scholarly journals Official statements of the board of experts on the use of topical thiamphenicol in patients with communityacquired respiratory infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-196
Author(s):  
Sergey N. Avdeev ◽  
T.I. Garashchenko ◽  
N.A. Geppe ◽  
I.A. Dronov ◽  
Andrey A. Zaitsev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Antiviral Effect ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Steady Growth ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Potential Use

Currently, there is a steady growth antimicrobial resistance (AMP) worldwide. This is especially true now when antibiotic use has become uncontrolled due to its use in COVID-19 treatment regimens. Antibiotics do not have antiviral effect, their appointment is justified only with complicated forms of COVID-19. Moreover, such a massive use antibiotics creates the prerequisites for the formation antibiotic resistance, including among the causative agents of community-acquired infections. Due to the relentless the growth of antibiotic resistance of community-acquired pathogens of respiratory diseases, it becomes necessary to revise approaches to antibacterial therapy (ABT) and assessing the potential use of thiamphenicol for the treatment of community-acquired infections caused by respiratory pathogens.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of pathogens isolated from pigs and cattle to marbofloxacin

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (6) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Андрей Потехин ◽  
Andrey Potehin
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
High Susceptibility ◽  
Causative Agents

A retrospective review of antimicrobial susceptibility testing of 134 bacterial isolates to fluoroquinolones, which are the most common in pigs, 74 isolates of cattle respiratory pathogens, and 101 isolates of causative agents of cattle mastitis isolated at FSBE «ARRIAH». The testing was held on animals from different age groups since 2014 to 2019. The causative agents of respiratory diseases in pigs P. multocida, A. pleuropleumoniae, H. parasuis showed high sensitivity to marbofloxacin, and therefore it can be recommended for the treatment of respiratory infections of pigs. The causative agents of cattle respiratory diseases also demonstrate high susceptibility to marbofloxacin, and can be recommended for the treatment of bacterial infections in cattle.

scholarly journals Topical issues of inhaled antibacterial therapy of respiratory diseases in children

2018 ◽  
pp. 128-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. G. Kolosova ◽  
A. B. Kolosova
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Restriction Policy ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Outpatient Practice ◽  
Systemic Antibiotics

Despite the fact that acute respiratory infections have viral etiology, the frequency of antibiotic prescriptions accounts for more than 70% in outpatient practice. However, the preventive administration of systemic antibiotics does not reduce the duration of the disease and the incidence of bacterial complications. In addition, the irrational use of antibiotic therapy can lead to the development of antibiotic resistance of infectious disease pathogens. The global problem of antibiotic resistance is seen as a serious threat to public health, and therefore the systemic antibiotic restriction policy is crucial, which helps to reduce the formation of antibiotic-resistant strains of infectious agents. The possibility of using local antibacterial drugs enables optimization of antibiotic therapy and reduces the risk of the development of antibiotic resistance. The article discusses the issues of use of thiamphenicol glycinate acetylcysteinate in various diseases in children.

scholarly journals Etiological characteristics of acute respiratory diseases in servicemen of the Western military district in 2014-2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
A N Gorenchuk ◽  
P V Kulikov ◽  
S D Zhogolev ◽  
R M Aminev ◽  
A A Kuzin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Acute Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Active Implementation

The species affiliation of respiratory pathogens isolated from patients and carriers in the military units of the Western Military District in 2014-2019 was studied. The analysis of long-term and seasonal dynamics of their circulation is carried out. It was found that S. pneumoniae and adenoviruses are more often detected in acute respiratory diseases in conscripts. The genetic material of adenoviruses was found in 31,9% of samples, influenza viruses in 13,3%, rhinoviruses in 11,2%, respiratory syncytial viruses in 1,7%, metapneumoviruses in 0,9%, parainfluenza viruses 0,7%, bocaviruses0,5%, coronaviruses 0,1%, S. pneumoniae 33,9%, H. influenzae 13%, M. pneumoniae 9%, C. pneumoniae - in 3,3%, N. meningitidis - in 16%. Comparison of the results of work with studies carried out by domestic research groups among the civilian population in the same period showed that the circulation of various respiratory viruses depends on the year, season, and is also influenced by socio-demographic factors. A direct high functional correlation was found between the dynamics of circulation of adenovirus and S. pneumoniae in different years and epidemic seasons. Evidence has been obtained of the active implementation of the process of self-maintenance of the reservoir of infections and the multifactorial nature of the overall environmental sustainability of the system in organized military teams. In the etiological structure of respiratory infections, the proportion of pathogens varies depending on the season in different years, the characteristics of the formation and composition of organized groups, as well as epidemic periods.

scholarly journals STUDI PENGGUNAAN ANTIBIOTIK PASIEN PNEUMONIA ANAK DENGAN METODE DDD DAN DU 90%

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-115
Author(s):  
Farah Bidara ◽  
◽  
Mumfasiroh Saputri ◽  
Dyah Aryani Perwitasari ◽  
Intan Fatah Kumara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Defined Daily Dose ◽  
Inpatient Ward ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Patient Demographic Data ◽  
Antibiotic Duration ◽  
Empirical Antibiotics

Pneumonia is one of the most common respiratory infections. The treatment of pneumonia mostly uses broad-spectrum empirical antibiotics that are susceptible to resistance. One of the efforts to reduce antibiotic resistance is to use antibiotics wisely which can be done by regularly evaluating the quantitative and qualitative use of antibiotics. The purpose of this study was to determine the quantity of consumption and the type of antibiotic used in patients pneumonia child inpatient ward at Hospital Mitra Paramedika Yogyakarta (MPY) and Yadika Pondok Bambu Jakarta (YPBJ) by DDD (Defined Daily Dose) and DU (Drug utility) 90%. This is a descriptive study period June 2017 - April 2020 in pediatric patients aged 1 - 18 years with a diagnosis of pneumonia. Sampling was performed at the Medical Record Installation. The Data taken were antibiotic type, dosage regimen, medication route, antibiotic duration (day), and hospital stay (day) as well as patient demographic data (age, type sex) .There are differences in the pattern of antibiotic use between YPBJ and MPY. Comparison of DDD and DU 90% may be due to differences in standard of therapy used by physicians, antibiotic resistance, differences in germ maps and hospital formularies.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Molecular Point-of-Care Testing for Respiratory Pathogens in Children With Respiratory Infections: A Retrospective Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Shen ◽  
Yuanjie Zhou ◽  
Yajuan Zhou ◽  
Lijuan Luo ◽  
Wenjuan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Routine Testing ◽  
Intravenous Antibiotics ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Testing Group

ObjectivesOveruse of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance are global healthcare problems. In pediatric patients with respiratory infections, viral and bacterial etiologies are challenging to distinguish, leading to irrational antibiotic use. Rapid and accurate molecular diagnostic testing methods for respiratory pathogens has been shown to facilitate effective clinical decision-making and guide antibiotic stewardship interventions in the developed regions, but its impacts on pediatric patient care in the developing countries remain unclear.MethodsIn this single-center, retrospective case-control study, we compared demographics, clinical characteristics, especially microbiological findings, and antibiotic usage between pediatric patients with respiratory infection receiving FilmArray Respiratory Panel (FilmArray RP) testing and a matched routine testing control group. Our primary outcome was the duration of intravenous antibiotics treatment (DOT) during hospitalization.ResultsEach group consisted of 346 children with a respiratory infection. In the FilmArray RP testing group, the DOT was shorter than that in the routine testing group (6.41 ± 3.67 days versus 7.23 ± 4.27 days; p = 0.006). More patients in the FilmArray RP testing group de-escalated antibiotic treatments within 72 hours of hospitalization (7.80%, 27/346 versus 2.60%, 9/346; p = 0.002). By contrast, fewer patients in the FilmArray RP testing group had escalated antibiotic treatments between 72 hours and seven days (7.80% versus 14.16%; p = 0.007). The cost of hospitalization was significantly lower in the FilmArray RP testing group ($ 1413.51 ± 1438.01 versus $ 1759.37 ± 1929.22; p = 0.008). Notably, the subgroup analyses revealed that the FilmArray RP test could shorten the DOT, improve early de-escalation of intravenous antibiotics within 72 hours of hospitalization, decline the escalation of intravenous antibiotics between 72 hours and seven days, and reduce the cost of hospitalization for both patient populations with or without underlying diseases.ConclusionsMolecular point-of-care testing for respiratory pathogens could help to reduce intravenous antibiotic use and health care costs of pediatric patients with respiratory infections in developing countries.

scholarly journals Rapid Molecular Tests for Detecting Respiratory Pathogens Reduced the Use of Antibiotics in Children

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 283
Author(s):  
Yu Kyung Kim ◽  
Jong Ho Lee ◽  
Sae Yoon Kim ◽  
Ji Young Ahn ◽  
Kwang Hae Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity

Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) is increasingly being used to diagnose infections caused by respiratory pathogens in pediatric inpatient facilities. mPCR assays detect a broader array of viruses, with higher specificity and sensitivity and faster turnaround than previous assays. We adapted the FilmArray Respiratory Panel (FA-RP) for diagnosing respiratory infections. FA-RP is an in vitro mPCR assay that simultaneously and rapidly (in about 1 h) detects 20 pathogens directly from respiratory specimens. Here, we studied the clinical efficacy of FA-RP in children who underwent testing for respiratory pathogens at Yeungnam University Hospital from November 2015 to August 2018. From November 2015 to June 2016, routine mPCR testing was performed on nasopharyngeal swabs using the routine mPCR kit. From November 2016 to July 2018, mPCR testing was performed using FA-RP. A total of 321 tests by routine mPCR and 594 tests by FA-RP were included. The positive detection rates for routine mPCR and FA-RP were 71.3% and 83.3%, respectively. FA-RP reduced the lead time, waiting time, turnaround time, intravenous (IV) antibiotic use, and length of hospital stay for pediatric patients. The decreased use of antibiotics is expected to reduce antibiotic resistance in children.

scholarly journals Use of Cephalosporin Type Antimicrobials in Infection Wards in Tertiary Hospital in West India

2021 ◽  
pp. 510-517
Author(s):  
Revati D. Kothari ◽  
Anita Barde ◽  
Harshavardhan Bhide ◽  
Teja Deshpande ◽  
Nimish S. Narkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Culture Sensitivity

Background: Antibiotic resistance is exponentially increasing worldwide. Irrational prescription of antibiotic treatment contributes to the development of antibiotic resistance. Appropriate antibiotic use is vital in reducing the mortality caused by bacterial infections. Third generation cephalosporins are now considered as the backbone of antibiotic therapy for treatment of serious infections including those in hospitalized patients. These drugs are the commonly prescribed ꞵ-lactam antibiotics even before culture sensitivity reports arrive. Generation of resistance has been a growing concern for all clinicians and must be avoided at all costs. This drug utilization study was undertaken to understand the growing resistance acquired by the organisms against cephalosporins caused due to the superfluous and unrestrained use of cephalosporins in the medical wards of our institution. Objective: The study objectives were to assess: The cephalosporins generation which was most commonly prescribed The relevance of cephalosporins generations used in various diseases The shift or addition of other antimicrobials upon failure of cephalosporins treatment Methods: This was an observational study done amongst 350 patients admitted in infection wards of Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pimpri, Pune over a period of one year between January 2019 to December 2019 after obtaining institutional ethical clearance. Data was analyzed and values were presented descriptively in number and percentage form. Results: Maximum usage of third generation cephalosporin was seen with ceftriaxone being the most commonly prescribed third generation cephalosporin in parenteral form (59.43%). Gender analysis revealed that males (60.28%) were prescribed more cephalosporins as compared to females (39.71%), whereas, frequent usage was seen in the age group 61 – 70 years. Bacteriological investigations were done in only 103 (29.42%) cases following which shift or addition of other antimicrobials was seen in 13 (3.71%) cases. Metronidazole was the most frequently co-prescribed with cephalosporins. Conclusion: Our study revealed extensive usage of third generation cephalosporin and the treatment regimens implemented in majority of the cases were without prior culture sensitivity test leading to irrational prescribing. Our study, along with the various other studies, would help in taking the corrective measures to curb the unnecessary use of antibiotics, and framing the guidelines for the doctors prescribing them.

scholarly journals Exploring patients’ understanding of antibiotic resistance and how this may influence attitudes towards antibiotic use for acute respiratory infections: a qualitative study in Australian general practice

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e026735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mina Bakhit ◽  
Chris Del Mar ◽  
Elizabeth Gibson ◽  
Tammy Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Semistructured Interview ◽  
Child Patients ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Australian General Practice ◽  
The Individual

ObjectivesTo explore patients’ or parents of child patients’ understanding of antibiotic resistance and aspects of resistance such as resistance reversibility and its spread among those in close proximity, along with how this may influence attitudes towards antibiotic use for acute respiratory infections (ARIs).DesignQualitative semistructured interview study using convenience sampling and thematic analysis by two researchers independently.SettingGeneral practices in Gold Coast, Australia.Participants32 patients or parents of child patients presenting to general practice with an ARI.ResultsFive themes emerged: (1) antibiotic use is seen as the main cause of antibiotic resistance, but what it is that becomes resistant is poorly understood; (2) resistance is perceived as a future ‘big problem’ for the community, with little appreciation of the individual impact of or contribution to it; (3) poor awareness that resistance can spread between family members but concern that it can; (4) low awareness that resistance can decay with time and variable impact of this knowledge on attitudes towards future antibiotic use and (5) antibiotics are perceived as sometimes necessary, with some awareness and consideration of their harms.ConclusionsPatients’ or parents of child patients’ understanding of antibiotic resistance and aspects of it was poor. Targeting misunderstandings about resistance in public health messages and clinical consultations should be considered as part of a strategy to improve knowledge about it, which may encourage more consideration about antibiotic use for illnesses such as ARIs.

scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISEASES IN PATIENTS WITH ATOPY

2015 ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
L. O. Ponezheva ◽  
Zh. B. Ponezheva ◽  
A. N. Kupchenko
Keyword(s):  
Immune Deficiency ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Transfer Factor ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Acute Respiratory Diseases

In the work identified clinical and immunological characteristics of the course of ARVI patients with atopy and assessed the clinical efficacy of transfer factor in patients with severe immune deficiency. Emphasized the role of respiratory infections as the most important triggers of exacerbations of atopy and causes more severe and prolonged course. Describes the mechanisms of how respiratory viruses potentiate chronic inflammation and remodeling of the airways. The role of the causative agents of ARVI in patients with atopy deserve more practical attention towards and optimization of therapy.

Antibiotic misuse and improper practices in India: Identifying the scope to improve through a narrative review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Brinal Pereira ◽  
Shruti Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Adherence To Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Antibiotics Use ◽  
The Common

BACKGROUND: In India, antibiotic resistance is high and by 2050, two million people will be affected. OBJECTIVE: To review antibiotic practices in India and the variables that impact them. METHODS: For this narrative review, research articles on antibiotic awareness, perception and practices were retrieved from PubMed and Google Scholar using search terms such as ‘India AND antibiotic use AND cross sectional AND awareness’. A total of 1730 results were found on 30 June 2020, of which 35 articles were eligible for summarizing the common antibiotic practices. RESULTS: We found that there are deficiencies in the implementation of existing policies in India. Several issues such as overprescribing of antibiotics, use without prescription and non-adherence to treatment regimens are contributing to irrational antibiotic practices in the country. CONCLUSION: There is a need for policies at the institute level to help curb the problem of antibiotic resistance.

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