Defeat by fusarium root rot in different areas of winter wheat cultivation in 1987—2015

Goal. Determine the relationship between weather conditions, the development of root rot and winter wheat yield in spring and summer; assess the harmfulness of winter wheat diseases, crop losses depending on growing conditions and the effectiveness of seed disinfectants. Methods. Diseases were recorded according to generally accepted methods. Harmfulness of fusarium root rot was determined by the scale of VIZR with the addition of V.F. Peresypkin and V.M. Pidoplichko. Yield losses from disease were calculated from regression equations. The research factors were evaluated by mathematical and statistical methods: moisture supply, level of root rot development, yield by years and their dependence on hydrothermal parameters for the period IV—VI (April — June). Results. It was found that in moderately humid years, on land, in the Right Bank Steppe, with higher rates of SCC (1.31), precipitation (48.9 mm) and disease development (15.7%), but at lower temperatures (14.9°С), the yield of winter wheat was 4.13 t/ha. In dry years, when the air temperature was higher (16.7°С), and all other indicators are much lower (SCC 0.66, precipitation 31.4 mm, the development of root rot 6.1%), the yield was 3.50 t/ ha. On an artificial infectious background in the area of — the Right Bank Steppe with an average development of brown rust of 2.0%, yields of 4.70 t/ha, yield losses amounted to 0.06 t/ha, and in natural conditions, on land, with the development of the disease 7.9%, yields 3.89 t/ha, harmfulness 4.8%, yield losses were 0.19 t/ha. In 1987—1991, with the development of powdery mildew 3.1%, yield 3.9 t/ha, on land yield losses (estimated) amounted to 0.06 t/ha. Conclusions. Based on regression analysis, a close curvilinear relationship between the intensity of root rot, leaf diseases and a decrease in grain weight in the ear was established. The possibility of determining the losses of winter wheat from diseases and the potential effect of agronomic measures aimed at eliminating the harmful effects of diseases is proved.

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The assessment of the influence of the Gumiton organomineral complex on the development of root rot and structural elements of the winter wheat yield

BIO Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/bioconf/20213202012 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 02012

Author(s):

Aleksey Suslov ◽

Dimitry Sviridenk ◽

Vasiliy Mamayev ◽

Irina Sychiova

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Root Rot ◽

Flag Leaf ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽

High Yield ◽

Yield Increase ◽

Organic Mineral ◽

Organomineral Complex ◽

Rot Disease

It has been shown that pre-sowing treatment increases field germination by 5.5%, and the preservation of plants after overwintering increases by 4.3%. Gumiton strengthened the work of the assimilation apparatus of the flag leaf due to an increase in leaf area by 29.3-49.1% and extended the life of plants. As a part of a tank mixture (Tabu Super, 1.5 l / t + Tertia, 2.5 l t), the drug allowed to reduce the prevalence of the root rot disease to 2.45-1.05% in comparison with the control. The organomineral complex provided the formation of a larger and more leveled grain with a mass of 1000 grains of 47.0-47.5 g, 43.9 g in the control; the grain nature is more than 780 g / dm 3, 751.7 g / dm 3, in the control. The use of Gumiton (seeds + tillering + piping) against the background of N 96 P 96 K 96 provided a high yield increase by 37.8%. To reduce the expenses of foliar fertilization with nitrogen fertilizers, the Gumiton organic-mineral complex should be recommended, since it is an element of greening in intensive technologies of winter wheat cultivation.

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Predicting potential winter wheat yield losses caused by multiple disease systems and climatic conditions

Crop Protection ◽

10.1016/j.cropro.2017.05.005 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 99 ◽

pp. 17-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Radivoje Jevtić ◽

Vesna Župunski ◽

Mirjana Lalošević ◽

Ljubica Župunski

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Yield Losses ◽

Winter Wheat Yield

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Impacts of Crop Variety and Time of Inoculation on the Susceptibility and Tolerance of Winter Wheat to Wheat streak mosaic virus

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-12-13-1210-re ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 98 (8) ◽

pp. 1060-1065 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Z. Miller ◽

F. Menalled ◽

D. Ito ◽

M. Moffet ◽

M. Burrows

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Great Plains ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus ◽

Northern Great Plains ◽

Yield Losses ◽

South Central ◽

The Impact

Plant genotype, age, size, and environmental factors can modify susceptibility and tolerance to disease. Understanding the individual and combined impacts of these factors is needed to define improved disease management strategies. In the case of Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) in winter wheat, yield losses and plant susceptibility have been found to be greatest when the crop is exposed to the virus in the fall in the central and southern Great Plains. However, the seasonal dynamics of disease risk may be different in the northern Great Plains, a region characterized by a relatively cooler fall conditions, because temperature is known to modify plant–virus interactions. In a 2-year field study conducted in south-central Montana, we compared the impact of fall and spring WSMV inoculations on the susceptibility, tolerance, yield, and grain quality of 10 winter wheat varieties. Contrary to previous studies, resistance and yields were lower in the spring than in the fall inoculation. In all, 5 to 7% of fall-inoculated wheat plants were infected with WSMV and yields were often similar to uninoculated controls. Spring inoculation resulted in 45 to 57% infection and yields that were 15 to 32% lower than controls. Although all varieties were similarly susceptible to WSMV, variations in tolerance (i.e., yield losses following exposure to the virus) were observed. These results support observations that disease risk and impacts differ across the Great Plains. Possible mechanisms include variation in climate and in the genetic composition of winter wheat and WSMV across the region.

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Урожайність та якість зерна пшениці м'якої озимої залежно від мінерального живлення

Вісник Полтавської державної аграрної академії ◽

10.31210/visnyk2013.04.36 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 145-148

Author(s):

С. М. Шакалій

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Protein Content ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Vegetation Period ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Mild Winter ◽

Close Relationship ◽

Winter Wheat Yield ◽

Full Protection

Наведено дані досліджень впливу різних норм мінера-льних добрив на урожайність і вміст білка в зерні пше-ниці м'якої озимої. Встановлено, що внесення добрив має вплив на збільшення врожайності зерна та сприяє збіль-шенню вмісту білка в зерні. За допомогою кореляційного аналізу встановлено тісний зв'язок між урожайністю та вмістом білка в зерні пшениці озимої r=0,80). Уро-жайність пшениці озимої істотно змінюється від по-годних умов веґетаційного періоду й норм мінерального живлення. Найкращі результати спостерігаються за повного захисту рослин + «Басфоліар 36 Екстра». The investigation data of influence of different norms of mineral fertilizers on productivity and protein content in wheat grain mild winter are presented. It is established that the application of fertilizers has an impact on the increase of productivity of grain and contributes to an increase in protein content in grain. Using correlation analysis a close relationship between yield and protein content of winter wheat (r=0,80) is established. Winter wheat yield considerably changes from weather conditions during vegetation period and norms of mineral nutrition. The best results are for the full protection of plants + Basfoliar 36 Extra.

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Elements of Integration in Winter Wheat Protection Programs

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2005.005 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 29-36

Author(s):

Cecylia Jańczak ◽

Grażyna Filoda ◽

Robert Matysiak

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽

Pests And Diseases ◽

Plant Infection ◽

Winter Wheat Yield

In Poland winter wheat is grown on the area of 1.600.000 ha. Most of the plant protection treatments are being done without thorough analysis of real threats from pests and diseases. The aim of the research is to develop the optimal program of wheat protection against pests and diseases based on integration of various methods of plant protection. Two programs: conventional and integrated were compared. In integrated program the eventual needs and terms of treatments were estimated on the basis of detailed observations of plant infection, pest appearance, their natural enemies and thorough analysis of weather conditions and forecasts. The role of disease resistant wheat varietes and nitrogen fertilizers was also analysed. The research took into account beneficial entomofauna and its influence on pest numbers as well as influence of chemicals used in agriculture on their species. As the result the selective pesticides, safe to beneficial organisms, were selected. The quantity and quality of winter wheat yield was analysed, including protein and gluten contents. The economic effectiveness of various programs of wheat protection against pests and diseases was assessed. The results of research are important both in practical and scientific sense.

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Comprehensive protection of winter wheat from harmful organisms of agrocenosis in the zone of the Polissya of Ukraine

Karantin i zahist roslin ◽

10.36495/2312-0614.2019.1-2.5-10 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 5-10

Author(s):

A. Bakalova ◽

N. Gritsyuk ◽

O. Derechа

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Mineral Nutrition ◽

Root Rot ◽

Fusarium Root Rot ◽

Stem Base ◽

Insecticidal Action ◽

Harmful Organisms ◽

Substance Treatment ◽

Control Variant ◽

Wheat Seeds

Goal. To study influence of complex application of fungicidal, insecticidal action on the dynamics of the number of harmful organisms and fusarium root rot on winter wheat crops under the conditions of the Polissya of Ukraine. Method. The research was carried out during 2015—2017 on the experimental field of ZNAEU with. Greater Gorbash Chernyakhivsky area Zhytomyr region. The cultivation of winter wheat was carried out in accordance with the Polissya zone of Ukraine. Sizes of experimental sites 50 m2, repetition — four times. The research was carried out on two backgrounds of mineral nutrition — F1 — N150P60K100, F2 — N210P84K140 of the active substance. Treatment of wheat seeds with fungicidal and insecticidal preparations was carried out one day before sowing. The accounting of damage to wheat plants by the dominant pests was carried out from the IV stage of organogenesis by the method of recording areas using the framework imposed on the plants. The accounting for fusarium root rot was carried out in the phase of full ripeness before harvesting. Samples of plants for analysis were excavated from two adjacent rows of 0.5 m and recorded on a scale: 0 points — the plant did not affect; 1 point — defeat to 30% of the roots and up to 50% of the stem base; 2 points — defeat 30—60% of the roots and more than 50% of the stem base; 3 points — defeat more than 60% of the roots. Results. As a result of research on winter wheat crops, where N150P60K100 of active ingredient (F1) was introduced, the number of cicadas changed from 28 to 92 spe/ m², corn flies decreased by 56 spe/m², corn aphids decreased by 40 spe/ m². its population for the complex processing of seeds Gaucho Plus 466 FS, TH (0.6 l/t) + Lamardor 400 FS, TH (0.2 l/t) + MikoHelp (1.0 l/t). The spread of fusarium root decreased by 22—23%, development — by 2.5—2.8% compared with the control variant. At higher levels of mineral nutrition N210P84K140 the grain yield increases from 3.5 to 5.8 t/ha, and the increase in yield was from 0.73 to 2.25 t/ha, which is 0.4 t/ha more than in the background of 1 in option Gaucho Plus 466 FS, TH (0.6 l/t) + Lamardor 400 FS, TH (0.2 l/t) + MikoHelp (1.0 l/t). Conclusions. Complex treatment of seeds with fungicidal and insecticidal preparations contributed to a decrease in the number of plant phytophages and a decrease in winter wheat damage by fusarium root rot. The combination of different standards of mineral nutrition and tank mixes for seed drilling improved the characteristics of the structure of the crop. The highest increment of yield was obtained at elevated norms of mineral nutrition N210P84K140 in combination with the use of a mixture of drugs Gaucho Plus 466 FS, TH (0.6 l/t) + Lamardor 400 FS, TH (0.2 l/t) + MikoHelp (1.0 l/t), which was 2.25 t/ ha compared with the control variant.

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Pumpkin protection against root rots

Karantin i zahist roslin ◽

10.36495/2312-0614.2020.4-6.19-22 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 19-22

Author(s):

O. Melnyk ◽

S. Mykhailenko

Keyword(s):

Technical Efficiency ◽

Root Rot ◽

Seed Treatment ◽

Consumption Rate ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Fusarium Root Rot ◽

Biological Products ◽

Causative Agents ◽

Sowing Seed ◽

The Right

Goal. To determine the technical efficiency of the novel fungicides against root rot of pumpkins in the area of the Right Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The experiments were conducted in 2016—2018 in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine (Khmelnytsky region) on the following varieties: common pumpkins — Ukrainskyi bahatoplidnyi, hull-less pumpkins — Shtyriiskyi. Assessment of severity, spread of root rot, technical and farm efficiency was carried out according to generally accepted methods. To control the development of the disease, the following preparations were investigated: Maxim 480 FS, FS, Inshur perform, TK, Phytocide, s., Trichoderma blend Bio-Green Microzyme TR, EC. Results. During the study period, root rot was observed on pumpkins of both studied varieties annually. In the laboratory, it was found that the causative agents of root rot on pumpkins were fungi of the genus Fusarium Link. The development of the disease in control ranged from 11.2 to 17.6%. When biological preparations were used on the variety Ukrainskyi bahatoplidnyi, technical efficiency was at the level of 52.6—62.8%, on the variety Shtyriiskyi — 43.4—59.2%. The best effect against fusarium root rot was recorded for seed treatment with Trichoderma blend Bio-Green Microzyme TR. Pre-sowing treatment of seeds with Inshur Perform and Maxim 480 FS reduced the development of the disease by 3.6—4 times. On both varieties, biological products showed lower technical efficiency compared to chemical preparations. The use of pesticides made it possible to obtain a yield of pumpkin seeds with the use of biological products at the level of 0,431—0,435 t/ha on the variety Ukrainskyi bahatoplidnyi and 0,308—0,315 t/ha — on the variety Shtyriiskyi. When seeds were treated with chemical pesticides, the yield was 0,456—0,465 t/ha and 0,319—0,325 t/ha, respectively. That is, pre-sowing seed treatment allows to save from 4.1 to 12.9% of crop yield. Conclusions. Under conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine pumpkin plants are annually affected by fusarium root rot. The use of pesticides allows to save the seed yield in the range from 0.012 to 0.053 t/ha. The best technical efficiency was observed on the variants with the disinfectant Maxim 480 FS, TH with a consumption rate of 1.0 l/t and the biological product Trichoderma blend Bio-Green Microzyme TR, EC with a consumption rate of 50 ml/t.

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Wheat and Barley Susceptibility and Tolerance to Multiple Isolates of Wheat streak mosaic virus

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-11-14-1205-re ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 99 (10) ◽

pp. 1383-1389 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Erik Lehnhoff ◽

Zachariah Miller ◽

Fabian Menalled ◽

Dai Ito ◽

Mary Burrows

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Great Plains ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Virus Disease ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus ◽

Yield Losses ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Cultivar Screening

One of the greatest virus disease threats to wheat production in the Great Plains of the USA is Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV). Breeding programs have developed wheat varieties that are resistant or tolerant to WSMV infection, but these characteristics are climate dependent, and may also vary by WSMV isolate. We tested 10 spring and nine winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) varieties and two barley (Hordeum vulgare) varieties for resistance and tolerance to one WSMV isolate over four years. In spring wheat and barley, there were year by cultivar interactions in terms of resistance and tolerance. However, in winter wheat, yield losses due to WSMV were relatively consistent across years and varieties. Additionally, we tested the impacts of three WSMV isolates individually and in a mixture on twelve, two, and twelve varieties of spring wheat, barley, and winter wheat, respectively. Resistance and tolerance varied by isolate and cultivar, but there were no isolate by cultivar interactions. For spring wheat and barley, yield impacts were greater for two of the three single isolates than for the isolate mixture, whereas in winter wheat, the isolate mixture caused greater yield losses than the individual isolates. Overall, the results indicate that resistance and tolerance phenotypes were influenced by environmental conditions and by WSMV isolate or combination of isolates, suggesting that cultivar screening should be conducted over multiple years and with multiple virus isolates.

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Estimating Farm Wheat Yields from NDVI and Meteorological Data

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11050946 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 946

Author(s):

Astrid Vannoppen ◽

Anne Gobin

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Crop Yield ◽

Meteorological Data ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Model Performance ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Current Data ◽

Monthly Precipitation ◽

Empirical Modelling ◽

Winter Wheat Yield

Information on crop yield at scales ranging from the field to the global level is imperative for farmers and decision makers. The current data sources to monitor crop yield, such as regional agriculture statistics, are often lacking in spatial and temporal resolution. Remotely sensed vegetation indices (VIs) such as NDVI are able to assess crop yield using empirical modelling strategies. Empirical NDVI-based crop yield models were evaluated by comparing the model performance with similar models used in different regions. The integral NDVI and the peak NDVI were weak predictors of winter wheat yield in northern Belgium. Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) yield variability was better predicted by monthly precipitation during tillering and anthesis than by NDVI-derived yield proxies in the period from 2016 to 2018 (R2 = 0.66). The NDVI series were not sensitive enough to yield affecting weather conditions during important phenological stages such as tillering and anthesis and were weak predictors in empirical crop yield models. In conclusion, winter wheat yield modelling using NDVI-derived yield proxies as predictor variables is dependent on the environment.

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