scholarly journals Optimisme yang Tidak Menjanjikan: Kajian terhadap Transhumanisme dari Perspektif Antropologi Kristen

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-36
Author(s):  
Wendy Wendy ◽  
◽  
David Alinurdin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Christian Anthropology ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Philosophical Movement ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Transhumanisme adalah sebuah pergerakan budaya dan filsafat yang melihat manusia memiliki hak dan kebebasan morfologis untuk berevolusi mencapai kondisi pascahuman dengan memodifikasi dan meningkatkan natur serta kapasitas manusia secara radikal menggunakan teknologi terkini seperti rekayasa genetika, robotika, kecerdasan buatan dan nanoteknologi. Pascahuman yang didambakan transhumanisme adalah kondisi manusia yang tidak dapat mengalami kemerosotan, penyakit, dan bahkan kematian. Tujuan akhirnya adalah hidup lebih panjang atau bahkan abadi untuk menikmati kebahagiaan yang tidak terbatas. Dengan mencermati perkembangan agenda transhumanis, muncul keprihatinan dari para sarjana bidang interdisipliner sains, teknologi dan teologi bahwa umat manusia akan diubahkan oleh teknologi atau bahkan malah menjadi tersingkir dan punah. Artikel ini bertujuan mengkaji transhumanisme dari perspektif antropologi Kristen, yang meliputi tiga aspek, yaitu asal-usul dan natur manusia, realitas kehidupan manusia serta solusi bagi masalah manusia. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa janji transhumanisme mengenai evolusi manusia dengan kebebasan morfologis dan determinasi dirinya sendiri dapat mengupayakan perkembangan menuju kondisi pascahuman adalah hal yang tidak menjanjikan untuk tercapai karena natur manusia yang telah jatuh ke dalam dosa cenderung merusak atau menggantikan yang baik menjadi jahat. Agenda dan optimisme transhumanisme untuk menyingkirkan kemerosotan, penyakit dan kematian sepenuhnya dari kehidupan manusia dengan menggunakan teknologi terkini mustahil direalisasikan karena semua realitas tersebut adalah dampak dari kejatuhan manusia ke dalam dosa yang hanya bisa diatasi dengan cara ilahi melalui karya penebusan Kristus yang mengerjakan transformasi jiwa raga secara holistik. Transhumanism is a cultural and philosophical movement that sees humans as having the right and morphological freedom to evolve towards a posthuman state by radically modifying and enhancing human nature and capacity using the latest technologies such as genetic engineering, robotics, artificial intelligence, and nanotechnology. The posthuman that transhumanism craves is the human condition impervious to degeneration, disease, and even death. The end goal is to live longer or even immortal to enjoy unlimited happiness. By observing the development of the transhumanist agenda, there are concerns from scholars in the interdisciplinary fields of science, technology, and theology that humanity will be transformed by technology or even become marginalized and extinct. This article aims to examine transhumanism from Christian anthropology, which includes three aspects: the origin and nature of man, the reality of human life, and solutions to human problems. The results of the study show that the promise of transhumanism regarding human evolution with morphological freedom and self-determination to strive for progress towards a posthuman state is unpromising to achieve because human nature, which has fallen into sin, tends to destroy or exchange good for evil. The agenda and optimism of transhumanism to completely remove degeneration, disease, and death from human life by using the latest technology is impossible to realize because all these realities are the impact of the fall of man into sin, which can only be overcome by divine means through redemptive work of Christ which carries out the transformation of soul and body holistically.

scholarly journals Tipologi Penindakan Kejahatan Korporasi Dalam Korupsi Dana Bantuan Pandemi Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Michelle Kristina
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Corporate Responsibility ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Assistance Program ◽  
Community Activities ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

The development of human life nowadays cannot be separated from various aspects such as economy, politics, and technology, including the impact of the coronavirus outbreak (Covid-19 or SARS-CoV-2) which emerged at the end of 2019. Responding to this Covid-19 pandemic outbreak In Indonesia, the government has issued various policies as measures to prevent and handle the spread of Covid-19. One of these policies is to limit community activities. These restrictions have implications for the fulfilment of the economic needs of the affected communities. Responding to the urgency of this community's economic situation, the government held a social assistance program as a measure to ease the community's economic burden. However, the procurement of the program was used as a chance for corruption involving the Ministry of Social Affairs and corporations as the winning bidders. This study uses a qualitative methodology with a normative juridical approach and literature. The approach is carried out by conducting a juridical analysis based on a case approach. The results of the study show that the corporations involved cannot be separated from corporate responsibility. However, the criminal liability process against the corporation is deemed not to reflect justice for the current situation of Indonesia is experiencing. The crime was not carried out in a normal situation but in a situation when Indonesia was trying hard to overcome the urgent situation, the Covid-19 pandemic. Corporate crimes committed by taking advantage of the pandemic situation are deemed necessary to prioritize special action or the weight of criminal acts committed by corporations. The weighting of criminal sanction is the right step as a law enforcement process for corporate crimes during the pandemic.

scholarly journals Dua Sisi Gelap Covid-19 : Dilematis Antara Keterbukaan Data Identitas Penderita Covid-19 Dan Transparansi Data Publik Dalam Rangka Menekan Stigmatisasi

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-85
Author(s):  
Yohanes Firmansyah ◽  
Imam Haryanto
Keyword(s):  
Information Disclosure ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Health Economy ◽  
Privacy Rights ◽  
Right To Privacy ◽  
The Right To Privacy ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The Covid-19 case has had a huge influence on all aspects of human life, starting from health, economy, sosial, law, and many more. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused various frictions between various interests, one of which is a clash between individual interests and community interests. One of the obvious things about this problem is regarding the impact of COVID-19 in the field of sociology, especially the relationship between individuals, especially the issue of community stigmatization regarding infectious diseases, the dilemma between the privacy rights of the identity of COVID-19 patients and the disclosure of publik data on COVID-19 patients with various risks will injure and cause multiple material and immaterial losses. On the other hand, Covid-19 also raises various sosial-psychological problems and legal problems that still do not regulate all aspects of human life. This paper describes the sociological elements of COVID-19, the right to privacy, publik information disclosure, and the sosial-psychological impact of COVID-19, along with a juridical review of the right to privacy and publik disclosure of information regarding the transparency of COVID-19.

Distributed Work Environments

2021 ◽  
pp. 2011-2032
Author(s):  
Edwiygh Franck
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Work Environments ◽  
Distributed Work ◽  
Environment Model ◽  
Work Concept ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Distributed Work Environment

Technology is making the traditional workplace obsolete. Companies are taking advantage of the myriads of digital resources available to make their processes leaner, cut costs and have a larger presence in the global market through the concept of distributed work environment. In this chapter, the author provides an overview of the distributed work environment, as well as the impact it has on the human condition in the workplace. Although this technology driven work concept can be beneficial, companies have to ensure that it is the right business model for them and their employees. The author looks at different factors that companies need to consider in deciding to adopt a distributed work environment model. Several companies, over 125 of them, have successfully implemented the concept and the author shares some examples on how they were able to achieve success and employee satisfaction.

International Law and its Impact on The Hijaz

The Hijaz ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 155-204
Author(s):  
Malik R. Dahlan
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Holy See ◽  
The Status ◽  
Unique Approach ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Chapter 6 is an international legal examination of the status of The Hijaz in the aftermath of its conquest and absorption into a Saudi personal union. It discusses the impact of the 1933 Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States as well as the Territorial Principle. The Chapter tackles the legal question of secession and warns against the pitfalls of the ‘Self-Determination Trap’. It draws lessons from the difference between involuntary extinction of states as opposed to their creation. By looking at the cases of Czechoslovakia and Quebec it tackles the issue of ‘the Right to Secession by Agreement’. The Chapter reflects on lessons from Scotland, Catalan and Kurdistan highlighting that The Hijaz presents us with a delicate and nuanced understanding of ‘Internal Self-Determination’ and ‘Autonomy’ establishing, de facto, an international legal status of “Self-Determination Spectrum Disorder”. A special status calls for an active and special legal solution. The notion of a broader integrative role for The Hijaz and the broader Islamic world. The potential integrative institutionalization of The Hijaz is investigated bringing to bare a unique approach to self-determination that would entail coupling autonomy with international territorial administration. The propositions under this Chapter are supported by looking at other sui generis entities such as the Holy See being sovereigns without being states.

19. Indigenous Peoples’ Human Rights

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Havemann
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
State Sovereignty ◽  
Group Rights ◽  
Indigenous Group ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

This chapter examines issues surrounding the human rights of Indigenous peoples. The conceptual framework for this chapter is informed by three broad, interrelated, and interdependent types of human rights: the right to existence, the right to self-determination, and individual human rights. After describing who Indigenous peoples are according to international law, the chapter considers the centuries of ambivalence about the recognition of Indigenous peoples. It then discusses the United Nations's establishment of a regime for Indigenous group rights and presents a case study of the impact of climate change on Indigenous peoples. It concludes with a reflection on the possibility of accommodating Indigenous peoples' self-determination with state sovereignty.

New technologies or new human rights: the right to a government by humans and the right to one’s own thoughts?

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 283-296
Author(s):  
Ryszard Piotrowski
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
State Level ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
The Right To Privacy ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Court Proceedings ◽  
The Right

The rapid development of information and communication technology has made it imperative that new human rights be spelled out, to cope with an array of expected threats associated with this process. With artificial intelligence being increasingly put to practical uses, the prospect arises of Man’s becoming more and more AI-dependant in multiple walks of life. This necessitates that a constitutional and international dimension be imparted to a right that stipulates that key state-level decisions impacting human condition, life and freedom must be made by humans, not automated systems or other AI contraptions. But if artificial intelligence were to make decisions, then it should be properly equipped with value-based criteria. The culture of abdication of privacy protection may breed consent to the creation and practical use of technologies capable to penetrate an individual consciousness without his or her consent. Evidence based on such thought interference must be barred from court proceedings. Everyone’s right to intellectual identity and integrity, the right to one’s thoughts being free from technological interference, is as essential for the survival of the democratic system as the right to privacy – and it may well prove equally endangered.

scholarly journals Self-transcendence and Eros: The human condition between desire and the infinite

2011 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornel W. Du Toit
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Culture ◽  
Emmanuel Levinas ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Martin Buber ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Inner World ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
The Impact

This article treats self-transcendence – like all transcendence – as a fact of human life. Inter alia this means that the human mind perforce operates in terms of binary concepts such as finitude–infinity, inner world–outside world, self–other, desire–fulfilment, separation–union and the like. We find these concepts in most myths of origin. The concept of desire (Eros), combining unfulfilment and the infinite, particularly epitomises self-transcendence. Ralph Waldo Emerson is cited as a precursor of the mid-19th century transcendentalists, whose ideas are resurfacing in present-day secular spirituality. In this article, we examined desire in the Christian conception of the Fall as envisioned by the Jewish philosopher Martin Buber and by Hegel, who integrates mind and nature in his philosophy of Spirit. The works of Emmanuel Levinas and Paul Ricoeur are used as points of reference to help us understand self and other in a framework of self-transcendence. The impact of these ideas on a postmetaphysical epistemology was also explored. Affectivity is a neglected area in Western thought and displays the same infinitude as rationality. The article concluded with present-day strategies of self-construction in a techno-scientific consumer culture.

scholarly journals A Hybrid Architecture combining Artificial intelligence and Blockchain for IoT Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 138-142
Author(s):  
Dr. D. Sivaganesan
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Hybrid Architecture ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Smart Transportation ◽  
Secure Environment ◽  
Block Chain ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Decentralized Architecture ◽  
Crucial Part

As Internet of Things (IoT) revolutionized over the years, it has become a crucial part in many application such as smart city and smart transportation, ensuring smooth functioning of the human life in a more reliable manner. As the amount of data that is to be collected, stored and analyzed increases, there is need for a system that perform these tasks in a more efficient manner. Artificial intelligence plays a crucial part in delivering these requirements. But when AI is involved, it will also result in the use of big tools that are necessary for tackling the issue at hand. Hence in order to ensure that AI can function in a smooth manner, blockchain support is introduced such that it develops a decentralized architecture. Block chain will provide a safe and secure environment to share the information and resources and can also address the drawbacks of Artificial intelligence. The purpose of this proposed work is to develop a hybrid architecture, combining the advantages of blockchain and artificial intelligence to enable big data analysis. We have performed an analysis and results have been observed to conclude the impact of blockchain in Artificial Intelligence in the aspect of latency and accuracy. The results indicate that the proposed architecture excels over the other architectures and can also overcome some of the challenges prevalent.

BIO-LAW AS A NEW GENERATION OF LAW

2021 ◽  
pp. 98-118
Author(s):  
Irina A. Umnova-Koniukhova ◽  
◽  
Irina A. Aleshkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
The Individual ◽  
New Generation ◽  
The Impact

The development of national and international biotechnology law in the context of new constitutional priorities, threats and challenges to life, public health and safety, is one of the current and yet under-researched topics in the scientific legal literature. Unfortunately, pro-gress in the life sciences is proceeding faster than the legal thinking that should accompany them. Breakthroughs in biology and medicine dictate the corresponding development of law, which today unfortunately lags chronically behind, resulting in gaps and contradictions between existing legal norms. As contemporary researchers have noted, and as is also evident in judicial practice, the issues of regulating the objects of bio-law - the body, life, procreation, self-identification, and ecology - mirror the contradictions of our society. The need to legally regulate the application of biotechnology has led to the formation of bioclaw as a new, integrated set of laws and, in the long term, as a branch of law of a new generation. As a response to the rapid introduction of advances in biotechnology into human life, we believe that bio-law must take into account the benefits and challenges associated with the impact of new technologies on the human body that may fundamentally alter the human condition as a physical individual. In this case, ethical issues, i. e. the requirements of bioethics, lead to a reflection on the content of bioethics in contemporary democracies and legal states. In particular, the introduction of technologies associated with gene editing, cloning, surrogacy, transplantation medicine, sex reassignment surgeries and other interventions into human nature, the consequences of which are not fully understood and threaten the physical and mental health of individuals, can cause irreparable harm to the spiritual, social, moral and ethical foundations of individuals, families, society, states and humanity as a whole. In our opinion, in the next few decades, bio-law will emerge as a global, integrated branch of law that simultaneously incorporates the norms of international law and national law. The main purpose of bio-law as a new branch of law is to counteract the global threat to humanity which consists in the emergence of a trend toward mass, large-scale changes to human nature and its unique natural qualities through the use of biotechnological advances. Therefore, the object of regulation and, accordingly, protection by this branch of law is not only the individual, his or her physical and spiritual health, but humanity as a whole, current and future generations. The uniqueness of bio-law as a new branch of law also lies in the fact that the individual, humanity, present and future generations are both the objects and subjects of law. The integrated nature of bioprinciples is manifested in the close connection of public and private interests with the obvious predominance of the public significance of their legal norms.

Right to Life in the American Medical System

1996 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1151-1161
Author(s):  
Denis Cavanagh
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Terminal Illness ◽  
Assisted Suicide ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Hippocratic Oath ◽  
Physician Assisted Suicide ◽  
Legalize Abortion ◽  
The Right ◽  
Supreme Court Rulings ◽  
The Impact

The article deals with the impact of the so called “culture of death” on medical practice in United States (US). In fact, in America, while the pretence is being kept up on the importance of the Hippocratic oath and the evangelic benevolence of the Good Samaritan, the strategy of the secular humanists is to try to make these irrelevant in the twin interests of social convenience and fiscal security. This campaign has been quietly waged in the media, in the courts, in public schools and universities. According this strategy, the threats to human life are, namely, two: abortion and euthanasia. On the first issue, in US the situation is discouraging because the US Supreme Court rulings Roe v. Wade and Doe v. Bolton in 1973, that have made abortion a woman’s choice for any reason in the first and second trimester and available with medical consultation for almost any reason in the third trimester of pregnancy. Regarding the euthanasia, the campaign strategy is following the same pattern as that used to legalize abortion: the Euthanasia Lobby is claiming that millions of people in America are suffering unbearable pain because of terminal illness and so ought to have the right to end their pain with physician- assisted suicide. On the contrary, the author assert that there is no right to destroy any human life or participate in its destruction and there is no good moral reason for abortion or euthanasia, including the physician-assisted suicide. Finally, the author think that it is vital that Catholic activists, allied with Christian church-going brethren, should resist with all the power they can muster to the “culture of death”.

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