), increased D-dimer, proteinuria and hematuria in patients with COVID-19 were 7.7%, 6.6%,6.2%, 49.8%, 42% and 30.3% respectively. Moreover, the means of Scr, BUN and D-dimer were shown 6-folds, 1.8-folds and 0.68-folds, respectively, higher in ICU/severe cases than in corresponding non-ICU/non-severe patients. The prevalence of AKI was about 17 folds higher in ICU/severe patients compared with the non-ICU/non-severe cases.ConclusionsOverall, we assessed the incidences of the clinic and laboratory features of kidney injury in COVID-19 patients. And kidney dysfunction may be a risk factor for COVID-19 patients developing into the severe condition. In reverse, COVID-19 can also cause damage to the kidney.

scholarly journals The impact of the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19 on the mother-placenta-fetus system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
NV Nizyaeva ◽  
NA Lomova ◽  
EL Dolgopolova ◽  
UL Petrova ◽  
TE Karapetyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Placental Development ◽  
Index Group ◽  
Elevated Expression ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Impact

Impaired placental development during early pregnancy associated with systemic damage to the vascular endothelium in patients with COVID-19 may result in a number of complications. The study was aimed to reveal histological and immunohistochemical (IHC) features of placental tissue in pregnant women with COVID-19 at different stages of gestation, and to examine the contribution of those to pathogenesis of the disease involving mother-placenta-fetus system. The following two groups of pregnant women were studied: index group of 66 patients with COVID-19, and comparison group of 40 women with no symptoms of viral infection. Macroscopic and microscopic examination, and the IHC analysis of placental samples were carried out. Clinical and anamnestic characteristics of patients with COVID-19 were analyzed taking into account disease severity, delivery route and perinatal outcome. ICH staining using primary antibody revealed elevated expression of proinflammatory factors (TNFα, IL8) and reduced level of anti-inflammatory factors (IL4) in placental structures of patients with moderate and severe СOVID-19 (р < 0.05). The villous tree rearrangement and the development of subclinical placental insufficiency, which could in some cases be decompensated during labor, resulting in clinical manifestations of acute fetal hypoxia were detected in the placental samples obtained from the index group patients. The obstetrical tactics for mothers with COVID-19 should be decided individually based on the risk factors; continuous cardiotocography should be used during labor. It may be appropriate to conduct IHC analysis of placenta in puerperant women with COVID-19 in order to fine-tune the tactics of neonatal management and to predict possible neonatal complications.

SARS-CoV-2 Biochemistry, Transmission, Clinical Manifestations, and Prevention

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-311
Author(s):  
Gundu H. R. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
World Health ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Us ◽  
Novel Virus ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Experts

The first human case of COVID-19, caused by the novel coronavirus, was reported by health officials in the city of Wuhan, China, in December of 2019. The virus was identified as a novel coronavirus in early January 2020, and its genetic sequence was shared publicly on January 11, 2020. The novel virus, previously called 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), is currently designated as the severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). On January 23, Wuhan was locked down, and the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a “public health emergency of international concern.” The viral genome of SARS-CoV-2 is around 29.8 kilobase, containing six major open reading frames. The most common clinical symptoms were fever, cough, fatigue, shortness of breath, dyspnea, muscle ache, headache, chest pain, vomiting, sore throat, and sputum production. The main mode of transmission is through respiratory particles. The incubation period is 3 to 7 days. Both asymptomatic and symptomatic patients seem to be infectious. Spike (S) proteins of SARS-CoV-2 seem to have a 10- to 20-fold higher affinity to the human angiotensin enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor than that of SARS-CoV. The high affinity of S protein to theACE2 receptor, and the additional advantages offered by the transfection facilitators Furin and Neutropilin-1, likely, contributes to the rapid spreading of this novel virus. Since these receptors are highly expressed on a variety of cells, including vascular endothelial cells and adipose tissue, individuals with compromised function of these tissues drive greater infection and severity in patients with COVID-19. Global health experts estimate that one in five individuals worldwide could be at risk for severe COVID-19, due to underlying health conditions. There is a great need for a rapid, specific, cost-effective test for monitoring the infected individuals. Even though a 15- minute, antigen test was made available by Abbott recently, it seems that the schools, colleges, and business establishments lack the ability to use these tests effectively to keep their businesses open safely. Management of the infected individuals seems to be based on clinical symptoms that manifest as the disease progresses. The US Food & Drug Administration (FDA), has created a special emergency program for possible therapies, the Coronavirus Treatment Acceleration Program (CTAP). The program uses every available method to move new and emerging treatments as quickly as possible, keeping in mind the safety and efficacy of such therapies. According to the WHO report, there are currently more than 150 COVID-19 vaccine candidates under development. Several vaccines are in Phase 3 clinical trials. In an unprecedented effort, one of the experimental monoclonal antibody cocktails of Regeneron was used for therapeutic purposes when the US president was tested positive for COVID-19. There are no drugs or other therapeutics approved by the US FDA to prevent or treat COVID-19. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) have published interim guidelines for the medical management of COVID-19. In the absence of a cure, the only choice we all have is to follow the best practices recommended by the public health experts—use of face masks (coverings), frequent hand washing with soap, contact tracing of infected individuals, and quarantining COVID-19 positive individuals, till they are free of the highly infectious virus.

Ophthalmic Manifestations of Neurologic, Rheumatologic, and Infectious Diseases in the Context of the novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Case Series

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Altered Level ◽  
Multiple Systems ◽  
Ocular Manifestations ◽  
Ophthalmic Manifestations ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is known to present with a broad range of clinical manifestations. While symptoms such as fever, cough, dyspnea, myalgias, diarrhea, anosmia, and ageusia predominate, less common manifestations involving multiple systems have also been described. Some reported ocular manifestations include symptoms associated with keratoconjunctivitis, such as chemosis, ocular pain, photophobia, dry eye and tearing [1]. Neurological symptoms in addition to smell and taste dysfunction have been commonly described as well, and include headache, ataxia, dizziness, altered level of consciousness, and stroke [2]. Whether these neuro-ophthalmologic findings reflect direct involvement of these systems or a more generalized response to SARS-CoV-2 infection remains uncertain. Many other neurologic, rheumatologic, and infectious diseases also present with similar clinical findings as those described in COVID-19, further complicating the diagnostic picture. In this case series, we examine several patients presenting with unusual neuro-ophthalmological manifestations and discuss similarities of these findings with those seen in SARS-CoV-2 infection, and review current literature describing possible mechanisms underlying similar findings in patients with confirmed COVID-19.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Publications in Family Medicine Journals in 2020: A PubMed-Based Bibliometric Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7748
Author(s):  
Kuang-Yu Liao ◽  
Yueh-Hsin Wang ◽  
Hui-Chun Li ◽  
Tzeng-Ji Chen ◽  
Shinn-Jang Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Family Medicine ◽  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
English Language ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Language Family ◽  
Main Category ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Family medicine physicians have been on the front lines of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic; however, research and publications in family medicine journals are rarely discussed. In this study, a bibliometric analysis was conducted on COVID-19-related articles published in PubMed-indexed English language family medicine journals in 2020, which recorded the publication date and author’s country and collected citations from Google Scholar. Additionally, we used LitCovid (an open database of COVID-19 literature from PubMed) to determine the content categories of each article and total number of global publications. We found that 33 family medicine journals published 5107 articles in 2020, of which 409 (8.0%) were COVID-19-related articles. Among the article categories, 107 were original articles, accounting for only 26.2% of the articles. In terms of content, the main category was prevention, with 177 articles, accounting for 43.3% of the articles. At the beginning of the epidemic, 10 articles were published in family medicine journals in January 2020, accounting for 11% of all COVID-19-related articles worldwide; however, this accounted for <0.5% of all disciplinary studies in the entire year. Therefore, family medicine journals indeed play a sentinel role, and the intensities and timeliness of COVID-19 publications deserve further investigation.

scholarly journals Clinical and laboratory findings in COVID-19 adult hospitalized patients from Alborz province / Iran: comparison of rRT-PCR positive and negative

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farnaz Karimi ◽  
Amir Abbas Vaezi ◽  
Mostafa Qorbani ◽  
Fatemeh Moghadasi ◽  
Saeed Hassani Gelsfid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Wbc Count ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract Background The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was emergency turned into global public health after the first patients were detected in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. The disease rapidly expanded and led to an epidemic throughout China, followed by the rising number of cases worldwide. Given the high prevalence of COVID-19, rapid and accurate diagnostic methods are immediately needed to identify, isolate and treat the patients as soon as possible, decreasing mortality rates and the risk of public contamination by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2). Methods This case-control study was conducted in two hospitals in Alborz Province in Iran. All recruited cases in this study were symptomatic adults hospitalized as COVID-19 patients with compatible Computed tomographic (CT) scan findings and available rRT-PCR results. The patients were recruited in this study. The patients were categorized into positive and negative rRT-PCR groups and evaluated for symptoms, initial vital signs, comorbidity, clinical and laboratory findings. Finally, the results were assessed by SPSS software. Results Between March 5 to April 5, 2020, 164 symptomatic COVID-19 patients were studied. In total, there were 111 rRT-PCR positive (67.6%) and 53 rRT-PCR negative patients (32.4%). In terms of statistics, the frequency of symptoms revealed no difference, except for cough (P.V:0.008), dizziness (PV: 0.048), and weakness (P.V:0.022). Among initial vital signs, PR (P.V:0.041) and O2 Saturation (PV: 0.014) were statistically different between the two groups. Evaluation of comorbidities revealed no difference except for hyperlipidemia (P.V:0.024). In the comparison of laboratory findings, only WBC count (PV: 0.001), lymphocyte count (PV: 0.001), and Hb (P.V:0.008) were statistically different between the two groups. Conclusion In case of the negative rRT-PCR result, it is necessary to take a logical approach, and we recommended that the physician decides according to clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, and positive CT results.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 infection and the antiviral innate immune response

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Yang ◽  
Yingying Lyu ◽  
Fajian Hou
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Replication Process ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak began in December 2019, causing the illness known as the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The virus spread rapidly worldwide to become a global public health emergency. As of 15 November 2020, more than 53 million confirmed cases and over one million deaths worldwide have been reported (World Health Organization, 2020). The SARS-CoV-2 genome was sequenced and studies are ongoing to further understand the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, etiological structure, cellular receptor angiotensin II converting enzyme (ACE2), and intracellular replication process of the virus. Currently, thousands of clinical trials related to SARS-CoV-2 are underway (https://clinicaltrials.gov/). However, no vaccines or drugs have yet been approved, until very recently, for direct treatment or prevention of COVID-19 and only supportive treatment has been applied clinically. This review will discuss the possible mechanism of the innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and provide insight into the development of related therapeutics.

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