scholarly journals ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ АГРОФИЗИЧЕСКИХ СВОЙСТВ ЧЕРНОЗЕМА ВЫЩЕЛОЧЕННОГО В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ МЕСТНЫХ КРЕМНИЙСОДЕРЖАЩИХ ПОРОД И УДОБРЕНИЙ

2019 ◽  
pp. 93-101
Author(s):  
N.P. Chekaev ◽  
A.E. Ryabov ◽  
T.A. Vlasova ◽  
Yu.V. Koryagin
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Softening Effect ◽  
Siliceous Rocks ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Penza Oblast ◽  
Different Doses

В статье приведены результаты исследований по изучению влияния кремнийсодержащей породы (диатомита) и удобрений на агрофизические свойства чернозема выщелоченного и урожайность сельскохозяйственных культур. Как показали исследования, проведенные в 2015-2017 гг. в учебно-производственном центре ФГБОУ ВО Пензенский ГАУ (Пензенская область, Мокшанский район), за три года действия норм диатомита от 2 до 8 т/га количество водопрочных агрегатов на вариантах без удобрений изменялось незначительно, разница с исходными значениями составила от 1,1 до 2,6 . На фоне применения навоза с внесением разных норм диатомита наблюдали увеличение количества водопрочных агрегатов по сравнению с исходным значением на 13,6 на варианте без диатомита и на 20,9 на варианте с нормой диатомита 8 т/га. На фоне применения минеральных удобрений разница составила от 1,8 до 4,7 . Улучшая структурное состояние и оказывая разуплотняющее влияние на пахотный горизонт, применение диатомита и органических удобрений повышает урожайность сельскохозяйственных культур. Дозы диатомита от 2,0 до 8,0 т/га увеличивали урожайность культур на 8,9-18,4 . На фоне применения навоза в норме 48 т/га повышается урожайность первой культуры озимой пшеницы на 69,8-86,3 , урожайность второй и третьей культуры от 13,7 до 26,5 .The article presents the results of studies on the influence of siliceous rocks (diatomite) and fertilizers on the agrophysical properties of leached chernozem and crop yields. As shown by the studies conducted in 20152017 at the training and production center of the FSBEI HE Penza SAU (Mokshan district, Penza oblast), over the three years of application of diatomite at a rate from 2 to 8 t/ha, the number of waterresistant units in the variants without fertilizers had changed slightly, the difference compared to the initial values ranged from 1.1 to 2.6 . Against the background of the use of manure with the introduction of different doses of diatomite, an increase in the number of waterresistant aggregates was observed compared with the initial value by 13.6 in the variant without diatomite and by 20.9 in the variant with a diatomite at a rate of 8 t/ha. Against the background of the use of mineral fertilizers, the difference was from 1.8 to 4.7 . Improving the structural state and exerting a softening effect on the arable horizon, the use of diatomite and organic fertilizers increases the yield of crops. Doses of diatomite from 2.0 to 8.0 t/ha increased crop yields by 8.9-18.4 . Against the background of the use of manure at a rate of 48 t/ha, the yield of the first crop had increased. Winter wheat yield had increased by 69.886.3 . The yield of the second and third crops had increased from 13.7 to 26.5 .

Productivity and quality of soybean seeds with different fertilization on podzolized chernozem

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (97) ◽  
pp. 136-144
Author(s):  
H.M. Hospodarenko ◽  
◽  
I.V. Prokopchuk ◽  
K. P. Leonova ◽  
V.P. Boyko
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Different Doses

The productivity of agricultural crops is the most variable and integral indicator of their vital activity, which accumulates their genetic potential, soil fertility, weather conditions and components of agricultural technology. Soybean under optimal growing conditions (the reaction of the soil is close to neutral, sufficient phosphorus and potassium nutrition, the use of nitraginization) assimilates from the air about 70 % of the total nitrogen requirement. Therefore, it is believed that it is enough to apply only a starting dose of nitrogen fertilizers (20–40 kg/ha a. s.), to get a high yield with good indicators of grain quality. The results of studies of the influence of long-term (8 years) application of different doses and ratios of fertilizers in field crop rotation on podzolized chernozem in the conditions of the Right -Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine on the yield and quality of soybean seeds preceded by spring barley were presented. It was found that crop yields could be increased by 18–77 % owing to different doses, ratios and types of fertilizers. The highest indicators of seed yields for three years of the research (3,02 t/ha) were obtained under the application of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N110P60K80 per 1 ha of crop rotation area, including under soybean – N60P60K60. Exclusion of the nitrogen component from the complete fertilizer (N60P60K60) reduced its yield by 26 %, phosphorus – by 17, and potassium by 11 %. There was no significant decrease in soybean yield in the variant of the experiment with a decrease in the proportion of potassium in the composition of complete mineral fertilizer (N60P60K30) for three years of study. The largest mass of 1000 soybean seeds was formed at doses of N60К60 fertilizers, and their protein content — under the application of complete mineral fertilizer in doses of N60P60K60 and N60P60K30.

INFLUENCE OF THE METHOD OF PROCESSING LIGHT-GRAY FOREST SOILS ON THE CLOVER LAYER OF THE FIRST YEAR OF USE ON THE YIELD OF WINTER WHEAT OF « MOSKOVSKAYA 39 VARIETY» IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE NIZHNY NOVGOROD REGION

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Е. V. Mikhalev ◽  
◽  
N.А. Borisov ◽  
N. А. Mineeva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
First Year ◽  
Traditional Technology ◽  
No Till ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield

The research aim is to identify the most energy-saving and cost-effective technology for winter wheat cultivation. The maximum moisture content of soil was recorded when it was processed using Mini-till technology – from 17.2% to 17.9%, and the lowest - with traditional technology – from 15.7% to 16.4%. The lowest soil density with traditional winter wheat technology is both on the background with fertilizer (1.18%) and on the background without fertilizer (1.21%). The lowest contamination of crops with traditional technology without mineral fertilizers (42 pcs/м2). With the Mini-till technology, the total blockage increased to 51pcs/м2, and with the No-till technology, it was maximum- 128 pcs/м2. Against the mineral fertilizers, the same tendency of total blockage-from – from 40 pcs/м2 to 132 pcs/м2, respectively. With No-till technology, the total plant damage increased from 17.0 % to 14.6 %, with traditional treatment – from 12.4% to 10.1%, and with Mini-till technology-from 12.7% to 9.6%. The yield of winter wheat when using traditional plowing against the background of mineral fertilizer is 3.59 t / ha, and against the background without mineral fertilizer – 2.24 t / ha. The yield of Mini-till technology for mineral background is 3.13 t / ha, and without fertilizers-1.81 t / ha. With the No-till technology, the winter wheat yield is 1.69 t/ha, and without fertilizers – 1.11 t/ha. The highest level of profitability with Mini-till technology against the background of mineral fertilizers-73.2%.

scholarly journals Урожайність та якість зерна пшениці м'якої озимої залежно від мінерального живлення

2013 ◽  
pp. 145-148
Author(s):  
С. М. Шакалій
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Mild Winter ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield ◽  
Full Protection

Наведено дані досліджень впливу різних норм мінера-льних добрив на урожайність і вміст білка в зерні пше-ниці м'якої озимої. Встановлено, що внесення добрив має вплив на збільшення врожайності зерна та сприяє збіль-шенню вмісту білка в зерні. За допомогою кореляційного аналізу встановлено тісний зв'язок між урожайністю та вмістом білка в зерні пшениці озимої r=0,80). Уро-жайність пшениці озимої істотно змінюється від по-годних умов веґетаційного періоду й норм мінерального живлення. Найкращі результати спостерігаються за повного захисту рослин + «Басфоліар 36 Екстра». The investigation data of influence of different norms of mineral fertilizers on productivity and protein content in wheat grain mild winter are presented. It is established that the application of fertilizers has an impact on the increase of productivity of grain and contributes to an increase in protein content in grain. Using correlation analysis a close relationship between yield and protein content of winter wheat (r=0,80) is established. Winter wheat yield considerably changes from weather conditions during vegetation period and norms of mineral nutrition. The best results are for the full protection of plants + Basfoliar 36 Extra.

The effect of fertilizing systems on the potassium capacity of dark gray soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (95) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
S.H. Korsun ◽  
A.V. Davydiuk ◽  
V.V. Hirnyk
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Systematic Application ◽  
Organic And Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
High Level ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Gray Soil

Purpose. Identify the features of changes in the factor of potassium capacity of dark gray soil under long-term systematic application of different doses of mineral and organic fertilizers. Methods. Field, laboratory, mathematical and statistical. Results. At various intensities of fertilizer systems and fertilizer ratios, it has been established that the long (30 years) use of organic and mineral fertilizers contributed not only to stabilization but also to the restoration of the stock of moving potassium in the arable soil layer in comparison with the initial data (1987).The growth of mobile potassium content was consistent with the increase in the agrochemical load in crop rotation. Conclusions. Long-term systematic application for 1987–2000 years mineral fertilizers in doses of 265–397 kg of NPK on the background of 10 tons of manure per 1 ha of crop rotation, in 2001–2010 years – 211–316,5 kg of NPK per 1 ha, and in 2011–2017 years – 217,5–326,4 kg of NPK per 1 ha on the background plowing crop by-products had a significant impact in the factor on the capacity factor of potassium of dark gray podzolized soil, ensuring it is elevated and very high level.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF INNOVATIVE ORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON WINTER WHEAT YIELD IN THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION FOREST-STEPPE

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Sergey Zudilin ◽  
Natal'y Chukhnina
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Tillage Treatment

The aim of the study is to increase the yield of winter wheat with the use of innovative organic fertilizers during overall tillage in conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga region. The research was conducted in the period involving 2017-2020. The Svetoch variety winter wheat plants, were subjected to the research. In the field experiment, organic fertilizers were applied at different tillage treatment stages. The fertilizers use during early spring sowing or winter crops aftergrowing contributed to an increase of moisture content in the meter-depth soil layer by 0.8-1.3%. Winter wheat harvesting was not affected by the soil moisture significantly depending either on fertilizers used or main tillage treatment. The organic fertilizers use led to a slight decrease in soil compaction during the sowing of early spring crops or winter wheat spring aftergrowing compared to the option without fertilizers. The in-troduction of fresh manure led to a certain increase in the contamination of crops, after the introduction of other or-ganic fertilizers studied, the number of residues and their weight was less, and no significant differences were ob-served between the variants. Factor A showed (organic fertilizers applied) during periods of 2017-2020 the yield of winter wheat was – 2.95 t/ha; fertilizers were not applied, when 30 t/ha of manure applied – 3.32 t/ha; dry organic fertilizer use – 3.35 t/ha; and liquid one – 3.36 t/ha; biohumus – 3.32 t/ha. An increase of winter wheat yield from the action of organic fertilizers was 0.37-0.41 t/ha (or 12.5-13.9%). According to factor B (main tillage), the crop yield amounted to: when plowing by 20-22 cm – 3.33 t/ha; surface tillage by 10-12 cm – 3.25 t/ha; without autumn cultural practice – 3.19 t/ha. The use of resource-saving tillage reduced the winter wheat yield by 0.08-0.14 t/ha (or by 2.5-4.4 %), that is, without a significant difference between the options.

scholarly journals Adaptive technologies for intensification of winter wheat grain production in biologized crop rotation

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00067
Author(s):  
Zakirzhan Bikmukhametov ◽  
Rafil Shakirov ◽  
Razina Sabirova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Experimental Base ◽  
Fertilizer System

The studies were conducted at the experimental base of the Tatar Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture in 1996–2014 to adapt fertilizer systems and basic tillage to achieve yields of 3–5 t/ha. The article cited data on winter wheat – the second crop of the third rotation of the eight-field grain-grass-crop rotation for 2013–2014. We studied the effect of organomineral, organic, mineral fertilizer systems on the winter wheat yield using a differentiated approach to their use in combination with different primary tillage systems (dump plowing to the depth of the arable layer, multi-depth loosening and loosening to a depth of 15–16). The organomineral fertilizer system differed with the saturation with organic fertilizers of 7 t/ha of arable land per year + N36P32K60 according to the balance sheet for receiving 4 t/ha of grain with spring fertilizing using ammonium nitrate, where the yield was 4. 03 t/ha, and the saving on mineral fertilizers, depending on crop rotation and soil saturation with organic matter, was 25–35 %. The yield of winter wheat by the water-saving technology amounted to 4.03 t/ha with a planned level of 4.0 t/ha. At the same time, at the purchase price of 7 rubles/kg, the level of profitability rose to 195.85 %, the cost of 1 center of grain amounted to 236.6 rubles.

scholarly journals Prior Season Crop Type Masks for Winter Wheat Yield Forecasting: A US Case Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inbal Becker-Reshef ◽  
Belen Franch ◽  
Brian Barker ◽  
Emilie Murphy ◽  
Andres Santamaria-Artigas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Crop Type ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield

Monitoring and forecasting crop yields is a critical component of understanding and better addressing global food security challenges. Detailed spatial information on crop-type distribution is fundamental for in-season crop condition monitoring and yields forecasting over large agricultural areas, as it enables the extraction of crop-specific signals. Yet, the availability of such data within the growing season is often limited. Within this context, this study seeks to develop a practical approach to extract a crop-specific signal for yield forecasting in cases where crop rotations are prevalent, and detailed in-season information on crop type distribution is not available. We investigated the possibility of accurately forecasting winter wheat yields by using a counter-intuitive approach, which coarsens the spatial resolution of out-of-date detailed winter wheat masks and uses them in combination with easily accessibly coarse spatial resolution remotely sensed time series data. The main idea is to explore an optimal spatial resolution at which crop type changes will be negligible due to crop rotation (so a previous seasons’ mask, which is more readily available can be used) and an informative signal can be extracted, so it can be correlated to crop yields. The study was carried out in the United States of America (USA) and utilized multiple years of NASA Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data, US Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) detailed wheat masks, and a regression-based winter wheat yield model. The results indicate that, in places where crop rotations were prevalent, coarsening the spatial scale of a crop type mask from the previous season resulted in a constant per-pixel wheat proportion over multiple seasons. This enables the consistent extraction of a crop-specific vegetation index time series that can be used for in-season monitoring and yield estimation over multiple years using a single mask. In the case of the USA, using a moderate resolution crop type mask from a previous season aggregated to 5 km resolution, resulted in a 0.7% tradeoff in accuracy relative to the control case where annually-updated detailed crop-type masks were available. These findings suggest that when detailed in-season data is not available, winter wheat yield can be accurately forecasted (within 10%) prior to harvest using a single, prior season crop mask and coarse resolution Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) time series data.

scholarly journals Possible Scenarios of Winter Wheat Yield Reduction of Dryland Qazvin Province, Iran, Based on Prediction of Temperature and Precipitation Till the End of the Century

Climate ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behnam Mirgol ◽  
Meisam Nazari
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield ◽  
Semi Arid

The climate of the Earth is changing. The Earth’s temperature is projected to maintain its upward trend in the next few decades. Temperature and precipitation are two very important factors affecting crop yields, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. There is a need for future climate predictions to protect vulnerable sectors like agriculture in drylands. In this study, the downscaling of two important climatic variables—temperature and precipitation—was done by the CanESM2 and HadCM3 models under five different scenarios for the semi-arid province of Qazvin, located in Iran. The most efficient scenario was selected to predict the dryland winter wheat yield of the province for the three periods: 2010–2039, 2040–2069, and 2070–2099. The results showed that the models are able to satisfactorily predict the daily mean temperature and annual precipitation for the three mentioned periods. Generally, the daily mean temperature and annual precipitation tended to decrease in these periods when compared to the current reference values. However, the scenarios rcp2.6 and B2, respectively, predicted that the precipitation will fall less or even increase in the period 2070–2099. The scenario rcp2.6 seemed to be the most efficient to predict the dryland winter wheat yield of the province for the next few decades. The grain yield is projected to drop considerably over the three periods, especially in the last period, mainly due to the reduction in precipitation in March. This leads us to devise some adaptive strategies to prevent the detrimental impacts of climate change on the dryland winter wheat yield of the province.

scholarly journals The effect of soil and weather conditions on yields of winter wheat in multi-environmental trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzena Iwańska ◽  
Michał Stępień
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield ◽  
Crop Growth Stage ◽  
The Impact

SummaryDrought reduces crop yields not only in areas of arid climate. The impact of droughts depends on the crop growth stage and soil properties. The frequency of droughts will increase due to climate change. It is important to determine the environmental variables that have the strongest effect on wheat yields in dry years. The effect of soil and weather on wheat yield was evaluated in 2018, which was considered a very dry year in Europe. The winter wheat yield data from 19 trial locations of the Research Center of Cultivar Testing (COBORU), Poland, were used. Soil data from the trial locations, mean air temperature (T) and precipitation (P) were considered as environmental factors, as well as the climatic water balance (CWB). The hydrothermal coefficient (HTC), which is based on P and T, was also used. The effect of these factors on winter wheat yield was related to the weather conditions at particular growth stages. The soil had a greater effect than the weather conditions. CWB, P, T and HTC showed a clear relationship with winter wheat yield. Soil data and HTC are the factors most recommended for models predicting crop yields. In the selection of drought-tolerant genotypes, the plants should be subjected to stress especially during the heading and grain filling growth stages.

scholarly journals Spatial Heterogeneity of Winter Wheat Yield and Its Determinants in the Yellow River Delta, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Lin Chu ◽  
Chong Huang ◽  
Qingsheng Liu ◽  
Chongfa Cai ◽  
Gaohuan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Yellow River Delta ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
The Yellow River Delta ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield ◽  
Actual Yield

Understanding spatial differences of crop yields and quantitatively exploring the relationship between crop yields and influencing factors are of great significance in increasing regional crop yields, promoting sustainable development of regional agriculture and ensuring regional food security. This study investigates spatial heterogeneity of winter wheat yield and its determinants in the Yellow River Delta (YRD) region. The spatial pattern of winter wheat in 2015 was mapped through time series similarity analysis. Winter wheat yield was estimated by integrating phenological information into yield model, and cross-validation was performed using actual yield data. The geographical detector method was used to analyze determinants influencing winter wheat yield. This study concluded that the overall classification accuracy for winter wheat is 88.09%. The estimated yield agreed with actual yield, with R2 value of 0.74 and root mean square error (RMSE) of 1.02 t ha−1. Cumulative temperature, soil salinity and their interactions were key determinants affecting winter wheat yield. Several measures are recommended to ensure sustainable crop production in the YRD region, including improving irrigation and drainage systems to reduce soil salinity, selecting salt-tolerant winter wheat varieties, and improving agronomy techniques to extend effective cumulative temperature.

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